TED@State
Jacqueline Novogratz: A third way to think about aid
杰奎琳·诺沃格拉茨：“援助”思考的第三极
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Readability: 4.4
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国际援助的存在使笃信慈善组织的人和笃信市场经济的人产生了持久的争论。然而杰奎琳·诺沃格拉茨则提出了一条中庸之道，并且提供了一些企业创新推动社会变革的例子。
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadership
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Jacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Clearly, we're living in a moment of crisis.
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显然我们处在一个满是危机的时刻。
00:19
Arguably the financial markets have failed us
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现时的金融市场可以说是使我们失望的，
00:22
and the aid system is failing us,
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同时这个援助体系也使我们失望。
00:25
and yet I stand firmly with the optimists
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但是我坚决地站在乐观者的一边
00:28
who believe that there has probably never been a more exciting moment to be alive.
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因为乐观者们都坚信这可能是我们生命中最令人兴奋的时刻。
00:31
Because of some of technologies we've been talking about.
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由于我们现正谈论的科技。
00:34
Because of the resources, the skills,
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由于现有的资源，以及技艺，
00:36
and certainly the surge of talent we're seeing all around the world,
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当然还有世界各地涌现的各种各样的人才们，
00:39
with the mindset to create change.
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以及他们具有的进行变革的决心。
00:42
And we've got a president who sees himself as a global citizen,
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而且我们还拥有一位视己为世界一份子的总统，
00:47
who recognizes that no longer is there a single superpower,
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并且认识到全球不再仅有一个超级大国，
00:50
but that we've got to engage in a different way with the world.
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但是我们需要用一种全新的方式与世界进行衔接。
00:53
And by definition, every one of you who is in this room
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从字面义上讲，在这屋子里面的所有人
00:57
must consider yourself a global soul,
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一定要把自己当做全球的一份子，
00:59
a global citizen.
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当做全球公民。
01:01
You work on the front lines. And you've seen the best and the worst
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你们都是一线工作者。你们也看见过人性中
01:03
that human beings can do for one another and to one another.
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最美好与最悲戚的画面。
01:07
And no matter what country you live or work in,
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不管你是在那个国家工作或居住，
01:09
you've also seen the extraordinary things that individuals are capable of,
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你们都应该见过人所能承受的极限，
01:13
even in their most ordinariness.
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即使是在最普通的人的身上。
01:16
Today there is a raging debate
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今时正有一场辩论在迅速蔓延
01:19
as to how best we lift people out of poverty,
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是关于怎样最好的将人们从贫困中拯救出来，
01:23
how best we release their energies.
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怎样帮助他们最好地发挥他们的潜能。
01:25
On the one hand, we have people that say
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一方面，有人认为
01:27
the aid system is so broken we need to throw it out.
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援助体系已濒崩溃，所以我们应将之抛弃。
01:30
And on the other we have people who say
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另一方面，则认为
01:32
the problem is that we need more aid.
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问题的根结是需要更多的援助。
01:34
And what I want to talk about is something that compliments both systems.
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而我想谈论的是一个同时对双方进行赞美的事物。
01:38
We call it patient capital.
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我称它为耐心资本。
01:40
The critics point to the 500 billion dollars spent
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批评者们指出自从1970年来
01:43
in Africa since 1970
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（美国政府）在非洲已经花费了五千亿美元
01:46
and say, and what do we have but environmental degradation
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但是现有的状况只是环境的恶化
01:49
and incredible levels of poverty, rampant corruption?
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以及令人难以置信的贫困水平。这是由于猖獗的腐败现象么？
01:53
They use Mobutu as metaphor.
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他们用蒙博托来谕指造成现状的原因。
01:56
And their policy prescription is to
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他们对于现在的政策所用的药方是
02:00
make government more accountable,
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增强政府的责任心，
02:02
focus on the capital markets,
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把重点放在资本市场，
02:04
invest, don't give anything away.
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投资，但不进行任何援助。
02:07
On the other side, as I said, there are those who say
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另一面，正如我所说，有些人在宣讲
02:09
the problem is that we need more money.
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问题的根结是需要更多的金钱。
02:11
That when it comes to the rich, we'll bail out
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他们希望富人们能帮助穷困人口脱离困境，
02:14
and we'll hand a lot of aid,
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并且给予大量金钱援助。
02:16
but when it comes to our poor brethren,
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但谈到我们贫穷的同胞的时候，
02:18
we want little to do with it.
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他们只希望给予零星的援助。
02:20
They point to the successes of aid:
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他们指出了假如援助成功的结果：
02:22
the eradication of smallpox,
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天花的根除，
02:24
and the distribution of tens of millions
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以及数以百万的预防疟疾的蚊帐
02:27
of malaria bed nets and antiretrovirals.
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和抗逆转录的病毒药物的分配。
02:31
Both sides are right.
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双方的观点都是对的。
02:33
And the problem is that neither side is listening to the other.
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但问题的根结在于双方都各执己见。
02:36
Even more problematic, they're not listening to
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而更为严重的问题是，他们根本没有倾听
02:39
poor people themselves.
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穷苦人们的心声。
02:41
After 25 years of working on issues of
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经过25年工作在有关
02:43
poverty and innovation,
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贫穷和创新的问题上，
02:45
it's true that there are probably no more market-oriented
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我知道了，在这个星球上，没有任何个体
02:49
individuals on the planet
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所受的市场导向的影响，
02:51
than low-income people.
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会比低收入人群更强。
02:53
They must navigate markets daily,
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他们每天必须为市场导航，
02:56
making micro-decisions, dozens and dozens,
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并且做出一打又一打的细小的决定，
02:59
to move their way through society,
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来使他们在社会中存活下来。
03:01
and yet if a single catastrophic health problem
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但是假如一次灾难性的健康问题
03:04
impacts their family,
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降临到他们的家庭上，
03:06
they could be put back into poverty, sometimes for generations.
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他们就会重新回到贫困线上，有时甚至会是几代的影响。
03:10
And so we need both the market
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所以我们同时需要市场
03:12
and we need aid.
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和援助。
03:15
Patient capital works between,
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而耐心资本则在两者中间活动，
03:18
and tries to take the best of both.
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并且尽己所能来使双方达到最好的成效。
03:20
It's money that's invested in entrepreneurs who know their communities
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是熟知当地的企业家们投入的资金
03:23
and are building solutions
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在建立解决医疗保健、净水资源
03:25
to healthcare, water, housing, alternative energy,
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住房问题，和能源替代的方法，
03:28
thinking of low income people not as passive recipients of charity,
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以及不能把低收入人群看作是慈善的被动接受者，
03:33
but as individual customers, consumers, clients,
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而得当作是个体的客户、消费者、顾客，
03:36
people who want to make decisions in their own lives.
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和想把握自己的命运的人们。
03:39
Patient capital requires that we have
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使用这笔耐心资本需要我们拥有
03:41
incredible tolerance for risk,
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会冒风险的无畏心态，
03:44
a long time horizon in terms of allowing those
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允许当地的企业家们有足够的时间
03:46
entrepreneurs time to experiment,
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来进行试验，
03:48
to use the market as the best listening device that we have,
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使市场成为我们最好的倾听民声的设施，
03:52
and the expectation of below-market returns,
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以及预料到低于市场的回报，
03:55
but outsized social impact.
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但造成巨大的社会影响。
03:58
It recognizes that the market has its limitation,
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它意识到市场有其局限性。
04:01
and so patient capital also works
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所以耐心资本也同时着力于
04:04
with smart subsidy to extend the benefits of a global economy
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有力的补贴来增加全球经济的利润，
04:07
to include all people.
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以包括所有人员。
04:09
Now, entrepreneurs need patient capital
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现在，有三个原因使企业家们
04:11
for three reasons.
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需要这笔耐心资本。
04:13
First, they tend to work in markets
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第一，他们倾向于在市场中运作
04:15
where people make one, two, three dollars a day
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哪里人们每天会挣得一块、两块或三块
04:17
and they are making all of their decisions within that income level.
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而且他们所作的决定都是有关那个薪金阶层的人们。
04:21
Second, the geographies in which they work
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第二，企业家们所在的地方的
04:23
have terrible infrastructure --
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基础建设都极差。
04:25
no roads to speak of, sporadic electricity
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没有道路可言，缺少电力，
04:27
and high levels of corruption.
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并存在严重的腐败现象。
04:31
Third, they are often creating markets.
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第三，他们经常创造市场。
04:33
Even if you're bringing clean water
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即使你是第一次将净水
04:35
for the first time into rural villages, it is something new.
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带入乡村，这就是新的东西。
04:38
And so many low-income people
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而且很多低收入的人们
04:40
have seen so many failed promises broken
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已经经历过多次承诺的破灭，
04:44
and seen so many quacks and sporadic medicines offered to them
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并且体验过众多的庸医们治疗和目视过稀少的药品援助，
04:48
that building trust takes a lot of time,
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所以要得到他们的信任需要很长时间，
04:51
takes a lot of patience.
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和许多的耐心。
04:53
It also requires being connected to a lot of management assistance.
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这一般也需要依靠诸多的管理援助。
04:57
Not only to build the systems,
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假如我们希冀能达到预想的规模，那么我们
04:59
the business models that allow us
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不仅仅是要建立一个可以使我们持续与
05:01
to reach low income people in a sustainable way,
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低收入人群接触的行业模式体系，
05:03
but to connect those business
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也要与其他的行业，
05:05
to other markets, to governments, to corporations --
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其他的市场、政府、公司有联系，
05:08
real partnerships if we want to get to scale.
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来建立真诚的伙伴关系。
05:12
I want to share one story
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我想在此分享一则
05:14
about an innovation called drip irrigation.
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有关一个创新成果-滴灌的小故事。
05:16
In 2002 I met this incredible entrepreneur
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在2002年，我与一位来自印度的
05:19
named Amitabha Sadangi from India,
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神奇的企业家艾米挞巴·萨丹吉会面，
05:22
who'd been working for 20 years with some of the poorest farmers on the planet.
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他已经有20年与世界上最贫穷的一群农民们的经验。
05:26
And he was expressing his frustration
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他向我表达了他关于市场援助
05:28
that the aid market had bypassed low-income farmers altogether,
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直接绕过了这些低收入的农民们的沮丧，
05:31
despite the fact that 200 million farmers
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尽管在印度，有两亿的农民
05:33
alone in India make under a dollar a day.
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每天最多只能挣到一美元。
05:36
They were creating subsidies
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他们的企业创立的津贴
05:38
either for large farms,
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是给大农场使用，
05:40
or they were giving inputs to the farmers
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或者直接投入给农民们
05:42
that they thought they should use, rather than
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因为他们认为农民需要这笔津贴，
05:44
that the farmers wanted to use.
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而不是农民们想要用这笔津贴。
05:46
At the same time Amitabha was
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同时艾米挞巴
05:48
obsessed with this drip irrigation technology
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正痴迷于在以色列发明的
05:51
that had been invented in Israel.
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滴灌技术。
05:54
It was a way of bringing small amounts of water
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滴灌是一种将少量的水
05:57
directly to the stalk of the plant.
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直接灌溉在植物的根茎的技术。
05:59
And it could transform
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并且可以将延绵的沙漠
06:01
swaths of desert land into fields of emerald green.
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转变成满目的翠绿。
06:04
But the market also had bypassed low income farmers,
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不过市场再次绕过了这群低收入的农民们。
06:08
because these systems were both too expensive,
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不仅因为滴灌系统的建设费用太高
06:10
and they were constructed for fields that were too large.
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也是因为这个系统是为大面积的土地而设的。
06:13
The average small village farmer
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而小村庄里，农民所有的
06:15
works on two acres or less.
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土地的面积平均只有两英亩或更少。
06:18
And so, Amitabha decided that he would take that innovation
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因此艾米挞巴决定他将要承接这个创新发明
06:21
and he would redesign it from the perspective
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并且要为贫困的农民们
06:23
of the poor farmers themselves,
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重新设计一个适合他们的滴灌系统。
06:25
because he spent so many years listening to what they needed
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因为他多年来都在倾听农民们的心声
06:28
not what he thought that they should have.
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而不是他设想农民需要什么。
06:30
And he used three fundamental principles.
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他选用了三种基础的原则来改进这个发明。
06:32
The first one was miniaturization.
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第一点，是小型化。
06:35
The drip irrigation system
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新的滴灌系统
06:37
had to be small enough that a farmer only had
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需要足够小使农民们
06:39
to risk a quarter acre,
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只需要用¼英亩的田地来冒险，
06:42
even if he had two,
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即使他有两英亩，
06:44
because it was too frightening, given all that he had at stake.
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因为一次性将身家都赌上的风险太高了。
06:47
Second, it had to be extremely affordable.
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第二点，它的价格需要极其低廉。
06:51
In other words, that risk on the quarter acre
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就是说，冒的风险
06:54
needed to be repaid in a single harvest,
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需要在一个年成里偿还。
06:57
or else they wouldn't take the risk.
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要不，他们不会冒这个风险。
06:59
And third, it had to be what Amitabha calls
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第三点，艾米挞巴称之为
07:01
infinitely expandable.
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无限拓展性。
07:03
What I mean is with the profits from the first quarter acre,
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意即农民们可以用从第一个¼英亩土地收获的利润，
07:06
the farmers could buy a second
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来买第二个¼英亩的土地，
07:08
and a third and a fourth.
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以及第三个，第四个...
07:10
As of today, IDE India, Amitabha's organization,
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截至今日，艾米挞巴所有的机构 IDE India，
07:13
has sold over 300,000 farmers these systems
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已经向超过三十万农民们贩售这个系统
07:16
and has seen their yields and incomes
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并且目睹了他们比平均水平高的
07:18
double or triple on average,
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两倍的或三倍的增产和增收。
07:20
but this didn't happen overnight.
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不过，罗马非一日建成。
07:23
In fact, when you go back to the beginning,
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事实上，当你回望起点，
07:25
there were no private investors
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没有私人投资者
07:27
who would be willing to take a risk on building a new technology
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愿意为这个世界上
07:30
for a market class that made under a dollar a day,
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最讨厌冒风险的市场阶级
07:33
that were known to be some of the most risk-averse people on the planet
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就是日收入低于一元的人群来冒这个风险，
07:36
and that were working in one of the riskiest sectors, agriculture.
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并且是在风险最大的农业方面涉险。
07:40
And so we needed grants. And he used significant grants
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所以他需要捐款。他用这笔重大的资助
07:43
to research, to experiment, to fail,
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进行探索，实验，创新，
07:46
to innovate and try again.
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历验失败并且再接再厉。
07:48
And when he had a prototype
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当他做出模型
07:51
and had a better understanding of how to market to farmers,
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并且更加懂得如何将这件物品推销给农民的时候，
07:54
that's when patient capital could come in.
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这就是耐心资本的流入时机。
07:56
And we helped him build a company, for profit,
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而我们则助他建立起一依靠IDE的知识的
07:59
that would build on IDE's knowledge,
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利润型公司，
08:02
and start looking at sales and exports,
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和开始关注销售和出口，
08:04
and be able to tap into other kinds of capital.
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以及使用其他的资金。
08:08
Secondarily, we wanted to see if we could export
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其次，我们设想是否可以
08:11
this drip irrigation and bring it into other countries.
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将新的滴灌系统出口至其它国家。
08:14
And so we met Dr. Sono Khangharani in Pakistan.
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所以我们与巴基斯坦的索诺·汉赫拉尼博士会面。
08:18
And while, again, you needed patience
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将新型技术引入给
08:20
to move a technology for the poor
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印度的穷苦人家们是需要时间的，
08:22
in India into Pakistan,
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同样的，引入巴基斯坦也需要时间，
08:24
just to get the permits,
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就只是为了获得准许，
08:26
over time we were able to start a company
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一段时间后，我们得以和已在巴基斯坦
08:29
with Dr. Sono, who runs a large
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最偏僻贫穷的塔尔沙漠里
08:31
community development organization in the Thar Desert,
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设有社区发展组织的索诺博士
08:34
which is one of the remote and poorest areas of the country.
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共同建立一个公司。
08:37
And though that company has just started,
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虽然这间公司刚刚开张，
08:39
our assumption is that there too
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但我们臆测这间公司
08:41
we'll see the impact on millions.
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能影响千万的穷苦民众们。
08:44
But drip irrigation isn't the only innovation.
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不过滴灌系统不是仅有的创新发明。
08:46
We're starting to see these happening all around the world.
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我们开始可以在世界范围里见到这些事情的发生。
08:49
In Arusha, Tanzania, A to Z Textile Manufacturing
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在坦桑尼亚的阿鲁沙市，A to Z纺织厂
08:54
has worked in partnership with us,
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着手和联合国基金会、全球基金
08:56
with UNICEF, with the Global Fund,
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以及我的组织，
08:58
to create a factory that now employs 7,000 people, mostly women.
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共同建设一个可雇用7000工人，大部分是女性的工厂。
09:01
And they produce 20 million lifesaving bednets
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他们已为全球的非洲人
09:03
for Africans around the world.
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生产了两千万套救生蚊帐。
09:07
Lifespring Hospital
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源泉医院
09:09
is a joint venture between Acumen and the government of India
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是安康盟基金和印度政府合资创办的
09:11
to bring quality, affordable maternal health care
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一间为低收入女性们带来低廉而高质量的
09:15
to low-income women,
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产妇保健医院。
09:17
and it's been so successful that it's currently building
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由于极其成功，它创造了每35天
09:19
a new hospital every 35 days.
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就会新建一所医院的奇迹。
09:24
And 1298 Ambulances decided that it was going to
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而“1298救护车”则决定要
09:27
reinvent a completely broken industry,
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重建一个完全破落的行业，
09:30
building an ambulance service in Bombay
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即在孟买建立起运用谷歌地球技术
09:32
that would use the technology of Google Earth,
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和可调控的价格体系
09:35
a sliding scale pricing system
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的救护车服务，
09:37
so that all people could have access,
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从而使所有人都可以使用
09:39
and a severe and public decision
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一个只考虑群众意见，
09:42
not to engage in any form of corruption.
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而不得有任何形式的贪污的服务。
09:45
So that in the terrorist attacks of November
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因此，他们在去年11月孟买发生的恐怖袭击事件中
09:47
they were the first responder,
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是最先到达现场急救人员，
09:49
and are now beginning to scale, because of partnership.
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而且由于合作，也渐成规模。
09:51
They've just won four government contracts to build off their 100 ambulances,
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他们刚刚同政府签订四份合同来使他们建造100辆新的救护车，
09:55
and are one of the largest and most effective ambulance companies
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并且成为印度最大也是最有效率的
09:59
in India.
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救护车公司之一。
10:01
This idea of scale is critical.
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这种思想方式是极为关键的。
10:03
Because we're starting to see these enterprises
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因为我们开始看见这些公司
10:05
reach hundreds of thousands of people. All of the ones I discussed
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有成千上百的人员。而我所讨论这些公司的人员总数
10:08
have reached at least a quarter million people.
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至少有二十五万人。
10:10
But that's obviously not enough.
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但是这显然不够。
10:12
And it's where the idea of partnership
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而合作的构思
10:14
becomes so important.
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在此变得非常重要。
10:16
Whether it's by finding those innovations
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不管是寻找那些可以与
10:18
that can access the capital markets,
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资本市场进行联系的创新成果，
10:20
government itself, or partner with major corporations,
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还是政府本身，抑或是和大公司合作，
10:23
there is unbelievable opportunity for innovation.
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都会有很大机会进行再创新。
10:27
President Obama understands that.
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奥巴马总统明白这个道理。
10:29
He recently authorized the creation of a Social Innovation Fund
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他近来授权建立一个社会创新基金
10:32
to focus on what works in this country,
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来关注适合这个美国的东西，
10:34
and look at how we can scale it.
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并且思考如何拓展这个东西。
10:36
And I would submit that it's time to consider
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我建议现正是建立一个
10:39
a global innovation fund
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可以找到这些发明了
10:41
that would find these entrepreneurs around the world
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不仅仅局限于他们的国家，
10:44
who really have innovations, not only for their country,
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而可以为世界的发展做出贡献的创新成果的企业家的
10:46
but ones that we can use in the developed world as well.
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全球创新基金的时机。
10:49
Invest financial assistance, but also management assistance.
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这个基金创立不仅需要投资的资金援助，也需管理援助。
10:53
And then measure the returns,
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然后再从财务角度，
10:55
both from a financial perspective
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和社会影响力的角度，
10:57
and from a social impact perspective.
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来计算回报。
11:00
When we think about new approaches to aid,
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当我们想到关于新的援助办法时，
11:03
it's impossible not to talk about Pakistan.
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则不得不讲到巴基斯坦。
11:07
We've had a rocky relationship with that country
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我国和那个国家关系不太稳定，
11:09
and, in all fairness,
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从公平的角度来讲
11:11
the United States has not always been a very reliable partner.
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美国不一定次次都是个可信赖的伙伴。
11:14
But again I would say that this is our moment
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不过我需要再次声明
11:18
for extraordinary things to happen.
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现今是一个奇迹频发的时刻。
11:20
And if we take that notion of a global innovation fund,
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假如我们采取“全球创新基金”这一观点，
11:23
we could use this time to invest
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我们则可以用这个时机去投资，
11:26
not directly in government, though we would have government's blessing,
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不应直接投资政府，即使我们有可能会得到政府的赞美，
11:29
nor in international experts,
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也不向国际的专家们投资，
11:32
but in the many existing entrepreneurs
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而是很多为他们国家的人民们
11:35
and civil society leaders
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创建了美好的创新成果的
11:37
who already are building wonderful innovations
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企业家们
11:41
that are reaching people all across the country.
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和民间的社会领袖们。
11:43
People like Rashani Zafar,
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例如拉珊尼·扎法尔。
11:45
who created one of the largest microfinance banks in the country,
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她在她的祖国里创立了最大的一间小额信贷银行，
11:48
and is a real role model for women inside and outside the country.
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而且她是妇女们的真正的榜样，不管是她所在的国家或者是这国家之外。
11:52
And Tasneem Siddiqui, who developed a way
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还有塔斯尼姆·西迪基，
11:54
called incremental housing,
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他建立一种叫“住房渐增”的方法，
11:56
where he has moved 40,000 slum dwellers
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这种方法让他使四万贫民窟居民
11:58
into safe, affordable community housing.
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搬进了低廉、安全的社区住房。
12:01
Educational initiatives like DIL and The Citizen Foundation
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还有教育方面的倡导者，如DIL和公民基金会
12:04
that are building schools across the country.
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已经在（巴基斯坦）全国性建设学校。
12:07
It's not hyperbole
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并不夸张的说
12:09
to say that these civil society institutions
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这些民间机构
12:11
and these social entrepreneurs
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和这些社会企业家们
12:13
are building real alternatives to the Taliban.
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在为塔利班建设真正的未来。
12:16
I've invested in Pakistan for over seven years now,
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我已经向巴基斯坦连续投资七年，
12:19
and those of you who've also worked there
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而你们当中有在巴基斯坦工作过的人
12:21
can attest that Pakistanis are an incredibly hard working population,
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都可以证明巴基斯坦人都是非常刻苦工作的。
12:25
and there is a fierce upward mobility in their very nature.
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而且在他们都有力争上游的天性。
12:30
President Kennedy said that
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肯尼迪总统曾说过
12:32
those who make peaceful revolution impossible
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阻止和平变革的人
12:36
make violent revolution inevitable.
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必将导致暴力革命的发生。
12:39
I would say that the converse is true.
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而我想说这句话反过来说也是对的。
12:41
That these social leaders
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这些为日收入低于两美元的
12:43
who really are looking at innovation
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70%的巴基斯坦人发明创新
12:45
and extending opportunity
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和扩展（就业）机会的
12:47
to the 70 percent of Pakistanis who make less than two dollars a day,
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社会领袖们，
12:50
provide real pathways to hope.
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的确是在铺设希望的道路。
12:53
And as we think about how we construct aid for Pakistan,
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当我们思考如何为巴基斯坦建设援助款项时，
12:56
while we need to strengthen the judiciary,
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我们同时需要司法机构的强化，
12:59
build greater stability,
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以来建立更为稳固的体系，
13:01
we also need to think about lifting those leaders
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我们同时需要思考来提高那些
13:04
who can be role models for the rest of the world.
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可以成为世界的榜样的领袖们的影响力。
13:08
On one of my last visits to Pakistan,
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在我最后一次访问巴基斯坦的时候
13:10
I asked Dr. Sono if he would take me
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我向索诺博士提出能否带我去看
13:12
to see some of the drip irrigation in the Thar Desert.
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一些已经在塔尔沙漠建立的滴灌系统。
13:15
And we left Karachi one morning before dawn.
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我们在一天早晨的拂晓之前离开了卡拉奇市。
13:18
It was about 115 degrees.
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当时大概是115华氏度。
13:20
And we drove for eight hours
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2000
而我们大概沿着这个荒凉的景观
13:22
along this moonscape-like landscape
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3000
开了八个小时车
13:25
with very little color, lots of heat,
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途中所见到的颜色千遍一律，而且非常炎热，
13:28
very little discussion, because we were exhausted.
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路途上我们很少说话，因为我们都精疲力竭了。
13:30
And finally, at the end of the journey,
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终于，到达旅程的重点的时候
13:32
I could see this thin little yellow line across the horizon.
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（远远望去）我可以从地平面上看到一条孤直的明黄线。
13:36
And as we got closer, its significance became apparent.
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当我们走进的时候，景象更为清晰了。
13:39
That there in the desert
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在沙漠的中间
13:41
was a field of sunflowers growing seven feet tall.
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有一方长着七英尺高的向日葵群的绿土。
13:44
Because one of the poorest farmers on Earth
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原因是在地球上最穷的一位农民
13:46
had gotten access to a technology
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获取到他所需的一项技术
13:49
that had allowed him to change his own life.
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从而使他可以改变自己的命运。
13:52
His name was Raja,
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他的名字叫拉贾。
13:54
and he had kind, twinkly hazel eyes
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他有一双慈祥、明亮的淡褐色眼睛，
13:56
and warm expressive hands
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和一双温暖的大手
13:59
that reminded me of my father.
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从而使我想起我的父亲。
14:01
And he said it was the first dry season
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他说这是他生命中第一个旱季，
14:03
in his entire life that he hadn't taken
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3000
可以不用带上他的
14:06
his 12 children and 50 grandchildren
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十二位子女和五十位孙子、孙女
14:08
on a two day journey across the desert
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3000
用两天时间横穿沙漠
14:11
to work as day laborers at a commercial farm
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去为一个每天大概只挣五十分的商业农场
14:13
for about 50 cents a day.
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做苦工。
14:15
Because he was building these crops.
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2000
这全是因为他种植的这些庄稼。
14:17
And with the money he earned he could stay this year.
316
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以及他以往挣得的钱，从而使他今年不用迁移。
14:20
And for the first time ever in three generations,
317
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3000
也是从祖上三代以来，子女们
14:23
his children would go to school.
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3000
首次有机会去学校学习。
14:26
We asked him if he would send his daughters as well as his sons.
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我们问他他会不会把女儿和儿子一视同仁。
14:29
And he said, "Of course I will.
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他回答说：“当然，我当然会。
14:31
Because I don't want them discriminated against anymore."
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因为我不想她们再被歧视了。”
14:36
When we think about solutions to poverty,
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当我们为贫困思索解决之道时
14:38
we cannot deny individuals
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我们不能否定个体的存在，
14:40
their fundamental dignity.
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他们仍拥有人类最基本的尊严。
14:42
Because at the end of the day,
325
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因为在那天的最后时刻，
14:44
dignity is more important to the human spirit than wealth.
326
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（我认知到）尊严对于人类精神的作用比财富更为重要。
14:47
And what's exciting is to see so many entrepreneurs across sectors
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看见如此多的各领域的企业家们
14:51
who are building innovations that recognize
328
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3000
在创设许多创新成果并且意识到
14:54
that what people want is freedom
329
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人们需要的是自由，选择和机遇
14:56
and choice and opportunity.
330
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是振奋人心的。
14:58
Because that is where dignity really starts.
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因为那些是尊严的始源。
15:01
Martin Luther King said that
332
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2000
马丁·路德·金曾说过
15:03
love without power is anemic and sentimental,
333
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5000
乏力之爱乃无爱之爱。
15:08
and that power without love
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同时乏爱之力
15:10
is reckless and abusive.
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乃无智之力。
15:12
Our generation has seen both approaches tried,
336
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3000
我们这一代人已目睹过两种方法的尝试，
15:15
and often fail.
337
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但经常失败。
15:17
But I think our generation also might be the first
338
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不过我认为这一代人，或许是第一次
15:20
to have the courage to embrace both love and power.
339
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4000
有勇气来拥抱爱与力量。
15:24
For that is what we'll need, as we move forward
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这就是我们迈向我们梦想中
15:27
to dream and imagine what it will really take
341
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想要建立的全球经济体系，
15:30
to build a global economy that includes all of us,
342
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也同时包括我们，所必须有的。
15:33
and to finally extend that fundamental proposition
343
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并且终于使“人人生而平等”这一命题
15:36
that all men are created equal to every human being on the planet.
344
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拓展到这地球上的所有的人类。
15:40
The time for us to begin innovating
345
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这是一个让我们开始创新
15:43
and looking for new solutions, a cross sector, is now.
346
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探索新的解决方法的时刻，跨领域合作的时机现正到来。
15:47
I can only talk from my own experience,
347
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我只能从我自己的经历谈。
15:49
but in eight years of running Acumen fund,
348
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但是经过八年运行安康盟基金的经验，
15:53
I've seen the power of patient capital.
349
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我已见识过耐心资本的力量。
15:55
Not only to inspire innovation and risk taking,
350
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（耐心资本）不仅仅鼓励创新和冒险，
16:00
but to truly build systems that have created
351
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而且真正地建立起一个
16:02
more than 25,000 jobs
352
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提供了两万五千个岗位
16:04
and delivered tens of millions of services and products
353
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和提供了数以百万计的产品和服务
16:07
to some of the poorest people on the planet.
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给这个星球上最穷的一群人的体系。
16:10
I know it works.
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我知道它是有效的。
16:12
But I know that many other kinds of innovation also work.
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但我同时通晓很多其他的革新也同样是有效的。
16:15
And so I urge you, in whatever sector you work,
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所以我请求你们，不管你是在那个领域工作，
16:18
in whatever job you do,
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也不管你做什么工作，
16:20
to start thinking about how we might
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来开始思索我们如何由
16:22
build solutions that start
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我们希望帮助的人的观点
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from the perspective of those we're trying to help.
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来得到解决的方法。
16:27
Rather than what we think that they might need.
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而不是我们设想他们需要什么。
16:32
It will take embracing the world with both arms.
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我会用双臂拥抱这个世界。
16:35
And it will take living with the spirit of generosity and accountability,
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从而让我们生活在慷慨和负责
16:40
with a sense of integrity and perseverance.
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以及正直和坚毅的精神下吧。
16:44
And yet these are the very qualities
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但如今，这些品质
16:46
for which men and women have been honored
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是我们人类代代相传的
16:48
throughout the generations.
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可授予的荣耀。
16:50
And there is so much good that we can do.
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但是世界上还有很多美好的事物等着我们去勘探发掘。
16:53
Just think of all those sunflowers in the desert.
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让我们回想下那些在沙漠中靓丽、坚挺的向日葵群吧。
16:56
Thank you.
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谢谢。
16:58
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jacqueline Novogratz - Investor and advocate for moral leadershipJacqueline Novogratz works to enable human flourishing. Her organization, Acumen, invests in people, companies and ideas that see capital and networks as means, not ends, to solving the toughest issues of poverty.
Why you should listen
Jacqueline Novogratz writes: "I want to build a movement in which we define success based on the amount of human energy we release in the world.
"I started my career on Wall Street and soon discovered that markets are efficient, but by themselves they too often overlook or exploit the poor. So I moved to Rwanda in 1986 to help found the country’s first micro-finance bank. There I saw the humanitarian ethos of philanthropy, and also how often top-down solutions too often create dependency, the opposite of dignity. Through 30 years of working on solutions to poverty, I have come to redefine it for myself, seeing it not as how much income a person earns, but how free they are to make their own choices and decisions, how much agency they have over their own lives.
Acumen was founded to change the way the world tackles poverty in 2001. Our mission was simple – to raise philanthropy and invest it as patient capital – long-term investment in intrepid entrepreneurs willing to go where markets and government had failed the poor. We enable companies to experiment and fail, never wavering from a commitment to stand with the poor, yet understanding that profitability is necessary for sustainable solutions. We’ve invested more than $110M across South Asia, Africa, Latin America and the US, and have seen entire sectors disrupted and hundreds of millions served.
The work also taught that it was critical to invest in talent. To date, we’ve supported nearly 400 Acumen Fellows across lines of race, class, ethnicity, religion and ideology. They are a beautiful group, full of vision and grit, and a determination to do what is right, not easy. The group itself enables individual leaders to endure the loneliness that is part of the work.
And then we measure what matters rather than just what we can count. Take this all together and you see our mission to do what it takes to build a world in which all of us have the chance to dream and to flourish, not from a place of easy sentimentality but through a commitment to using the tools of capitalism and the attributes of moral leadership to focus on doing what it takes, and no less.
Jacqueline Novogratz | Speaker | TED.com