TEDWomen 2018
Shad Begum: How women in Pakistan are creating political change
沙德·贝吉姆: 巴基斯坦女性如何创造政治变革
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积极分子沙德·贝吉姆（Shad Begum）花费毕生精力来赋能女性以完全发挥她们的潜能。在一个私人演讲中，她分享了自己用坚定的抗争以改善在巴基斯坦西北部深度宗教和保守社区的女性生活的故事，并且呼吁全球的女性寻找自己的政治声音。“我们必须为了自己的权益而站起来，而不是等待其他人来帮助我们。” 贝吉姆说到。
Shad Begum - Women's rights activist
Shad Begum is a women's rights activist working for the economic and political empowerment of women and youth in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in the northwest of Pakistan. Full bio
Shad Begum is a women's rights activist working for the economic and political empowerment of women and youth in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in the northwest of Pakistan. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
I'm here to tell you
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我在此想要给大家分享的是
00:15
how change is happening
at a local level in Pakistan,
at a local level in Pakistan,
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在巴基斯坦地方发生了怎样的变化，
00:19
because women are finding their place
in the political process.
in the political process.
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因为女性在政治进程中
找到了她们的位置。
找到了她们的位置。
00:24
I want to take you all on a journey
to the place I was raised,
to the place I was raised,
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我想带大家去一览我成长的地方，
00:29
northwest Pakistan, called Dir.
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巴基斯坦西北部，
一个叫做迪尔的地方。
一个叫做迪尔的地方。
00:32
Dir was founded in the 17th century.
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“迪尔”建立于17世纪。
00:36
It was a princely state
until its merger with Pakistan in 1969.
until its merger with Pakistan in 1969.
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在1969年与巴基斯坦合并之前，
它是个王权国家。
它是个王权国家。
00:41
Our prince, Nawab Shah Jahan,
reserved the right to wear white,
reserved the right to wear white,
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我们的王子纳瓦卜·沙迦罕
保留了穿白的权利，
保留了穿白的权利，
00:47
the color of honor, but only for himself.
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这种代表荣耀的颜色，
但只有他可以佩戴。
但只有他可以佩戴。
00:51
He didn't believe in educating his people.
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他不认同教育他的人民。
00:55
And at the time of my birth in 1979,
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在我出生的1979年，
00:58
only five percent of boys
and one percent of girls
and one percent of girls
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只有5%的男孩和1%的女孩
01:02
received any schooling at all.
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接受到了有限的校园教育。
01:06
I was one among that one percent.
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我就是那1%中的一员。
01:12
Growing up, I was very close to my father.
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在成长的过程中，我与
父亲的关系非常亲近。
父亲的关系非常亲近。
01:17
He is a pharmacy doctor,
and he sent me to school.
and he sent me to school.
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他是名药剂师，也是他
同意我送去学校上学。
同意我送去学校上学。
01:22
Every day, I would go to his clinic
when my lessons finished.
when my lessons finished.
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每天下课后我都会去他的诊所。
01:27
He's a wonderful man
and a well-respected community leader.
and a well-respected community leader.
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他是个了不起的男人，也是
个受人尊敬的社区领袖。
个受人尊敬的社区领袖。
01:32
He was leading a welfare organization,
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他领导了一个福利组织，
01:36
and I would go with him
to the social and political gatherings
to the social and political gatherings
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我会和他一起出席社交和政治集会
01:39
to listen and talk to the local men
about our social and economic problems.
about our social and economic problems.
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去倾听并与当地人讨论
我们的社会和经济问题。
我们的社会和经济问题。
01:44
However, when I was 16,
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然而，在我16岁时，
01:48
my father asked me to stop coming with him
to the public gatherings.
to the public gatherings.
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我父亲叫我停止和他
一起参与公共集会。
一起参与公共集会。
01:54
Now, I was a young woman,
and my place was in the home.
and my place was in the home.
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因为那时我已是一个年轻女人，
我的位置就是在家里。
我的位置就是在家里。
01:58
I was very upset.
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我那时非常烦躁。
02:01
But most of my family members,
they were happy with this decision.
they were happy with this decision.
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但是我家庭中的大多数人
却为此决定感到高兴。
却为此决定感到高兴。
02:05
It was very difficult for me
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对我而言，
02:07
to sit back in the home
and not be involved.
and not be involved.
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坐在家里而不参与任何事情
真的非常困难。
真的非常困难。
02:13
It took two years
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整整两年时间后，
02:16
that finally my family agreed
that my father could reconnect me
that my father could reconnect me
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我的家庭最终才同意
我爸爸可以重新让我
我爸爸可以重新让我
02:20
with women and girls,
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与其他妇女和女孩保持联系，
02:21
so they could share their problems
and together we could resolve them.
and together we could resolve them.
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这样她们就可以讲述她们的问题，
我们一起想办法解决。
我们一起想办法解决。
02:27
So, with his blessings,
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于是，得到这份恩赐，
02:29
I started to reconnect
with women and girls
with women and girls
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我开始和其他妇女和女孩重新联系，
02:33
so we could resolve
their problems together.
their problems together.
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这样我们就可以
一起解决她们的问题。
一起解决她们的问题。
02:37
When women show up,
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当妇女们出现时，
02:39
they bring their realities
and views with them.
and views with them.
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她们带着自身的现实和观点。
02:45
And yet, I have found all too often,
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然而，我多次发现，
02:49
women underestimate their own strength,
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妇女们低估了她们自身的力量，
02:51
their potential and their self-respect.
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她们的潜力和她们的自尊。
02:56
However, while connecting
with these women and girls,
with these women and girls,
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然后，在连接这些
妇女和女孩的同时，
妇女和女孩的同时，
03:00
it became very clear to me
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对我而言更加清楚的是，
03:02
that if there was to be any hope
to create a better life
to create a better life
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只要有任何希望可以给这些妇女
03:07
for these women and girls
and their families,
and their families,
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和女孩还有她们的家人
创造更好的生活，
创造更好的生活，
03:10
we must stand up for our own rights --
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我们就必须为自身的权利挺身而出——
03:13
and not wait for someone else
to come and help us.
to come and help us.
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而不是等待别人过来帮助我们。
03:18
So I took a huge leap of faith
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所以我在信仰上迈出了一大步，
03:22
and founded my own organization in '94
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在1994年建立了我自己的组织，
03:26
to create our very own platform
for women empowerment.
for women empowerment.
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创造了我们自己的妇女赋权平台。
03:31
I engaged many women and girls
to work with me.
to work with me.
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我邀请很多妇女和女孩
跟我一起工作。
跟我一起工作。
03:35
It was hard.
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这是个艰难的事情。
03:37
Many of the women working with me
had to leave once they got married,
had to leave once they got married,
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很多和我合作的女性
在结婚后不得不离开，
在结婚后不得不离开，
03:41
because their husbands
wouldn't let them work.
wouldn't let them work.
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因为她们的丈夫不会让她们再工作。
03:45
One colleague of mine
was given away by her family
was given away by her family
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我的一个同事曾被她的家人送人
03:49
to make amends for a crime
her brother had committed.
her brother had committed.
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用来尝还她兄弟犯下的过错。
03:55
I couldn't help her.
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我帮不到她。
03:57
And I felt so helpless at that time.
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我在那时感到如此的无助。
04:02
But it made me more determined
to continue my struggle.
to continue my struggle.
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但这件事情使我更加
坚决继续我的抗争。
坚决继续我的抗争。
04:08
I saw many practices like these,
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我看到过很多类似的案例，
04:11
where these women suffered silently,
bearing this brutality.
bearing this brutality.
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在这些案例中妇女默默承受，
忍耐着这种暴行。
忍耐着这种暴行。
04:16
But when I see a woman
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但是，当我看到一个女性
04:18
struggling to change her situation
instead of giving up,
instead of giving up,
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奋起改变她的境遇而不是放弃时，
04:23
it motivates me.
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它激励了我。
04:26
So I ran for a public office
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所以，我去竞选公职
04:30
as an independent candidate in Lower Dir
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在下迪尔区作为一个独立候选人
04:33
in the local elections in 2001.
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参与了2001年的地方级选举。
04:37
Despite all the challenges and hurdles
I faced throughout this process, I won.
I faced throughout this process, I won.
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在经历此过程的所有挑战
和障碍后，我胜利了。
和障碍后，我胜利了。
04:43
(Applause)
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（掌声）
04:49
And I served in the public
office for six years.
office for six years.
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我在这个公职上服务了6年时间。
04:54
But unfortunately,
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但不幸的是，
04:56
we women, elected women,
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我们女性，参选的女性，
04:58
we were not allowed to sit in the council
together with all the members
together with all the members
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我们不被允许与所有成员
一起坐在议会中，
一起坐在议会中，
05:04
and to take part in the proceedings.
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也不被允许参与议程。
05:08
We had to sit in a separate,
ladies-only room,
ladies-only room,
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我们不得不单独坐在
只为女性准备的屋子里，
只为女性准备的屋子里，
05:11
not even aware what
was happening in the council.
was happening in the council.
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甚至连议会中发生什么都不知道。
05:16
Men told me
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男人们告诉我
05:19
that, "You women, elected women members,
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说，“你们女人，当选的妇女成员
05:23
should buy sewing machines for women."
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应该为女性购买缝纫机。”
05:27
When I knew what they needed the most
was access to clean drinking water.
was access to clean drinking water.
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当我知道她们最需要的
是获得清洁饮用水时。
是获得清洁饮用水时。
05:33
So I did everything I could do
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我做了能做的一切
05:36
to prioritize the real challenges
these women faced.
these women faced.
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来提高这些女性面临的
真正挑战的优先级。
真正挑战的优先级。
05:41
I set up five hand pumps
in the two dried up wells in my locality.
in the two dried up wells in my locality.
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我在当地干涸的两口水井中
架设了五个手动泵，
架设了五个手动泵，
05:48
Well, we got them working again.
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让它们能够再次工作起来。
05:53
Before long, we made water accessible
for over 5,000 families.
for over 5,000 families.
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不久后，我们让超过5000户
的家庭都能获得水源。
的家庭都能获得水源。
05:59
We proved that anything the men could do,
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我们证明了男人能做的任何事情，
06:02
so could we women.
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我们女人也能做。
06:05
I built alliances
with other elected women members,
with other elected women members,
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我与其他参选女性成员构建联盟，
06:09
and last year,
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并且在去年，
06:10
we women were allowed to sit together
with all the members in the council.
with all the members in the council.
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我们女性在议会中也被允许
与其他成员一起就坐。
与其他成员一起就坐。
06:15
(Applause)
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（掌声）
06:23
And to take part in the legislation
and planning and budgeting,
and planning and budgeting,
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并且参与到了立法，计划和预算
06:30
in all the decisions.
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所有的决策中来。
06:33
I saw there is strength in numbers.
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我看到了人多力量大。
06:36
You know yourselves.
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你清楚你自己。
06:38
Lack of representation
means no one is fighting for you.
means no one is fighting for you.
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缺少代表权就意味着没人为你而战。
06:43
Pakistan is --
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巴基斯坦——
06:45
We're 8,000 miles away
from where I'm here with you today.
from where I'm here with you today.
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距我今天和诸位同在的地方
有8000公里远。
有8000公里远。
06:52
But I hope what I'm about to tell you
will resonate with you,
will resonate with you,
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但是我希望我讲述的东西
能够引起诸位的共鸣，
能够引起诸位的共鸣，
06:57
though we have this big distance
in miles and in our cultures.
in miles and in our cultures.
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尽管我们在地理位置和文化上
有如此大的距离。
有如此大的距离。
07:04
When women show up,
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当妇女们出现时，
07:05
they bring the realities and hopes
of half a population with them.
of half a population with them.
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她们带来了一半人口的现实和希望。
07:12
In 2007, we saw the rise of the Taliban
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在2007年，我们看到塔利班在
07:18
in Swat, Dir and nearby districts.
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斯瓦塔，迪尔和附近区域的兴起。
07:23
It was horrifying.
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这很恐怖。
07:25
The Taliban killed innocent people.
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塔利班在杀害无辜的人们，
07:30
Almost every day,
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几乎每天，
07:32
people collected the dead bodies
of their loved ones from the streets.
of their loved ones from the streets.
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人们都要从街上收集亲人的尸体。
07:36
Most of the social and political leaders
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大多数为改善其社区
07:39
struggling and working
for the betterment of their communities
for the betterment of their communities
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而奋斗努力的社会和政治领导人
07:42
were threatened and targeted.
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都遭受到威胁，成为了攻击目标。
07:46
Even I had to leave,
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甚至我也不得不离开，
07:48
leaving my children
behind with my in-laws.
behind with my in-laws.
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把我的孩子留给岳父母抚养。
07:54
I closed my office in Dir
and relocated to Peshawar,
and relocated to Peshawar,
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我关闭了迪尔的办公室，
在我们的省会白沙瓦
在我们的省会白沙瓦
08:00
the capital of my province.
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重新开张。
08:03
I was in trauma,
kept thinking what to do next.
kept thinking what to do next.
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我在创伤之中，
不断思考着接下来要做什么。
不断思考着接下来要做什么。
08:09
And most of the family members and friends
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大部分家庭成员和朋友
08:13
were suggesting, "Shad, stop working.
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都在建议 “沙德，停止工作吧。
08:17
The threat is very serious."
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威胁很严重。”
08:20
But I persisted.
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但我依然坚持着。
08:24
In 2009, we experienced a historic influx
of internally displaced persons,
of internally displaced persons,
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在2009年，我们遭遇了国内
流离失所者的历史性涌入，
流离失所者的历史性涌入，
08:31
from Swat, Dir and other nearby districts.
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他们来自斯瓦塔，迪尔
和其他附近的区域。
和其他附近的区域。
08:35
I started visiting the camps
almost every day,
almost every day,
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我几乎每一天都在拜访这些难民营，
08:40
until the internally displaced persons
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知道这些国内的流民
08:42
started to go back
to their place of origin.
to their place of origin.
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开始回到他们原来的属地。
08:45
I established four mother-child
health care units,
health care units,
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我创立了四个母婴护理单元，
08:50
especially to take care of
over 10,000 women and children
over 10,000 women and children
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专门用来照顾难民营
附近超过 1 万个
附近超过 1 万个
08:54
nearby the camps.
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女性和儿童。
08:57
But you know, during
all these visits,
all these visits,
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然而，在这些造访过程中，
09:02
I observed that there was very little
attention towards women's needs.
attention towards women's needs.
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我发现人们很少关注女性的需求。
09:08
And I was looking for
what is the reason behind it.
what is the reason behind it.
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然后我寻找这个现象背后的原因。
09:11
And I found it was because
of the underrepresentation of women
of the underrepresentation of women
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我发现是女性代表数量不足造成的，
09:16
in both social and political platforms,
in our society as a whole.
in our society as a whole.
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这个现象存在于社交和政治平台，
我们的整个社会中。
我们的整个社会中。
09:21
And that was the time when I realized
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就是在那个时候我意识到
09:25
that I need to narrow down my focus
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我需要把关注点聚拢到
09:27
on building and strengthening
women's political leadership
women's political leadership
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构建和加强女性的政治领导权上，
09:32
to increase their
political representation,
political representation,
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以提升她们的政治代表度，
09:34
so they would have their own
voice in their future.
voice in their future.
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以便她们能够
在未来拥有自己的声音。
在未来拥有自己的声音。
09:38
So we started training around 300
potential women and youth
potential women and youth
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所以我们开始培训大概300名
有潜力的女性和年轻人
有潜力的女性和年轻人
09:42
for the upcoming local elections in 2015.
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以迎接2015年即将到来的当地选举。
09:47
And you know what?
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大家知道吗？
09:49
Fifty percent of them won.
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她们中的一半人取得了成功。
09:51
(Applause)
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（掌声）
09:58
And they are now sitting in the councils,
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她们现在坐在议会中，
10:02
taking part actively in the legislation,
planning and budgeting.
planning and budgeting.
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积极参与着立法，计划和预算业务。
10:09
Most of them are now investing their funds
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她们大多数人正在把自己的资金
10:12
on women's health, education,
skill development and safe drinking water.
skill development and safe drinking water.
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投资在妇女健康，教育，
技能发展和健康饮水上。
技能发展和健康饮水上。
10:18
All these elected women now
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所有这些当选的女性现在
10:20
share, discuss and resolve
their problems together.
their problems together.
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分享，讨论并且一起
解决着她们的问题。
解决着她们的问题。
10:25
Let me tell you about two
of the women I have been working with:
of the women I have been working with:
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我给各位讲述下与我一起合作
的两位女性的故事吧：
的两位女性的故事吧：
10:29
Saira Shams.
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塞拉·秀慕斯。
10:31
You can see, this young lady, age 26,
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你们可以看到这位26岁的年轻的女士，
10:35
she ran for a public office in 2015
in Lower Dir, and she won.
in Lower Dir, and she won.
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她在2015年竞选了一个下迪尔
的公职，并且她胜利了。
的公职，并且她胜利了。
10:42
She completed two of the community
infrastructure schemes.
infrastructure schemes.
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她完成了两个社区的基础设施方案。
10:45
You know, women, community
infrastructure schemes ...
infrastructure schemes ...
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女性，社区基础设施方案——
10:51
Some people think this is men's job.
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有人认为这是男人的工作。
10:55
But no, this is women's job,
too, we can do it.
too, we can do it.
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但不，这也是女性的工作，
我们可以做的。
我们可以做的。
10:59
And she also fixed two of the roads
leading towards girls schools,
leading towards girls schools,
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她甚至修复了通往
女子学校的两条道路，
女子学校的两条道路，
11:05
knowing that without access
to these schools,
to these schools,
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因为她知道如果无法访问
这些学校的话，
这些学校的话，
11:07
they are useless to the girls of Dir.
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它们对于迪尔的
女孩子就是没用的。
女孩子就是没用的。
11:11
And another young woman is Asma Gul.
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另外一个年轻女性是阿斯玛·居尔。
11:14
She is a very active member
of the young leaders forum we established.
of the young leaders forum we established.
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她是我们创建时
就非常活跃的年轻领袖。
就非常活跃的年轻领袖。
11:19
She was unable to run
for the public office,
for the public office,
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她没能竞选到公职。
11:23
so she has become the first
female journalist of our region.
female journalist of our region.
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所以她成为了我们区域
的第一位女性记者。
的第一位女性记者。
11:29
She speaks and writes for women's
and girls' issues and their rights.
and girls' issues and their rights.
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她为女性和女孩的问题及权利
而演讲和写作。
而演讲和写作。
11:35
Saira and Asma,
they are the living examples
they are the living examples
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秀妮儿和阿斯玛，她们都是
11:39
of the importance of inclusion
and representation.
and representation.
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参与度和代表的重要性
的鲜活的例子。
的鲜活的例子。
11:44
Let me tell you this, too.
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让我再告诉大家一件事情。
11:47
In the 2013 general elections in Pakistan
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在2013年巴基斯坦的普选
11:49
and the local elections in 2015,
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和2015年的地区选举中，
11:54
there were less than 100
women voters in Dir.
women voters in Dir.
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在迪尔只有不到100位女性投票人。
11:58
But you know what?
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但是你们知道吗？
12:00
I'm proud to tell you that this year,
during the general elections,
during the general elections,
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我很骄傲地告诉各位，
在今年的普选中
在今年的普选中
12:04
there were 93,000 women voters in Dir.
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迪尔区有93000名女性投票人了。
12:08
(Applause)
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（掌声）
12:16
So our struggle is far from over.
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我们的抗争还远没有结束。
12:19
But this shift is historic.
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但是这一转变却是历史性的。
12:22
And a sign that women are standing up,
showing up and making it absolutely clear
showing up and making it absolutely clear
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它是一个符号，表明女性正在
挺身而出，并且确认了
挺身而出，并且确认了
12:28
that we all must invest
in building women's leadership.
in building women's leadership.
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一件清晰的事情，那就是我们
必须投资于建设女性领导权。
必须投资于建设女性领导权。
12:37
In Pakistan and here in the United States,
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在巴基斯坦，美国
12:41
and everywhere in the world,
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和全世界的每一个地方，
12:43
this means women in politics,
women in business
women in business
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这意味着政治上的女性，生意场上的女性
12:47
and women in positions of power
making important decisions.
making important decisions.
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还有身处权位的女性，在做着重要的决定。
12:54
It took me 23 years to get here.
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我花费了23年时间才到这里。
13:00
But I don't want any girl or any woman
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但是我不想任何女孩或者任何女性
13:02
to take 23 years of her life
to make herself heard.
to make herself heard.
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需要花费她生命中的23年
才让自己的声音被倾听。
才让自己的声音被倾听。
13:08
I have had some dark days.
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我曾有过一些黑暗的日子。
13:12
But I have spent
every waking moment of my life
every waking moment of my life
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但是我把我生命中的
每一个清醒的时刻
每一个清醒的时刻
13:16
working for the right of every woman
to live her full potential.
to live her full potential.
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用在为每一个女性完全发挥她们
的潜能而争取权利的工作上。
的潜能而争取权利的工作上。
13:21
Imagine with me a world
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跟我一起想象一个世界，
13:25
where thousands of us stand up
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在那里，有数以千计的人站起来，
13:29
and they support
other young women together,
other young women together,
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一起支持其他年轻女性，
13:33
creating opportunities and choices
that benefit all.
that benefit all.
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去创建能够让所有人
受益的机会和选择。
受益的机会和选择。
13:39
And that, my friends,
can change the world.
can change the world.
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朋友们，只有那样，才能改变世界。
13:44
Thank you.
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谢谢。
13:45
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shad Begum - Women's rights activistShad Begum is a women's rights activist working for the economic and political empowerment of women and youth in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a province in the northwest of Pakistan.
Why you should listen
Deeply influenced by the social inequalities around her and inspired by her father's social work in her early years, Shad Begum has become a nationally and internationally known figure because of her determined struggle to improve the conditions of the marginalized segments, especially women, of her community in the northwest of Pakistan -- a deeply religious and conservative area where Taliban publicly execute men and women for nonconformity to their version of Islam. Begum is the founder and executive director of the nonprofit Association for Behaviour & Knowledge Transformation (ABKT), an organization working toward the economic and political empowerment of communities in underserved areas of Pakistan. Her organization was uprooted during the Taliban takeover in Swat due to massive displacement of people in 2009-2010. Against enormous odds, her resilience kept ABKT alive.
Begum previously worked with the UN Human Settlements Program as a consultant for the Building Gender Ladder Project as well as with UNDP's Women Political Participation Program. To encourage women at the grassroots level, she contested local elections in 2001 as an independent candidate and served as councilor for five years in Dir Lower. Begum is an Ashoka fellow, a Reagan-Fascell Democracy Fellow at National Endowment for Democracy and an Acumen Fellow. She won the US Department of State's International Woman of Courage Award in 2012.
Shad Begum | Speaker | TED.com