TEDxBoston 2012
Kent Larson: Brilliant designs to fit more people in every city
Kent Larson: Genijalni planovi za smještanje više ljudi u svaki grad.
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Kako možemo smjestiti više ljudi u gradove bez pretrpanosti? Kent Larson predstavlja aute na preklapanje, brzomijenjajuće stanove i druge inovacije koje bi mogle postići da gradovi budućnosti funkcioniraju vrlo slično malim selima prošlosti.
Kent Larson - Architect
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Kent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:17
I thought I would start with a very brief
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Mislio sam početi s kratkom
00:19
history of cities.
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poviješću gradova.
00:21
Settlements typically began
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Naselja su tipično počinjala
00:24
with people clustered around a well, and the size
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s ljudima grupiranima oko izvora, a veličina
00:27
of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk
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tih naselja je bila približna udaljenost koju ste mogli prehodati
00:29
with a pot of water on your head.
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s loncem vode na glavi.
00:31
In fact, if you fly over Germany, for example,
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Zapravo, ako preletite preko Njemačke, na primjer,
00:35
and you look down and you see these hundreds
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i pogledate dolje i vidite stotine tih malih sela,
00:36
of little villages, they're all about a mile apart.
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sva su otprilike jednu milju udaljena.
00:39
You needed easy access to the fields.
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Trebao vam je lak pristup poljima.
00:42
And for hundreds, even thousands of years,
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I stotinama, čak i tisućama godina,
00:46
the home was really the center of life.
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dom je bio središte života.
00:48
Life was very small for most people.
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Život je bio jako malen za većinu ljudi.
00:51
It was the center of entertainment, of energy production,
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Bio je središte zabave, energetske proizvodnje, posla,
00:55
of work, the center of health care.
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središte zdravstvene njege.
00:58
That's where babies were born and people died.
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Tu su se djeca rađala i ljudi umirali.
01:02
Then, with industrialization, everything started
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Zatim, s industrijalizacijom, sve se počelo
01:05
to become centralized.
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centralizirati.
01:06
You had dirty factories that were moved
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Imali ste prljave tvornice koje su pomaknute
01:09
to the outskirts of cities.
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u predgrađa.
01:10
Production was centralized in assembly plants.
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Proizvodnja je centralizirana u montažnim postrojenjima.
01:15
You had centralized energy production.
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Imali ste centraliziranu energetsku proizvodnju.
01:19
Learning took place in schools. Health care took place
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Učenje je održavano u školama, zdravstvena njega u
01:21
in hospitals.
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bolnicama.
01:24
And then you had networks that developed.
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I onda ste imali mreže koje su se razvile.
01:26
You had water, sewer networks that allowed for this
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Vodovodne, kanalizacijske mreže koje su omogućavale ovu
01:30
kind of unchecked expansion.
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vrstu neprovjerenog širenja.
01:33
You had separated functions, increasingly.
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Ubrzano dolazi do odvajanja funkcija.
01:37
You had rail networks that connected residential,
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Dobili ste željezničke mreže koje su povezivale stambenu,
01:39
industrial, commercial areas. You had auto networks.
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industrijsku i trgovinsku zonu. Imali ste cestovnu mrežu.
01:42
In fact, the model was really, give everybody a car,
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Zapravo, model je bio – dajte svima auto,
01:46
build roads to everything, and give people a place to park
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izgradite putove do bilo gdje, i dajte ljudima mjesto gdje će parkirati
01:48
when they get there. It was not a very functional model.
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kada dođu tamo. To nije bio vrlo funkcionalan model.
01:51
And we still live in that world,
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Još uvijek živimo u tom svijetu
01:54
and this is what we end up with.
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i ovdje smo završili.
01:56
So you have the sprawl of LA,
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Dakle, imate širenje LA,
01:58
the sprawl of Mexico City.
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širenje Mexico Cityja.
02:00
You have these unbelievable new cities in China
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Imate nevjerojatne nove gradove u Kini
02:03
which you might call tower sprawl.
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koje biste mogli nazvati širenjem nebodera.
02:06
They're all building cities on the model that we invented
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Svi grade gradove prema modelu koji smo izumili
02:09
in the '50s and '60s, which is really obsolete, I would argue,
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50-tih i 60-tih, što je stvarno zastarjelo,
02:12
and there are hundreds and hundreds of new cities
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argumentirao bih, i postoje stotine i stotine novih gradova
02:14
that are being planned all over the world.
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koji se planiraju diljem svijeta.
02:16
In China alone, 300 million people,
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Samo će se u Kini, 300 milijuna ljudi,
02:18
some say 400 million people,
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neki kažu 400 milijuna ljudi,
02:20
will move to the city over the next 15 years.
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preseliti u grad tijekom sljedećih 15 godina.
02:23
That means building the entire, the equivalent
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To znači da će se izgraditi ekvivalent
02:26
of the entire built infrastructure of the U.S. in 15 years.
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cijele izgrađene infrastrukture SAD-a u 15 godina.
02:29
Imagine that.
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Zamislite to.
02:29
And we should all care about this
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I svima bi nam trebalo biti stalo do ovoga,
02:32
whether you live in cities or not.
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živjeli u gradovima ili ne.
02:34
Cities will account for 90 percent of the population growth,
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Na gradove će otpadati 90 posto rasta populacije,
02:37
80 percent of the global CO2, 75 percent of energy use,
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80 posto globalnog CO2, 75 posto utroška energije,
02:42
but at the same time it's where people want to be,
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ali istovremeno to je gdje ljudi žele biti,
02:45
increasingly.
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u porastu.
02:47
More than half the people now in the world live in cities,
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Više od pola ljudi na svijetu danas živi u gradovima
02:50
and that will just continue to escalate.
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i to će samo nastaviti eskalirati.
02:52
Cities are places of celebration, personal expression.
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Gradovi su mjesta proslava, osobnog izražavanja.
02:56
You have the flash mobs of pillow fights that —
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Imate organizirane grupe za borbu jastucima –
02:59
I've been to a couple. They're quite fun. (Laughter)
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bio sam na njih par. Prilično su zabavne. (Smijeh)
03:01
You have — (Laughs)
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Imate – (Smije se)
03:04
Cities are where most of the wealth is created,
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Gradovi su gdje se stvara većina bogatstva,
03:07
and particularly in the developing world,
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posebice u razvijenom svijetu,
03:09
it's where women find opportunities. That's
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tu žene nalaze prilike.
03:11
a lot of the reason why cities are growing very quickly.
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To je veliki dio razloga zašto gradovi rastu vrlo brzo.
03:14
Now there's some trends that will impact cities.
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Neki će trendovi utjecati na gradove.
03:17
First of all, work is becoming distributed and mobile.
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Kao prvo, posao postaje raspodijeljen i pokretan.
03:20
The office building is basically obsolete
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Poslovna zgrada je u osnovi zastarjela
03:22
for doing private work.
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za privatnikov posao.
03:23
The home, once again, because of distributed computation --
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Dom, ponovno, zbog raspodijeljenog računanja –
03:27
communication, is becoming a center of life,
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komunikacije, postaje centar života,
03:30
so it's a center of production and learning and shopping
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stoga je to centar proizvodnje i učenja i kupovanja
03:33
and health care and all of these things that we used
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i zdravstene njege i svih ovih stvari za koje smo navikli
03:36
to think of as taking place outside of the home.
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misliti da ne pripadaju domu.
03:39
And increasingly, everything that people buy,
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I sve više, sve što ljudi kupuju,
03:43
every consumer product, in one way or another,
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svaki potrošački proizvod, na jedan način ili drugi,
03:45
can be personalized.
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može biti personalizirano.
03:47
And that's a very important trend to think about.
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I to je vrlo važan trend za proučavanje.
03:49
So this is my image of the city of the future.
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Dakle, ovo je moja vizija grada budućnosti.
03:52
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:54
In that it's a place for people, you know.
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Tu je mjesto za ljude, znate.
03:57
Maybe not the way people dress, but --
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Možda ne način na koji se ljudi oblače,
04:00
You know, the question now is, how can we have all
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ali – znate, sada je pitanje, kako možemo imati sve
04:02
the good things that we identify with cities
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dobre stvari koje povezujemo s gradovima
04:05
without all the bad things?
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bez svih loših stvari?
04:07
This is Bangalore. It took me a couple of hours
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Ovo je Bangalore. Trebalo mi je nekoliko sati
04:09
to get a few miles in Bangalore last year.
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da prođem nekoliko milja u Bangaloru prošle godine.
04:12
So with cities, you also have congestion and pollution
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S gradovima također dolaze zakrčenost i onečišćenje
04:14
and disease and all these negative things.
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i bolest i sve ove negativne stvari.
04:17
How can we have the good stuff without the bad?
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Kako možemo imati dobre stvari bez loših?
04:19
So we went back and started looking at the great cities
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Stoga smo se vratili i počeli promatrati velike gradove
04:22
that evolved before the cars.
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koji su se razvili prije auta.
04:24
Paris was a series of these little villages
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Pariz je bio niz ovih malih sela
04:27
that came together, and you still see that structure today.
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koja su se povezala, i još uvijek vidite tu strukturu danas.
04:30
The 20 arrondissements of Paris
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20 četvrti Parisa
04:32
are these little neighborhoods.
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su ova mala susjedstva.
04:33
Most of what people need in life can be
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Većina toga što ljudi trebaju u životu može biti
04:35
within a five- or 10-minute walk.
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unutar pet ili deset minuta hoda udaljeno.
04:38
And if you look at the data, when you have that kind
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I ako pogledate podatke, kada imate takvu vrstu
04:40
of a structure, you get a very even distribution
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strukture, dobijete vrlo ravnomjernu raspodjelu
04:43
of the shops and the physicians and the pharmacies
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trgovina i doktora i ljekarna
04:46
and the cafes in Paris.
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i kafića u Parizu.
04:48
And then you look at cities that evolved after
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I onda pogledate gradove koji su se razvili nakon
04:50
the automobile, and it's not that kind of a pattern.
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automobila i nemaju takav uzorak.
04:53
There's very little that's within a five minute walk
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Vrlo je malo toga unutar petominutne šetnje
04:55
of most areas of places like Pittsburgh.
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u većini zona mjesta kao što je Pittsburgh.
04:59
Not to pick on Pittsburgh, but most American cities
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Ne želim prozivati Pittsburgh, ali većina američkih gradova
05:01
really have evolved this way.
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se razvila na taj način.
05:04
So we said, we'll, let's look at new cities, and we're involved
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Stoga smo, pogledajmo nove gradove, uključeni u
05:08
in a couple of new city projects in China.
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nekoliko novih gradskih projekata u Kini.
05:11
So we said, let's start with that neighborhood cell.
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Rekli smo, počnimo s tim sustavom susjedstva.
05:13
We think of it as a compact urban cell.
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Zamišljamo ga kao kompaktni urbani sustav.
05:14
So provide most of what most people want
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Pružimo većinu toga što ljudi većinom žele
05:17
within that 20-minute walk.
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unutar 20-minutnog hoda.
05:18
This can also be a resilient electrical microgrid,
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Ovdje također može biti otporna električna mreža,
05:22
community heating, power, communication networks,
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grijanje za zajednicu, energija, komunikacijska mreža,
05:25
etc., can be concentrated there.
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itd. mogu biti koncentrirani tu.
05:28
Stewart Brand would put a micro-nuclear reactor
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Steward Brand bi stavio mikro-nuklearni reaktor
05:30
right in the center, probably. (Laughter)
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u sredinu, vjerojatno. (Smijeh)
05:32
And he might be right.
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I možda bi bio u pravu.
05:34
And then we can form, in effect, a mesh network.
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I onda možemo uspostaviti, zapravo, isprepletenu mrežu.
05:38
It's something of an Internet typology pattern,
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To je nešto poput tipologije internetskog uzorka,
05:41
so you can have a series of these neighborhoods.
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tako možete imati niz ovih susjedstava.
05:44
You can dial up the density -- about 20,000 people per cell
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Možete povećati gustoću – otprilike 20.000 ljudi po sustavu
05:46
if it's Cambridge. Go up to 50,000
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ako je Cambridge. Ići do 50.000
05:49
if it's Manhattan density. You connect everything
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ako je gustoća kao na Manhattanu.
05:51
with mass transit and you provide most of what most people
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Sve povežete masovnim prijevozom i omogućujete većinu toga što ljudi
05:54
need within that neighborhood.
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trebaju unutar tog susjedstva.
05:56
You can begin to develop a whole typology of streetscapes
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Možete početi razvijati cijelu tipologiju uličnih krajolika
06:00
and the vehicles that can go on them. I won't go through
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i vozila koja mogu ići po njima. Neću prolaziti kroz
06:03
all of them. I'll just show one.
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sve njih. Pokazat ću samo jedan.
06:06
This is Boulder. It's a great example of kind of a mobility
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Ovo je Boulder. Sjajan primjer vrste široke pokretljive
06:08
parkway, a superhighway for joggers and bicyclists
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ceste, veleprometnica za trkače i bicikliste
06:11
where you can go from one end of the city to the other
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gdje možete ići s jednog kraja grada na drugi
06:14
without crossing the street, and they also have bike-sharing,
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bez da prelazite cestu, i oni imaju dijeljenje bicikala,
06:19
which I'll get into in a minute.
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o čemu ću govoriti kasnije.
06:20
This is even a more interesting solution in Seoul, Korea.
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Ovo je još zanimljivije rješenje u Seoulu, Koreji.
06:23
They took the elevated highway, they got rid of it,
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Uzeli su povišenu autocestu, riješili je se,
06:26
they reclaimed the street, the river down below,
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regenerirali cestu, rijeku ispod ceste
06:30
below the street, and you can go from one end of Seoul
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i možete ići s jednog dijela Seoula
06:33
to the other without crossing a pathway for cars.
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u drugi bez prelaženja puta za aute.
06:37
The Highline in Manhattan is very similar.
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Highline na Manhattanu je vrlo sličan.
06:41
You have these rapidly emerging bike lanes
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Imate ove brzo pojavljujuće biciklističke staze
06:45
all over the world. I lived in Manhattan for 15 years.
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diljem svijeta. Živio sam na Manhattanu 15 godina.
06:48
I went back a couple of weekends ago, took this photograph
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Vratio sam se prije nekoliko vikenda i fotografirao ove
06:51
of these fabulous new bike lanes that they have installed.
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nevjerojatne biciklističke staze koje su postavili.
06:55
They're still not to where Copenhagen is, where something
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Još uvijek nisu na razini Kopenhagena gdje je
06:59
like 42 percent of the trips within the city
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otprilike 42 posto vožnji kroz grad
07:02
are by bicycle. It's mostly just because they have
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biciklom. To je uglavnom zato što imaju
07:04
fantastic infrastructure there.
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fantastičnu infrastrukturu tamo.
07:07
We actually did exactly the wrong thing in Boston.
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Zapravo smo napravili posve krivu stvar u Bostonu.
07:10
We -- the Big Dig -- (Laughter)
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Mi – Veliki Iskop – (Smijeh)
07:14
So we got rid of the highway but we created a traffic island
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Riješili smo se autoceste, ali smo napravili prometni otok
07:18
and it's certainly not a mobility pathway for anything
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i to sigurno nije pokretni prijelaz za išta
07:21
other than cars.
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drugo osim automobila.
07:23
Mobility on demand is something we've been thinking
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Pokretljivost na zahtjev je nešto o čemu smo razmišljali,
07:25
about, so we think we need an ecosystem
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stoga mislimo da trebamo ekosistem
07:27
of these shared-use vehicles connected to mass transit.
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ovih vozila sa zajedničkom upotrebom povezanih s masovnim prijevozom.
07:31
These are some of the vehicles that we've been working on.
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Ovo su neka od vozila na kojima smo radili.
07:34
But shared use is really key. If you share a vehicle,
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Ali zajednička upotreba je zapravo ključ. Ako dijelite vozilo,
07:37
you can have at least four people use one vehicle,
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možete dobiti barem četiri osobe koje koriste jedno vozilo
07:40
as opposed to one.
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naspram jedne.
07:42
We have Hubway here in Boston, the Vélib' system in Paris.
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Imamo Hubway ovdje u Bostonu, Vélib' sistem u Parizu.
07:47
We've been developing at the Media Lab this little
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Razvijali smo u Media Labu ovaj mali
07:51
city car that is optimized for shared use in cities.
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gradski auto koji je optimiziran za zajedničko korištenje u gradovima.
07:55
We got rid of all the useless things like engines
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Riješili smo se svih nepotrebnih stvari, kao što su motor,
07:58
and transmissions. We moved everything to the wheels,
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i prijenosa. Sve smo prebacili u kotače,
08:01
so you have the drive motor, the steering motor,
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stoga imate pogonski motor, upravljački motor
08:03
the breaking all in the wheel.
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i kočenje sve u kotačima.
08:05
That left the chassis unencumbered, so you can do things
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To je ostavilo postolje neopterećenim, stoga možete
08:07
like fold, so you can fold this little vehicle up
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raditi stvari kao što je slaganje, dakle možete složiti
08:10
to occupy a tiny little footprint.
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ovo malo vozilo tako da zauzima sićušni prostor.
08:14
This was a video that was on European television last week
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Ovo je video, koji je bio na europskoj televiziji prošli tjedan,
08:17
showing the Spanish Minister of Industry driving
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prikazuje španjolskog ministra industrije kako vozi
08:22
this little vehicle, and when it's folded, it can spin.
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ovo malo vozilo, a kada je složeno može se vrtjeti.
08:24
You don't need reverse. You don't need parallel parking.
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Ne treba vam rikverc. Ne treba vam paralelno parkiranje.
08:28
You just spin and go directly in. (Laughter)
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Samo se okrenete i direktno idete. (Smijeh)
08:31
So we've been working with a company to
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Radili smo s tvrtkom
08:33
commercialize this. My PhD student Ryan Chin presented
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kako bi to komercijalizirali. Moj doktorand Ryan Chin je predstavio
08:35
these early ideas two years ago at a TEDx conference.
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ove početne ideje prije dvije godine na TEDx konferenciji.
08:40
So what's interesting is, then if you begin to add
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Ono što je zanimljivo, ako počnete dodavati
08:44
new things to it, like autonomy, you get out of the car,
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nove stvari k tome, poput samostalnosti, izađete iz auta,
08:46
you park at your destination, you pat it on the butt,
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parkirate na svojoj destinaciji, potapšate ga po zadnjici,
08:49
it goes and it parks itself, it charges itself,
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on ode i parkira se, puni se,
08:52
and you can get something like seven times
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i možete dobiti otprilike sedam puta
08:54
as many vehicles in a given area as conventional cars,
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više vozila od konvecionalnih auta u danom području,
09:00
and we think this is the future. Actually we could do this today.
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i mi mislimo da je ovo budućnost. Zapravo bismo mogli ovo raditi danas.
09:02
It's not really a problem.
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Nije zapravo problem.
09:05
We can combine shared use and folding and autonomy
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Možemo spojiti zajedničku upotrebu i slaganje i autonomiju
09:09
and we get something like 28 times the land utilization
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i dobiti nešto kao 28 puta veću upotrebu prostora
09:11
with that kind of strategy.
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s tom vrstom strategije.
09:14
One of our graduate students then says, well,
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Jedan od naših diplomiranih učenika je zatim rekao:
09:16
how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians?
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Kako auto bez vozača komunicira sa pješacima?
09:20
You have nobody to make eye contact with.
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Nemate nikoga s kime biste uspostavili kontakt očima.
09:22
You don't know if it's going to run you over.
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Ne znate hoće li vas pregaziti.
09:23
So he's developing strategies so the vehicle can
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Stoga on razvija strategije kako bi vozilo moglo
09:26
communicate with pedestrians, so -- (Laughter)
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komunicirati s pješacima, dakle – (Smijeh)
09:30
So the headlights are eyeballs, the pupils can dilate,
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Prednja svjetla su očne jabučice, zjenice se mogu proširiti,
09:33
we have directional audio, we can throw sound
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imamo izravan zvuk, možemo bacati zvuk
09:35
directly at people.
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izravno na ljude.
09:37
What I love about this project is he solved a problem
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Ono što volim kod ovog projekta je to što on rješava problem
09:39
that hasn't, that doesn't exist yet, so -- (Laughter)
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koji nije, koji još ne postoji, dakle – (Smijeh)
09:43
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
09:45
We also think that we can democratize access to bike lanes.
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Također mislimo da možemo demokratizirati pristup biciklističkim stazama.
09:49
You know, bike lanes are mostly used by young guys
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Znate, biciklističke staze većinom koriste mladi muškarci
09:50
in stretchy pants, you know. So -- (Laughter)
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u rastezljivim hlačicama, znate. Stoga – (Smijeh)
09:54
We think we can develop a vehicle that operates
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Mislimo da možemo razviti vozilo koje prometuje
09:57
on bike lanes, accessible to elderly and disabled,
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na biciklističkim stazama, dostupno starijima i hendikepiranim,
10:00
women in skirts, businesspeople, and address the issues
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ženama u suknjama, poslovnim ljudima, i držati do pitanja
10:04
of energy congestion, mobility, aging and obesity
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energetske prenatrpanosti, pokretljivosti, starenja i pretilosti
10:07
simultaneously. That's our challenge.
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istovremeno. To je naš izazov.
10:09
This is an early design for this little three-wheel,
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Ovo je rani dizajn za ovo malo vozilo na tri kotača,
10:12
it's an electronic bike. You have to pedal
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to je elektronički bicikl. Morate pedalirati
10:15
to operate it in a bike lane, but if you're an older person,
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da biste njime upravljali na biciklističkoj stazi, ali ako ste starija osoba
10:19
that's a switch. If you're a healthy person,
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to je preokret. Ako ste zdrava osoba
10:22
you might have to work really hard to go fast.
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morali biste raditi vrlo jako da idete brzo.
10:24
You can dial in 40 calories going into work
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Možete utipkati 40 kalorija na putu do posla
10:26
and 500 going home, when you can take a shower.
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i 500 na putu doma, gdje se možete otuširati.
10:28
We hope to have that built this fall.
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Nadamo se da ćemo to izgraditi ove jeseni.
10:32
Housing is another area where we can really improve.
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Stanovanje je još jedno područje na kojem možemo dosta napredovati.
10:36
Mayor Menino in Boston says lack of affordable housing
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Gradonačelnik Menino u Bostonu kaže da je nedostatak pristupačnog stanovanja
10:40
for young people is one of the biggest problems
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za mlade ljude jedan od najvećih problema
10:43
the city faces.
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s kojima se gradovi susreću.
10:44
Developers say, okay, we'll build little teeny apartments.
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Graditelji kažu, u redu, napravit ćemo sitne male stanove.
10:47
People say, we don't really want to live in a little teeny
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Ljudi kažu, ne želimo zapravo živjeti u malim
10:50
conventional apartment.
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standardnim stanovima.
10:51
So we're saying let's build a standardized chassis,
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Stoga mi kažemo, izgradimo standardizirano postolje,
10:55
much like our car. Let's bring advanced technology
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slično našim autima. Dovedimo naprednu tehnologiju
10:59
into the apartment, technology-enabled infill,
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u stanove, ispunu omogućenu tehnologijom,
11:04
give people the tools within this open-loft chassis
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dajmo ljudima alat unutar ovih velikih prilagodljivih postolja
11:09
to go through a process of defining what their needs
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da prođu kroz proces definiranja njihovih potreba
11:11
and values and activities are, and then
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i vrijednosti i aktivnosti, i onda će
11:15
a matching algorithm will match a unique assembly
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odgovarajući algoritam složiti jedinstven sklop
11:18
of integrated infill components, furniture, and cabinetry,
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integriranih komponenata ispune, namještaja i elemenata
11:22
that are personalized to that individual, and they give them
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koji su personalizirani prema tom pojedincu i daju mu
11:26
the tools to go through the process and to refine it,
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alat kojim će to proći i preraditi,
11:28
and it's something like working with an architect,
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a to je nešto poput rada s arhitektom,
11:31
where the dialogue starts when you give an alternative
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gdje razgovor počinje kada date alternativu
11:35
to a person to react to.
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osobi kako bi reagirala na nju.
11:37
Now, the most interesting implementation of that for us
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Najzanimljivije ostvarenje toga za nas
11:43
is when you can begin to have robotic walls, so
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je što možete početi koristiti robotske zidove,
11:45
your space can convert from exercise to a workplace,
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stoga vam se prostor može pretvoriti iz mjesta za vježbu do mjesta za rad,
11:49
if you run a virtual company.
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ako vodite virtualnu tvrtku.
11:50
You have guests over, you have two guestrooms
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Imate goste, imate dvije gostinjske sobe
11:53
that are developed.
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koje mogu biti razvijene.
11:55
You have a conventional one-bedroom arrangement
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Imate konvencionalni raspored s jednom spavaćom sobom
11:59
when you need it. Maybe that's most of the time.
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kada ga trebate. Možda je to većinu vremena.
12:01
You have a dinner party. The table folds out
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Imate svečanu večeru. Stol se proširi
12:03
to fit 16 people in otherwise a conventional one-bedroom,
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tako da stane 16 ljudi u inače konvencionalnu spavaću
12:07
or maybe you want a dance studio.
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ili možda želite plesni studio.
12:09
I mean, architects have been thinking about these ideas
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Mislim, arhitekti su razmišljali o ovim idejama
12:11
for a long time. What we need to do now,
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jako dugo. Ono što sada trebamo napraviti je
12:14
develop things that can scale to those 300 million Chinese
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razviti stvari koje se mogu mjeriti s onih 300 milijuna Kineza
12:19
people that would like to live in the city,
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koji bi htjeli živjeti u gradu,
12:22
and very comfortably.
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i to vrlo ugodno.
12:24
We think we can make a very small apartment
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Mislimo da možemo napravili vrlo mali stan
12:27
that functions as if it's twice as big
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koji bi funkcionirao kao da je dvaput veći
12:29
by utilizing these strategies. I don't believe in smart homes.
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koristeći ove strategije. Ne vjerujem u pametne domove.
12:33
That's sort of a bogus concept.
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To je neka vrsta prividnog koncepta.
12:35
I think you have to build dumb homes
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Mislimo da moramo izgraditi glupe kuće
12:37
and put smart stuff in it. (Laughter)
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i staviti pametne stvari u njih. (Smijeh)
12:40
And so we've been working on a chassis of the wall itself.
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Radili smo na postolju samog zida.
12:47
You know, standardized platform with the motors
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Znate, standarna platforma s motorima
12:49
and the battery when it operates, little solenoids
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i baterijom pomoću koje radi, malim zavojnicama
12:52
that will lock it in place and get low-voltage power.
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koje bi ju zaključale na mjestu i dobile nisko voltažnu energiju.
12:55
We think this can all be standardized, and then people
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Mislimo da sve ovo može biti standardizirano i onda ljudi
12:58
can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall,
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mogu personalizirati stvari koje idu u taj zid
13:01
and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing
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i, poput auta, možemo uklopiti sve vrste senzora
13:04
to be aware of human activity, so if there's a baby or
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koji bi bili svjesni ljudske aktivnosti, stoga ako je dijete
13:07
a puppy in the way, you won't have a problem. (Laughter)
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ili psić na putu nećete imati problema. (Smijeh)
13:12
So the developers say, well this is great. Okay,
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Dakle izumitelji kažu, ovo je super. U redu,
13:15
so if we have a conventional building,
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ako imamo standardnu zgradu,
13:17
we have a fixed envelope, maybe we can put in 14 units.
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imamo nepromijenjiv omot, možda možemo staviti 14 odjeljaka.
13:21
If they function as if they're twice as big,
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Ako funkcioniraju kao da su dvostruko veći,
13:23
we can get 28 units in.
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možemo staviti 28 odjeljaka.
13:25
That means twice as much parking, though.
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Iako to znači duplo više parkiranja.
13:26
Parking's really expensive. It's about 70,000 dollars
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Parkiranje je vrlo skupo. Otprilike je 70.000 dolara
13:30
per space to build a conventional parking spot
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po prostoru za gradnju konvencionalnog parkirnog mjesta
13:33
inside a building.
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unutar zgrade.
13:34
So if you can have folding and autonomy,
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Ako možete imati slaganje i samostalnost
13:38
you can do that in one seventh of the space.
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možete to napraviti na jednoj sedmini prostora.
13:41
That goes down to 10,000 dollars per car,
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To se onda spušta na 10.000 dolara po autu,
13:43
just for the cost of the parking.
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samo za cijenu parkiranja.
13:44
You add shared use, and you can even go further.
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Ako dodate zajedničko korištenje, možete ići i dalje.
13:48
We can also integrate all kinds of advanced technology
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Također možemo uklopiti sve vrste napredne tehnologije
13:51
through this process. There's a path to market
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u ovaj proces. Postoji put na tržište za inovativne tvrtke
13:54
for innovative companies to bring technology into the home.
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da donesu tehnologiju u dom.
13:58
In this case, a project we're doing with Siemens,
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U ovom slučaju, projekt na kojem radimo sa Siemensom,
14:00
we have sensors on all the furniture, all the infill,
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imamo senzore na svom namještaju, svoj ispuni,
14:03
that understands where people are and what they're doing.
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koji razumiju gdje su ljudi i što rade.
14:05
Blue light is very efficient, so we have these tunable
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Plavo svijetlo je vrlo djelotvorno, stoga imamo ove podesive
14:08
24-bit LED lighting fixtures.
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24-bitne LED svjetlosne instalacije.
14:11
It recognizes where the person is, what they're doing,
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Prepoznaju gdje se osoba nalazi, što radi,
14:15
fills out the light when necessary to full spectrum white light,
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ispuni svjetlošću kada je potrebno s punim spektrom bijelog svijetla
14:19
and saves maybe 30, 40 percent in energy consumption,
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i štedi možda 30, 40 posto u energetskoj potrošnji,
14:25
we think, over even conventional state-of-the-art
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mislimo, čak i preko konvencionanog najmodernijeg
14:28
lighting systems.
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svjetlosnog sustava.
14:31
This just shows you the data that comes from the sensors
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Ovo samo pokazuje podatke koji dolaze iz senzora
14:34
that are embedded in the furniture.
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koji su uklopljeni u pokućstvo.
14:36
We don't really believe in cameras to do things in homes.
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Ne vjerujemo zapravo da kamere obavljaju stvari u domovima.
14:39
We think these little wireless sensors are more effective.
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Mislimo da su ovi mali bežični senzori djelotvorniji.
14:43
We think we can also personalize sunlight.
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Također mislimo da možemo personalizirati sunčevu svjetlost.
14:46
That's sort of the ultimate personalization in some ways.
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To je na neki način ultimativna personalizacija.
14:48
So we, we've looked at articulating mirrors of the facade
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Pogledali smo pokretna ogledala na pročelju
14:51
that can throw shafts of sunlight anywhere into the space,
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koja mogu bacati zrake svjetlosti bilo gdje u prostoru,
14:55
therefore allowing you to shade most of the glass
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na taj vam način omogućavajući da zasjenite većinu stakla
14:58
on a hot day like today.
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na vruć dan kao što je danas.
15:00
In this case, she picks up her phone, she can map
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U ovom slučaju, podigne telefon, može planirati
15:03
food preparation at the kitchen island to a particular
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pripremu hrane za kuhinjskim otokom na određenu
15:07
location of sunlight. An algorithm will keep it in that location
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poziciju svjetlosti. Algoritam će je zadržati na toj lokaciji
15:11
as long as she's engaged in that activity.
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dokle god je zaposlena u toj aktivnosti.
15:14
This can be combined with LED lighting as well.
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Ovo može biti usklađeno s LED rasvjetom također.
15:18
We think workplaces should be shared.
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Mislim da bi radno mjesto trebalo biti dijeljeno.
15:20
I mean, this is really the workplace of the future, I think.
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Mislim, ovo je doista radno mjesto budućnosti.
15:22
This is Starbucks, you know. (Laughter)
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Ovo je Starbucks, znate. (Smijeh)
15:24
Maybe a third — And you see everybody has their back
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Možda trećina – i vidite da svi imaju leđa okrenuta zidu
15:27
to the wall and they have food and coffee down the way
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i hranu i kavu na putu
15:29
and they're in their own little personal bubble.
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i svi su u svom malom osobnom mjehuru.
15:33
We need shared spaces for interaction and collaboration.
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Trebamo dijeljenje prostora za interakciju i suradnju.
15:35
We're not doing a very good job with that.
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Ne radimo vrlo dobar posao time.
15:38
At the Cambridge Innovation Center, you can have
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Na Cambridge centru za inovacije, možete imati
15:40
shared desks. I've spent a lot of time in Finland
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zajedničke stolove. Proveo sam mnogo vremena u Finskoj
15:43
at the design factory of Aalto University,
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u tvornici dizajna na Sveučilištu Aalto
15:46
where the they have a shared shop and shared Fablab,
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gdje imaju zajedničku trgovinu i zajednički Fablab,
15:49
shared quiet spaces,
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zajedničke mirne kutke,
15:51
electronics spaces,
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elektroničke prostore,
15:53
recreation places.
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rekreacijska mjesta.
15:55
We think ultimately all of this stuff can come together,
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Mislimo da se najzad sve ove stvari mogu spojiti,
15:59
a new model for mobility, a new model for housing,
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novi model za pokretljivost, novi model za stanovanje,
16:02
a new model for how we live and work,
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novi model za kako živimo i radimo,
16:05
a path to market for advanced technologies,
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put za tržište naprednim tehnologijama,
16:07
but in the end the main thing we need to focus on
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ali na kraju osnovno na što se moramo usredotočiti
16:10
are people. Cities are all about people.
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su ljudi. Gradovi su potpuno o ljudima.
16:12
They're places for people.
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Oni su mjesta za ljude.
16:14
There's no reason why we can't dramatically improve
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Nema razloga zašto ne bi dramatično povećali
16:16
the livability and creativity of cities like they've done
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kvalitetu življenja i kreativnost gradova kao što su napravili
16:19
in Melbourne with the laneways while
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u Melbourneu s prometnim trakama u isto vrijeme
16:23
at the same time dramatically reducing CO2 and energy.
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dramatično smanjujući CO2 i energiju.
16:27
It's a global imperative. We have to get this right.
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To je globalni imperativ. Moramo to napraviti kako treba.
16:31
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala vam. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Kent Larson - ArchitectKent Larson designs new technologies that solve the biggest questions facing our cities.
Why you should listen
Kent Larson has been the director of the MIT House_n research consortium in the School of Architecture and Planning since 1998 and is also the current director of the MIT Media Lab's Changing Places group. Both projects are dedicated to developing technologies that solve contemporary issues in the home, the workplace, and the city. Larson practiced architecture in New York City for 15 years and wrote for several architectural publications and the New York Times. In 2000, his book, Louis I. Kahn: Unbuilt Masterworks, was selected among the Ten Best Books in Architecture by the New York Times Review of Books. His current work has three focusses: responsive urban housing, ubiquitous technologies, and living lab experiments to test his group's designs in practical environments.
Kent Larson | Speaker | TED.com