ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dean Kamen - Inventor
Dean Kamen landed in the limelight with the Segway, but he has been innovating since high school, with more than 150 patents under his belt. Recent projects include portable energy and water purification for the developing world, and a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers.

Why you should listen

Dean Kamen is an innovator, but not just of things. He hopes to revolutionize attitudes, quality of life, awareness. While an undergraduate, he developed the first portable infusion device, which delivers drug treatments that once required round-the-clock hospital care. And, through his DEKA Research and Development, which he cofounded in 1982, he developed a portable dialysis machine, a vascular stent, and the iBOT -- a motorized wheelchair that climbs stairs (Stephen Colbert took one for a spin).

Yes, he's a college dropout, but he's a huge believer in education, and in 1989 established the nonprofit FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) to inspire teenagers to pursue careers in science. FIRST sponsors lively annual competitions, where students form teams to create the best robot.

His focus now is on off-grid electricity and water purification for developing countries; another recent project, previewed at TED2007, is a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers (read an update here). He's also working on a power source for the wonderful Think car. And, with more funding in the works, we haven't seen the last of the Segway.

More profile about the speaker
Dean Kamen | Speaker | TED.com
TED2002

Dean Kamen: To invent is to give

迪恩 卡门谈发明与施与

Filmed:
801,040 views

发明家迪恩 卡门提出了他对塞格威的论点,也让我们瞥见了他的下一个大点子(适用于发展中国家的便携式能源和水源净化技术)。
- Inventor
Dean Kamen landed in the limelight with the Segway, but he has been innovating since high school, with more than 150 patents under his belt. Recent projects include portable energy and water purification for the developing world, and a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:24
As you pointed out, every一切 time you come here, you learn学习 something.
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就像你们所说的,每一次来到这里都会学习到一些东西。
00:28
This morning早上, the world's世界 experts专家
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今天早上,来自几家座椅公司的
00:30
from I guess猜测 three or four different不同 companies公司 on building建造 seats,
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世界级专家们
00:34
I think concluded总结 that ultimately最终, the solution is, people shouldn't不能 sit down.
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得到的最终结论是:人们不应坐下来,要继续前进。
00:39
I could have told them that.
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我早应该告诉他们的。
00:41
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:43
Yesterday昨天, the automotive汽车 guys gave us some new insights见解.
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昨天几个汽车行业的人提出来新观点,
00:49
They pointed out that, I believe it was between之间 30 and 50 years年份 from today今天,
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他们相信,三十到五十年后,
00:55
they will be steering操舵 cars汽车 by wire线,
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就可以用电线来驾车,
00:58
without all that mechanical机械 stuff东东.
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而不需要那些机械装置了。
01:00
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
01:02
That's reassuring令人欣慰.
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这真让人放心。
01:04
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
01:08
They then pointed out that there'd这红色 be, sort分类 of, the other controls控制 by wire线,
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他们接着又说一些其他装置都可用电线操作,
01:13
to get rid摆脱 of all that mechanical机械 stuff东东.
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就不需要机械部分了。
01:15
That's pretty漂亮 good, but why not get rid摆脱 of the wires电线?
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这很好,那为什么不除掉电线呢?
01:20
Then you don't need anything to control控制 the car汽车, except thinking思维 about it.
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那么就只需意念就可以开车了。
01:28
I would love to talk about the technology技术,
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我想谈一下科技,
01:30
and sometime某时, in what's past过去 the 15 minutes分钟,
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十五分钟后,
01:34
I'll be happy快乐 to talk to all the techno-geeksTECHNO-怪才 around here
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和在座的科技发烧友们谈一下
01:36
about what's in here.
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这个领域未来会发生什么。
01:40
But if I had one thing to say about this, before we get to first,
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可在此之前,我要说,
01:44
it would be that from the time we started开始 building建造 this,
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从技术发展开始,
01:50
the big idea理念 wasn't the technology技术.
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重要的不是技术本身,
01:52
It really was a big idea理念 in technology技术 when we started开始 applying应用 it
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当然,当我们把科技应用到iBOT上去为残障社团服务时,
01:55
in the iBOTIBOT for the disabled community社区.
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这是很重要的。
01:57
The big idea理念 here is, I think, a new piece of a solution
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但我觉得现在的问题是,
02:03
to a fairly相当 big problem问题 in transportation运输.
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用一个简单的方案来解决交通系统里的一个重大问题。
02:07
And maybe to put that in perspective透视: there's so much data数据 on this,
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从一方面来看:有很多的数据
02:12
I'll be happy快乐 to give it to you in different不同 forms形式.
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我很乐意以不同的形式向你展示。
02:14
You never know what strikes罢工 the fancy幻想 of whom,
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都不知道为什么,
02:17
but everybody每个人 is perfectly完美 willing愿意 to believe the car汽车 changed the world世界.
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大家都那么相信汽车改变了世界。
02:22
And Henry亨利 Ford, just about 100 years年份 ago, started开始 cranking起动 out Model模型 TsTS.
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大概一百年前,福特开始生产T型车
02:26
What I don't think most people think about
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我觉得人们不会想的是
02:28
is the context上下文 of how technology技术 is applied应用的.
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科技被应用的背景
02:32
For instance, in that time, 91 percent百分 of America美国
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比如说当时百分之九十一的美国人
02:35
lived生活 either on farms农场 or in small towns城市.
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住在农村和小镇
02:38
So, the car汽车 --
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所以汽车
02:41
the horseless无马 carriage运输 that replaced更换 the horse and carriage运输 -- was a big deal合同;
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也就是替代马车的无马车,是十分重要
02:45
it went twice两次 as fast快速 as a horse and carriage运输.
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它的速度比马车多一倍
02:47
It was half as long.
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车身比马车短一半
02:49
And it was an environmental环境的 improvement起色, because, for instance,
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它还改善了环境卫生,因为
02:53
in 1903 they outlawed取缔 horses马匹 and buggies越野车 in downtown市中心 Manhattan曼哈顿,
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在1903年曼哈顿的城区已经禁行马车了,
02:58
because you can imagine想像 what the roads道路 look like
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你可以想像那些马路的模样
03:01
when you have a million百万 horses马匹,
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当路上有很多马
03:04
and a million百万 of them urinating小便 and doing other things,
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而且他们都在撒尿或干别的
03:08
and the typhoid伤寒症 and other problems问题 created创建 were almost几乎 unimaginable不可思议.
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会酿成无数伤寒症,还有别的问题
03:14
So the car汽车 was the clean清洁 environmental环境的 alternative替代 to a horse and buggy越野车.
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所以汽车是令环境更卫生的交通工具
03:18
It also was a way for people to get from their farm农场 to a farm农场,
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汽车也是让人可以来往农庄之间
03:22
or their farm农场 to a town, or from a town to a city.
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走进市镇的工具
03:25
It all made制作 sense, with 91 percent百分 of the people living活的 there.
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这给百分之九十一的人口带来了方便。
03:30
By the 1950s, we started开始 connecting all the towns城市 together一起
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到了20世纪50年代,我们修建高速公路系统把所有的城镇连接起来,
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with what a lot of people claim要求 is the eighth第八 wonder奇迹 of the world世界, the highway高速公路 system系统.
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这被许多人称之为世界第八大奇迹。
03:38
And it is certainly当然 a wonder奇迹.
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这当然是个奇迹。
03:41
And by the way, as I take shots镜头 at old technologies技术,
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同时,因为我对旧技术感兴趣
03:45
I want to assure保证 everybody每个人, and particularly尤其 the automotive汽车 industry行业 --
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我想向各位保证——尤其是
03:49
who's谁是 been very supportive支持 of us --
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十分支持我们的汽车业:
03:51
that I don't think this in any way competes竞争 with airplanes飞机, or cars汽车.
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我不认为这个发明会与飞机或汽车竞争
03:59
But think about where the world世界 is today今天.
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但请想想目前的世界状况
04:03
50 percent百分 of the global全球 population人口 now lives生活 in cities城市.
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世界上有一半人口正住在城市里
04:06
That's 3.2 billion十亿 people.
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足足是三十二亿人
04:10
We've我们已经 solved解决了 all the transportation运输 problems问题
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所有交通问题都已被解决
04:12
that have changed the world世界 to get it to where we are today今天.
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这些问题改变了这个世界,把它塑造成了现在的样子。
04:15
500 years年份 ago, sailing帆船 ships船舶 started开始 getting得到 reliable可靠 enough足够;
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五百年前,已发展成熟的航海技术
04:18
we found发现 a new continent大陆.
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让我们发现新大陆
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150 years年份 ago, locomotives机车 got efficient高效 enough足够, steam蒸汽 power功率,
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一百五十年前,蒸汽火车效率高得
04:24
that we turned转身 the continent大陆 into a country国家.
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让我们把一片大陆发展成一个国家
04:27
Over the last hundred years年份, we started开始 building建造 cars汽车,
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在上世纪,我们开始制造汽车
04:30
and then over the 50 years年份 we've我们已经 connected连接的 every一切 city to every一切 other city
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让我们在以后的半个世纪以高速地
04:33
in an extraordinarily异常 efficient高效 way,
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把所有城市都连接起来
04:35
and we have a very high standard标准 of living活的 as a consequence后果 of that.
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因此我们的生活质素也大大改善
04:38
But during that entire整个 process处理, more and more people have been born天生,
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但与此同时,越来越多婴儿出生
04:43
and more and more people are moving移动 to cities城市.
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越来越多人迁居城市
04:45
China中国 alone单独 is going to move移动 four to six hundred million百万 people
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在未来十五年,单是中国就有
04:49
into cities城市 in the next下一个 decade and a half.
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四至六亿人会迁入城市
04:53
And so, nobody没有人, I think, would argue争论 that airplanes飞机, in the last 50 years年份,
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因此,没有人会否认在以往五十年间
04:59
have turned转身 the continent大陆 and the country国家 now into a neighborhood邻里.
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飞机把大陆和国家转化为一个社区
05:03
And if you just look at how technology技术 has been applied应用的,
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如果观察科技如何被实践
05:05
we've我们已经 solved解决了 all the long-range长距离, high-speed高速, high-volume高音量,
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我们已经解决了运输过程中的
05:09
large-weight大重量 problems问题 of moving移动 things around.
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长距离,高速度,大容量,超重量的问题。
05:12
Nobody没有人 would want to give them up.
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没有人会想舍弃这些技术
05:14
And I certainly当然 wouldn't不会 want to give up my airplane飞机,
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当然,我也舍不得我的飞机
05:17
or my helicopter直升机, or my Humvee悍马, or my Porsche保时捷.
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直升机、悍马或保时捷
05:21
I love them all. I don't keep any of them in my living活的 room房间.
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虽然我不把它们放在家中,我还是很喜欢它们
05:24
The fact事实 is, the last mile英里 is the problem问题,
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事实是,问题是在最后路段
05:29
and half the world世界 now lives生活 in dense稠密 cities城市.
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当一半人口现居于城中
05:32
And people spend, depending根据 on who they are,
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而且因人而异的
05:34
between之间 90 and 95 percent百分 of their energy能源 getting得到 around on foot脚丫子.
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人们差不多耗费了花九成至九成半体用于步行
05:39
I think there's -- I don't know what data数据 would impress you,
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我不知道怎样的数据才能让你感到震撼
05:42
but how about, 43 percent百分 of the refined精制 fuel汽油 produced生成 in the world世界
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美国大城市里的汽车消耗掉了
05:48
is consumed消费 by cars汽车 in metropolitan宗主 areas in the United联合的 States状态.
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全球百分之四十三的精炼燃油
05:54
Three million百万 people die every一切 year in cities城市 due应有 to bad air空气,
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每年有三百万市民死于空气污染
05:59
and almost几乎 all particulate颗粒 pollution污染 on this planet行星
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几乎地球上所有粉尘污染
06:02
is produced生成 by transportation运输 devices设备, particularly尤其 sitting坐在 in cities城市.
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都是源于交通工具,尤其市区里的
06:07
And again, I say that not to attack攻击 any industry行业,
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还有,我不是要攻击任何行业
06:11
I think -- I really do -- I love my airplane飞机,
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我真的很喜欢我的飞机
06:14
and cars汽车 on highways公路 moving移动 60 miles英里 an hour小时
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还有在高速公路上以每小时六十英里奔驰着的车子
06:17
are extraordinarily异常 efficient高效,
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效率是超然的
06:19
both from an engineering工程 point of view视图,
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以上两点都是从工程
06:22
an energy能源 consumption消费 point of view视图, and a utility效用 point of view视图.
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能源消耗和效益角度上出发
06:25
And we all love our cars汽车, and I do.
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我们都爱自己的车子,我也是
06:28
The problem问题 is, you get into the city and you want to go four blocks,
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问题是,如果你走进市里,想走四段街段
06:32
it's neither也不 fun开玩笑 nor也不 efficient高效 nor也不 productive生产的.
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这既无聊又低效
06:35
It's not sustainable可持续发展.
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持续性也低
06:37
If -- in China中国, in the year 1998, 417 million百万 people used bicycles自行车;
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如果,在1998年的中国,四亿一千七百万人骑自行车
06:43
1.7 million百万 people used cars汽车.
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一百七十万人开车
06:47
If five percent百分 of that population人口 became成为, quote引用, middle中间 class,
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如果当中百分之五的人成为了所谓的中产人士
06:51
and wanted to go the way we've我们已经 gone走了 in the last hundred years年份
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并希望走我们在过去百年我们走过的路
06:56
at the same相同 time that 50 percent百分 of their population人口 are moving移动 into cities城市
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同时当中一半人口每隔六周
06:59
of the size尺寸 and density密度 of Manhattan曼哈顿, every一切 six weeks --
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迁入面积和密度跟曼哈顿一样城市
07:03
it isn't sustainable可持续发展 environmentally环保;
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环境受不了
07:05
it isn't sustainable可持续发展 economically经济 -- there just ain't enough足够 oil --
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经济受不了,因为没有足够的石油
07:09
and it's not sustainable可持续发展 politically政治上.
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政治上也不可承受
07:11
I mean, what are we fighting战斗 over right now?
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我说的是,我们现在到底在争夺什么呢?
07:13
We can make it complicated复杂, but what's the world世界 fighting战斗 over right now?
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我们可以把问题变得复杂,但世界现在到底在争夺什么呢?
07:17
So it seemed似乎 to me that somebody had to work on that last mile英里,
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对我来说,有人要在最后路段上下工夫
07:24
and it was dumb luck运气. We were working加工 on iBOTsiBOTs,
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幸运的是我们在研发iBOTs。
07:27
but once一旦 we made制作 this, we instantly即刻 decided决定
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可是我们认为一旦研发成功
07:29
it could be a great alternative替代 to jet喷射 skis滑雪板. You don't need the water.
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它会马上取代汽艇,你不需要水也可以开。
07:33
Or snowmobiles雪地车. You don't need the snow.
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或者可以替代雪上摩托,你不需要雪也可以开。
07:35
Or skiing滑雪. It's just fun开玩笑, and people love to move移动 around doing fun开玩笑 things.
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或者滑雪,这是纯粹娱乐而己,大家还是喜爱四处玩耍的
07:42
And every一切 one of those industries行业, by the way --
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另外,当中所有行业之中
07:44
just golf高尔夫球 carts alone单独 is a multi-billion-dollar数十亿美元 industry行业.
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只有高尔夫车才是价值数以十亿美元计的行业
07:47
But rather than go license执照 this off, which哪一个 is what we normally一般 do,
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没有做我们常常做的取消其执照,
07:50
it seemed似乎 to me that if we put all our effort功夫 not into the technology技术,
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我觉得如果我们不把所有的精力用在技术上
07:54
but into an understanding理解 of a world世界 that's solved解决了 all its other problems问题,
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而是专注理解其他世界上的问题如何解决
07:58
but has somehow不知何故 come to accept接受 that cities城市 -- which哪一个,
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并开始接受城市,
08:03
right back from ancient Greece希腊 on, were meant意味着 to walk步行 around,
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回到古希腊时代,就是说人们要徒步走路
08:06
cities城市 that were architected架构 and built内置 for people --
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为人类而建的城市
08:09
now have a footprint脚印 that,
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现在有足迹
08:11
while we've我们已经 solved解决了 every一切 other transportation运输 problem问题 --
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当所有运输难题都已解决
08:13
and it's like Moore's摩尔定律 law.
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正如摩尔定律般
08:15
I mean, look at the time it took to cross交叉 a continent大陆 in a Conestoga康耐斯托加 wagon车皮,
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我是说,看看用科内斯托加旅行车穿过大陆需要多长时间,
08:20
then on a railroad铁路, then an airplane飞机.
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对比用火车和飞机的时间
08:23
Every一切 other form形成 of transportation's运输公司 been improved改善.
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所有交通工具都进化了
08:27
In 5,000 years年份, we've我们已经 gone走了 backwards向后 in getting得到 around cities城市.
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过了五千年,我们又回到了城市
08:31
They've他们已经 gotten得到 bigger; they're spread传播 out.
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城市变得更大更广
08:34
The most expensive昂贵 real真实 estate房地产 on this planet行星 in every一切 city --
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各城市中最贵的房地产
08:39
Wilshire威尔希尔 Boulevard林荫大道, or Fifth第五 Avenue大街, or Tokyo东京, or Paris巴黎 --
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威尔希尔大道,第五大道,东京,或巴黎——
08:43
the most expensive昂贵 real真实 estate房地产 is their downtowns城市的中心.
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最贵的房地产就位于市中心
08:46
65 percent百分 of the landmass大陆 of our cities城市 are parked cars汽车.
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市区内共有百分之65的地区是用作泊车的
08:50
The 20 largest最大 cities城市 in the world世界.
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全球二十大城市
08:52
So you wonder奇迹, what if cities城市 could give to their pedestrians行人
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你或许会问,要是城市可以给行人
08:57
what we take for granted理所当然 as we now go between之间 cities城市?
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我们现在来往城市时认为是理所当然的东西呢?
09:01
What if you could make them fun开玩笑, attractive有吸引力, clean清洁,
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要是我们可以使城市变得更有趣、更吸引、更整洁
09:05
environmentally环保 friendly友善?
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更环保?
09:09
What if it would make it a little bit more palatable可口
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如果可以让可以通过大众运输的最后一环
09:12
to have access访问 via通过 this, as that last link链接 to mass transit过境,
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走出来,走向你的汽车变得更合意,
09:18
to get out to your cars汽车 so we can all live生活 in the suburbs郊区
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因此我们可以都生活在郊区,
09:21
and use our cars汽车 the way we want,
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随心所欲的使用汽车,
09:23
and then have our cities城市 energized通电 again?
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让城市再次充满活力呢?
09:28
We thought it would be really neat整齐 to do that,
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能够这么做也真不错
09:30
and one of the problems问题 we really were worried担心 about
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我们关注的问题之一
09:32
is: how do we get legal法律 on the sidewalk人行道?
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是如何合法地在人行道上行走
09:35
Because technically技术上 I've got motors马达; I've got wheels车轮 -- I'm a motor发动机 vehicle车辆.
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因为技术上我有马达和车轮,我就是一辆机动车
09:39
I don't look like a motor发动机 vehicle车辆.
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但我看上去不像机动车
09:41
I have the same相同 footprint脚印 as a pedestrian行人;
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我跟行人一样会留下足迹
09:43
I have the same相同 unique独特 capability能力
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也有同样的独特能力
09:47
to deal合同 with other pedestrians行人 in a crowded space空间.
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在拥挤的地方处理同其他行人之间的问题。
09:49
I took this down to Ground地面 Zero,
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我从零开始做起,
09:51
and knocked被撞 my way through通过 crowds人群 for an hour小时.
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在人群中走了一个小时。
09:54
I'm a pedestrian行人. But the law typically一般 lags滞后 technology技术 by a generation or two,
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我是行人。但法律通常比科技落后一至两代
09:59
and if we get told we don't belong属于 on the sidewalk人行道, we have two choices选择.
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如果我们不能走人行道,我们有两个选择
10:05
We're a recreational休闲 vehicle车辆 that doesn't really matter,
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我们可以成为无关紧要的娱乐设施,
10:07
and I don't spend my time doing that kind of stuff东东.
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但我不会把时间花在这上
10:12
Or maybe we should be out in the street
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或者我们应该走上街道
10:14
in front面前 of a Greyhound灰猎犬 bus总线 or a vehicle车辆.
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同灰狗巴士或机车一道。
10:18
We've我们已经 been so concerned关心 about that,
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我们向来十分关注这问题
10:20
we went to the Postmaster邮政局长 General一般 of the United联合的 States状态,
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我们曾走到邮政署长面前
10:22
as the first person we ever showed显示 on the outside,
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第一个展示给了他看
10:25
and said, "Put your people on it. Everybody每个人 trusts信托 their postman邮差.
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并说,“给你们的人装备这个吧,大家都信任邮递员。
10:29
And they belong属于 on the sidewalks人行道, and they'll他们会 use it seriously认真地."
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他们应该在人行道上使用,他们会认真使用它的。”
10:34
He agreed同意. We went to a number of police警察 departments部门
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他同意了,我们去了数个警察部门
10:37
that want their police警察 officers长官 back in the neighborhood邻里
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他们想让警员们及时深入邻里社区
10:39
on the beat击败, carrying携带 70 pounds英镑 of stuff东东. They love it.
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并携带这70多磅的物品。他们爱死了这个。
10:43
And I can't believe a policeman警察 is going to give themselves他们自己 a ticket.
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我就不相信警察会给自己发罚单
10:47
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
10:50
So we've我们已经 been working加工 really, really hard,
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所以我们真的下了很多工夫
10:52
but we knew知道 that the technology技术 would not be as hard to develop发展
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但我们知道技术的发展,
10:55
as an attitude态度 about what's important重要, and how to apply应用 the technology技术.
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不会像培养权衡轻重和应用科技的心态那样困难
11:00
We went out and we found发现 some visionary空想家 people
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我们遇过一些有远见的人
11:03
with enough足够 money to let us design设计 and build建立 these things,
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提供足够资金,让我们研发这东西
11:08
and in hopefully希望 enough足够 time to get them accepted公认.
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希望给了我们足够的时间让他们满意。
11:12
So, I'm happy快乐, really, I am happy快乐 to talk about this technology技术 as much as you want.
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我很乐意谈论这项技术
11:17
And yes, it's really fun开玩笑, and yes, you should all go out and try it.
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这真的很有趣,你该出去试一试
11:21
But if I could ask you to do one thing,
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如果我能要求你做一件事,
11:23
it's not to think about it as a piece of technology技术,
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不是要把它当成是一种技术
11:25
but just imagine想像 that, although虽然 we all understand理解 somehow不知何故
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而是想像,虽然我们都理解
11:29
that it's reasonable合理 that we use our 4,000-pound-磅 machine,
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我们用这台四千磅的机器
11:33
which哪一个 can go 60 miles英里 an hour小时,
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以每小时六十英里的速度行驶
11:35
that can bring带来 you everywhere到处 you want to go,
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把我们带到任何我们想去的地方的合理性
11:37
and somehow不知何故 it's also what we used for the last mile英里,
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也是我们在最后一英里使用的工具,
11:43
and it's broken破碎, and it doesn't work.
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它坏了,不能开动了
11:46
One of the more exciting扣人心弦 things that occurred发生 to us
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我们遇过最兴奋的事情之一
11:49
about why it might威力 get accepted公认, happened发生 out here in California加州.
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让我们觉得它可能会被接受,就在加州这里发生了
11:54
A few少数 weeks ago, after we launched推出 it,
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几个星期以前,我们发布之后,
11:56
we were here with a news新闻 crew船员 on Venice威尼斯 Beach海滩, zipping荏苒 up and back,
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在威尼斯滩,我们带着一个新闻工作者来
12:01
and he's marveling惊叹 at the technology技术,
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惊叹着这技术
12:03
and meanwhile与此同时 bicycles自行车 are zipping荏苒 by,
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期间骑自行车的走过来
12:05
and skateboarders滑板 are zipping荏苒 by,
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踏滑板的走过来
12:07
and a little old lady淑女 -- I mean, if you looked看着 in the dictionary字典,
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一个矮小的老太太,去查字典吧,
12:11
a little old lady淑女 -- came来了 by me --
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她来我这边
12:14
and now that I'm on this, I'm the height高度 of a normal正常 adult成人 now --
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当时我这上面,跟一般成年人一样高
12:18
and she just stops停止, and the camera相机 is there, and she looks容貌 up at me
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她停下来,镜头就在那边,她抬头看着我
12:24
and says, "Can I try that?"
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说:“我可以试吗?”
12:27
And what was I -- you know, how are you going to say anything?
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我们怎么会说什么呢?
12:30
And so I said, "Sure."
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所以我说:“当然可以”
12:32
So I get off, and she gets得到 on, and with a little bit of the usual通常, ah,
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我下来,她上去,有点像习以为常的
12:38
then she turns around, and she goes about 20 feet,
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然后她转着,大概走了二十尺
12:43
and she turns back around, and she's all smiles笑容.
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再往后走,她全程都笑着
12:46
And she comes back to me and she stops停止, and she says,
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她回来停下来,说:
12:52
"Finally最后, they made制作 something for us."
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”终于有人给我们制造了些什么。“
12:56
And the camera相机 is looking down at her.
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镜头往下对着她
12:58
I'm thinking思维, "Wow, that was great --
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我心想:“太好了
13:00
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
13:01
-- please lady淑女, don't say another另一个 word."
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——女士,请不要说别的。”
13:03
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
13:06
And the camera相机 is down at her,
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镜头仍然对着她
13:08
and this guy has to put the microphone麦克风 in her face面对,
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那位采访员把麦克风对着她
13:10
said, "What do you mean by that?"
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问:“你这么说是什么意思?”
13:12
And I figured想通, "It's all over now,"
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我当时想,“都完了。”
13:14
and she looks容貌 up and she says, "Well,"
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她抬头说:“嗯”
13:18
she's still watching观看 these guys go; she says, "I can't ride a bike自行车," no,
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她仍然看着那些人,说着,“我不会骑单车,” 不,
13:21
she says, "I can't use a skateboard滑板, and I've never used roller滚筒 blades叶片,"
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“我不会滑板,也不会滑旱冰,”
13:25
she knew知道 them by name名称;
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她知道它们的名字
13:27
she says, "And it's been 50 years年份 since以来 I rode骑着车 a bicycle自行车."
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“我五十年没有骑过自行车了。”
13:30
Then she looks容貌 up, she's looking up, and she says,
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然后她抬头说:
13:34
"And I'm 81 years年份 old, and I don't drive驾驶 a car汽车 anymore.
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“我现在81岁了,不能开车了,
13:38
I still have to get to the store商店, and I can't carry携带 a lot of things."
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我还是要去商店,我不能提很多东西,”
13:42
And it suddenly突然 occurred发生 to me, that among其中 my many许多 fears恐惧,
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突然我意识到,在我的许多恐惧之中,
13:46
were not just that the bureaucracy官僚 and the regulators监管机构
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并不仅仅是官僚,监管当局
13:49
and the legislators立法者 might威力 not get it --
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或立法人员不能明白
13:52
it was that, fundamentally从根本上, you believe there's pressure压力 among其中 the people
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而基本上,有种来自群众的压力
13:57
not to invade入侵 the most precious珍贵 little bit of space空间 left,
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叫你不要侵占这些城市中仅余的一点
14:00
the sidewalks人行道 in these cities城市.
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珍贵的人行道上的空间
14:02
When you look at the 36 inches英寸 of legal法律 requirement需求 for sidewalk人行道,
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看着法律规定的36英寸宽的人行道时,
14:06
then the eight foot脚丫子 for the parked car汽车, then the three lanes车道,
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停车位的八英尺,加上三个车道
14:09
and then the other eight feet -- it's --
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然后又八尺
14:11
that little piece is all that's there.
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这就是所剩下的空间了。
14:15
But she looks容貌 up and says this,
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可是她抬头这么说
14:17
and it occurs发生 to me, well, kids孩子 aren't going to mind心神 these things,
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让我意识到,孩子们不会在意这些东西,
14:19
and they don't vote投票, and business商业 people and then young年轻 adults成年人
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他们也不投票,商人和青少年
14:23
aren't going to mind心神 these things -- they're pretty漂亮 cool --
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都不会介意,他们很通达,
14:25
so I guess猜测 subliminally下意识 I was worried担心
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所以我猜我是潜意识地担心
14:27
that it's the older旧的 population人口 that's going to worry担心.
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老人们会在意。
14:30
So, having seen看到 this, and having worried担心 about it for eight years年份,
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所以,看到这件事后,担心了八年后
14:35
the first thing I do is pick up my phone电话 and ask our marketing营销 and regulatory监管 guys,
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首先我拨电话问我们市场部门和规范部门的朋友
14:39
call AARPAARP, get an appointment约定 right away.
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他们叫AARP,并立刻约时间见面
14:42
We've我们已经 got to show显示 them this thing.
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我们得给他们看看这东西
14:44
And they took it to Washington华盛顿; they showed显示 them;
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然后他们把它带到华盛顿,展示了
14:47
and they're going to be involved参与 now,
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他们也要参与计划了
14:49
watching观看 how these things get absorbed吸收 in a number of cities城市,
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看着这些东西怎样在几个城市被人们接受,
14:53
like Atlanta亚特兰大, where we're doing trials试验 to see if it really can, in fact事实,
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比如亚特兰大,我们在当地试行它们会否
14:57
help re-energize重振 their downtown市中心.
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有助给这些城市重新注入活力
15:00
(Applause掌声)
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(欢呼)
15:07
The bottom底部 line线 is, whether是否 you believe the United联合的 Nations国家,
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底线是,无论你相信联合国与否,
15:12
or any of the other think tanks坦克 --
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或其他智库组织
15:14
in the next下一个 20 years年份, all human人的 population人口 growth发展 on this planet行星
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在未来二十年间,所有人口增长都会
15:18
will be in cities城市.
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集中于城市
15:20
In Asia亚洲 alone单独, it will be over a billion十亿 people.
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单是亚洲就会有十亿人口
15:23
They learned学到了 to start开始 with cell细胞 phones手机.
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他们一开始就学会用手机。
15:27
They didn't have to take the 100-year-年 trip we took.
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他们无需像我们一样走过一百年的进步历程。
15:30
They start开始 at the top最佳 of the technology技术 food餐饮 chain.
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他们从技术食物链顶端开始
15:33
We've我们已经 got to start开始 building建造 cities城市 and human人的 environments环境
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我们得开始建设城市和人类环境
15:36
where a 150-pound-磅 person can go a couple一对 of miles英里
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让一百五十磅重的人也可以在密集、富庶、绿化的环境中
15:39
in a dense稠密, rich丰富, green-space绿地 environment环境,
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也可以走数英里
15:42
without being存在 in a 4,000-pound-磅 machine to do it.
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而毋须使用这台四千磅重的机器
15:46
Cars汽车 were not meant意味着 for parallel平行 parking停車處;
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汽车不适合平行停泊
15:49
they're wonderful精彩 machines to go between之间 cities城市, but just think about it:
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在城市之间移动他们是得力机器,但想想看:
15:53
we've我们已经 solved解决了 all the long-range长距离, high-speed高速 problems问题.
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我们解决了长距和高速的间题
15:58
The Greeks希腊人 went from the theater剧院 of Dionysus狄俄尼索斯 to the Parthenon帕台农神庙 in their sandals凉鞋.
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希腊人穿着凉鞋从狄俄尼索斯的剧院走到了帕台农神庙。
16:03
You do it in your sneakers球鞋.
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而你现在就穿着运动鞋
16:05
Not much has changed.
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变化不大
16:07
If this thing goes only three times as fast快速 as walking步行 -- three times --
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如果移动速度比走路快三倍──三倍──
16:12
a 30-minute-分钟 walk步行 becomes 10 minutes分钟.
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三十分钟的路程缩为十分钟
16:14
Your choice选择, when living活的 in a city, if it's now 10 minutes分钟 --
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如果你住在市区,你的选择是十分钟──
16:19
because at 30 minutes分钟 you want an alternative替代, whether是否 it's a bus总线, a train培养 --
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如果要半个小时的话,你需要别的方法,公车或火车也好
16:23
we've我们已经 got to build建立 an infrastructure基础设施 -- a light rail --
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我们得建设施 ── 轻轨 ──
16:25
or you're going to keep parking停車處 those cars汽车.
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你或者会选择继续泊车
16:27
But if you could put a pin in most cities城市,
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但是如果你在大多城市里能行动自如,
16:30
and imagine想像 how far you could, if you had the time, walk步行 in one half-hour半小时, it's the city.
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想象如果你有时间,你在城市里半个小时可以走多远。
16:36
If you could make it fun开玩笑, and make it eight or 10 minutes分钟,
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如果你可以把路程变得有趣,把它缩为八至十分钟
16:38
you can't find your car汽车, un-park未公园 your car汽车, move移动 your car汽车,
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你找不到车子,取回车子,开车
16:41
re-park重新公园 your car汽车 and go somewhere某处;
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再泊车,然后去别的地方
16:43
you can't get to a cab出租车 or a subway地铁.
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你不能打的或坐地铁
16:46
We could change更改 the way people allocate分配 their resources资源,
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你可以改变人类调配资源的方法
16:49
the way this planet行星 uses使用 its energy能源,
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世界消耗能源的方法
16:52
make it more fun开玩笑.
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让它变得有趣
16:54
And we're hoping希望 to some extent程度 history历史 will say we were right.
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我们希望历史将证明我们是对的。
16:59
That's Segway赛格威. This is a Stirling斯特林 cycle周期 engine发动机;
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它叫赛格威,这是循环发动机
17:02
this had been confused困惑 by a lot of things we're doing.
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我们很多工作把这个混淆了
17:06
This little beast, right now, is producing生产 a few少数 hundred watts of electricity电力.
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这小怪正产生数百瓦的电力
17:11
Yes, it could be attached to this,
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对,它能够做到
17:13
and yes, on a kilogram公斤 of propane丙烷,
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也对,利用一公斤丙烷
17:16
you could drive驾驶 from New York纽约 to Boston波士顿 if you so choose选择.
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你愿意的话,可以从纽约走到波士顿
17:21
Perhaps也许 more interesting有趣 about this little engine发动机 is it'll它会 burn烧伤 any fuel汽油,
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也许这台小机器更有趣之处是,它会燃烧任何燃料
17:25
because some of you might威力 be skeptical怀疑的
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因为你们有部分也许质疑
17:27
about the capability能力 of this to have an impact碰撞,
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这种性能的影响
17:31
where most of the world世界 you can't simply只是 plug插头 into your 120-volt-伏特 outlet出口.
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在大部分地方你都不能轻易插入120伏特的插座
17:35
We've我们已经 been working加工 on this,
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事实上我们正在研究这种
17:37
actually其实, as an alternative替代 energy能源 source资源,
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替代能源
17:39
starting开始 way back with Johnson约翰逊 & Johnson约翰逊, to run an iBOTIBOT,
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从强生公司开始,到使用iBOT,
17:41
because the best最好 batteries电池 you could get --
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因为你能得到的最好电池是
17:45
10 watt-hours瓦特小时 per kilogram公斤 in lead,
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每公斤铅十瓦特小时
17:47
20 watt-hours瓦特小时 per kilogram公斤 nickel-cadmium镍镉,
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每公斤镍镉二十瓦特小时
17:49
40 watt-hours瓦特小时 per kilogram公斤 in nickel-metal镍 - 金属 hydride氢化物,
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1045000
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每公斤镍金属水合物四十瓦特小时
17:51
60 watt-hours瓦特小时 per kilogram公斤 in lithium,
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1047000
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每公斤锂六十瓦特小时
17:54
8,750 watt-hours瓦特小时 of energy能源 in every一切 kilogram公斤 of propane丙烷 or gasoline汽油 --
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每公斤丙烷或汽油八千七百五十瓦特小时
17:59
which哪一个 is why nobody没有人 drives驱动器 electric电动 cars汽车.
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因此根本没人会开电动车
18:01
But, in any event事件, if you can burn烧伤 it with the same相同 efficiency效率 --
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可是,在任何时候,它都会以同样速度燃烧
18:07
because it's external外部 combustion燃烧 -- as your kitchen厨房 stove火炉,
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因为它是在外部燃烧,跟你家的炉灶一样
18:10
if you can burn烧伤 any fuel汽油, it turns out to be pretty漂亮 neat整齐.
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假如任何燃料都可使用,那么燃烧后都是干净的
18:13
It makes品牌 just enough足够 electricity电力 to, for instance, do this,
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比如说,这使得仅仅足够的电力这样做
18:16
which哪一个 at night is enough足够 electricity电力, in the rest休息 of the world世界,
313
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在其他地方,晚上有足够电力
18:19
as Mr先生. Holly冬青 -- Dr博士. Holly冬青 -- pointed out,
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正如霍利博士指出,
18:22
can run computers电脑 and a light bulb灯泡.
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启动电脑和开灯。
18:25
But more interestingly有趣, the thermodynamics热力学 of this say,
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更有趣的是,这方面的热力学家说
18:29
you're never going to get more than 20 percent百分 efficiency效率.
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你绝不能达到超过两成的效能
18:32
It doesn't matter much -- it says if you get 200 watts of electricity电力,
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也没多大关系,就是就如果有两百瓦特的电力
18:35
you'll你会 get 700 or 800 watts of heat.
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就会产生七百到八百的热能
18:38
If you wanted to boil water and re-condense再冷凝 it at a rate of 10 gallons加仑 an hour小时,
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如果你想使水沸腾并以每小时10加仑的比率重新凝聚,
18:43
it takes about 25, a little over 25.3 kilowatt千瓦 --
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要花25,25.3多千瓦特——
18:46
25,000 watts of continuous连续 power功率 -- to do it.
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2万5千瓦的持续能量来完成。
18:50
That's so much energy能源, you couldn't不能 afford给予 to desalinate淡化
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这么多能量,你没法在我国
18:52
or clean清洁 water in this country国家 that way.
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用这种方式淡化或净水。
18:54
Certainly当然, in the rest休息 of the world世界, your choice选择 is to devastate蹂躏 the place地点,
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当然,在世界的其他地方,你的选择是毁掉这个地方,
18:58
turning车削 everything that will burn烧伤 into heat, or drink the water that's available可得到.
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把所有可燃的物质都转化为热能,或把所有可喝的水都喝光
19:03
The number one cause原因 of death死亡 on this planet行星 among其中 humans人类 is bad water.
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世界首要致命原因就是恶水
19:07
Depending根据 on whose谁的 numbers数字 you believe,
328
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视乎你相信那组数字
19:09
it's between之间 60 and 85,000 people per day.
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每天有六十至八万五人因此死亡
19:12
We don't need sophisticated复杂的 heart transplants移植 around the world世界.
330
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我们不需成熟的心脏移植手术
19:15
We need water.
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我们需要水源
19:17
And women妇女 shouldn't不能 have to spend four hours小时 a day looking for it,
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妇女们不该再每天花四小时寻找水源
19:20
or watching观看 their kids孩子 die.
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或看着孩子死亡
19:22
We figured想通 out how to put a vapor-compression蒸汽压缩 distiller蒸馏器 on this thing,
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我们研究到怎样把蒸汽压缩蒸馏器放在上面
19:25
with a counter-flow逆流 heat exchanger to take the waste浪费 heat,
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再以反流式换热器采余温
19:28
then using运用 a little bit of the electricity电力 control控制 that process处理,
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用少量电力控制这过程
19:32
and for 450 watts, which哪一个 is a little more than half of its waste浪费 heat,
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用450瓦,是废热的一半多一点,
19:38
it will make 10 gallons加仑 an hour小时 of distilled蒸馏 water
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每小时就能造出十加仑蒸馏水
19:40
from anything that comes into it to cool it.
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从任何使用的燃料那里得到的能量来给它降温。
19:42
So if we put this box on here in a few少数 years年份,
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如果把盒子放在这
19:45
could we have a solution to transportation运输, electricity电力,
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这几年间我们能否在这个重60磅的盒子里
19:51
and communication通讯, and maybe drinkable饮用 water
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得到解决交通、电力、
19:55
in a sustainable可持续发展 package that weighs 60 pounds英镑?
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通讯,或许饮用水问题的方案?
19:59
I don't know, but we'll try it.
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我不知道,但我们会试试看
20:01
I better shut关闭 up.
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我得闭嘴了。
20:03
(Applause掌声)
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(鼓掌)
Translated by Amy Zerotus
Reviewed by Tony Yet

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dean Kamen - Inventor
Dean Kamen landed in the limelight with the Segway, but he has been innovating since high school, with more than 150 patents under his belt. Recent projects include portable energy and water purification for the developing world, and a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers.

Why you should listen

Dean Kamen is an innovator, but not just of things. He hopes to revolutionize attitudes, quality of life, awareness. While an undergraduate, he developed the first portable infusion device, which delivers drug treatments that once required round-the-clock hospital care. And, through his DEKA Research and Development, which he cofounded in 1982, he developed a portable dialysis machine, a vascular stent, and the iBOT -- a motorized wheelchair that climbs stairs (Stephen Colbert took one for a spin).

Yes, he's a college dropout, but he's a huge believer in education, and in 1989 established the nonprofit FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) to inspire teenagers to pursue careers in science. FIRST sponsors lively annual competitions, where students form teams to create the best robot.

His focus now is on off-grid electricity and water purification for developing countries; another recent project, previewed at TED2007, is a prosthetic arm for maimed soldiers (read an update here). He's also working on a power source for the wonderful Think car. And, with more funding in the works, we haven't seen the last of the Segway.

More profile about the speaker
Dean Kamen | Speaker | TED.com