ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED-Ed

Chris Anderson (TED): Questions no one knows the answers to

Filmed:
17,835,841 views

In a new TED-Ed series designed to catalyze curiosity, TED Curator Chris Anderson shares his obsession with questions that no one (yet) knows the answers to. A short intro leads into two questions: Why can't we see evidence of alien life? on.ted.com/AlienLife and How many universes are there? on.ted.com/HowMany ... Find more TED-Ed videos on our new YouTube channel: youtube.com/TEDEd.
- TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
On a typical典型 day at school學校,
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在學校尋常的一天裡
00:18
endless無窮 hours小時 are spent花費 learning學習
the answers答案 to questions問題,
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永遠沒有盡頭的時間
花在學習問題的解答上
但是現在我們要反過來做
00:22
but right now, we'll do the opposite對面.
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我們將關注於你無法
學到答案的問題上
00:26
We're going to focus焦點 on questions問題
where you can't learn學習 the answers答案
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因為答案還沒有人知道的
00:29
because they're unknown未知.
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我在孩童時期曾經對很多事情感到不解
00:31
I used to puzzle難題 about a lot of things
as a boy男孩, for example:
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例如當狗會是什麼樣的感覺?
00:36
What would it feel like to be a dog?
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魚會感覺到疼痛嗎?
00:39
Do fish feel pain疼痛?
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那昆蟲又怎樣呢?
00:41
How about insects昆蟲?
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「宇宙大爆炸」僅是個意外嗎?
00:43
Was the Big Bang just an accident事故?
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00:47
And is there a God?
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上帝真的存在嗎?
00:49
And if so, how are we so sure
that it's a He and not a She?
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如果真的有-我們如何確定
祂是男生而非女生呢?
00:53
Why do so many許多 innocent無辜 people
and animals動物 suffer遭受 terrible可怕 things?
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為什麼會有這麼多無辜的人類和動物
遭受到悲慘的事情?
00:57
Is there really a plan計劃 for my life?
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我的生命中真的有命數嗎?
未來是否還沒註定好呢?
01:00
Is the future未來 yet然而 to be written書面,
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01:02
or is it already已經 written書面
and we just can't see it?
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還是未來早已註定好了
而我們不過無從得知而已
01:05
But then, do I have free自由 will?
I mean, who am I anyway無論如何?
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不過話說回來我有自由意志嗎?
我是指我到底是誰呢?
我僅僅是一台活生生的機器嗎?
01:08
Am I just a biological生物 machine?
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不過話說回來我為什麼會有意識呢?
意識又是什麼東西呢?
01:11
But then, why am I conscious意識?
What is consciousness意識?
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機器人哪天也會變成有意識的嗎?
01:15
Will robots機器人 become成為 conscious意識 one day?
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我彷若在假設未來的某一天
01:19
I mean, I kind of assumed假定 that some day
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會有人告訴我所有這些問題的答案
01:21
I would be told the answers答案
to all these questions問題.
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肯定有人知道答案對吧!
01:25
Someone有人 must必須 know, right?
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01:28
Guess猜測 what? No one knows知道.
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你猜怎麼著-沒有人知道的
大部分的問題困惑著我更甚以往
01:32
Most of those questions問題
puzzle難題 me more now than ever.
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但是探索這些問題是很有趣的
因為它會帶你到知識的盡頭
01:35
But diving潛水 into them is exciting扣人心弦
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01:38
because it takes you
to the edge邊緣 of knowledge知識,
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而你永遠不知道你會在那裡發現到什麼
01:40
and you never know what you'll你會 find there.
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因此由兩個地球上沒有人
知道答案的問題來做開端吧!
01:43
So, two questions問題 that no one
on Earth地球 knows知道 the answer回答 to.
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(音樂)
01:50
(Music音樂)
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[有多少個宇宙存在呢?]
01:52
[How many許多 universes宇宙 are there?]
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有時候當我坐在遠途飛行的飛機上時
01:57
Sometimes有時 when I'm on a long plane平面 flight飛行,
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02:00
I gaze凝視 out at all those
mountains and deserts沙漠
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我會向外凝視那些山脈和沙漠
嘗試著猜測我們的地球到底有多巨大
02:02
and try to get my head
around how vast廣大 our Earth地球 is.
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02:06
And then I remember記得
that there's an object目的 we see every一切 day
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接著我想到一個我們每天
都看得到的東西
恰恰可以裝進一百萬個地球-就是太陽
02:09
that would literally按照字面 fit適合
one million百萬 Earths地球 inside it:
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02:13
the Sun太陽.
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它應該是大到不切實際了
02:14
It seems似乎 impossibly不可能 big.
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其實不過也只是滄海一粟罷了
02:15
But in the great scheme方案
of things, it's a pinprick針刺,
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只是銀河系四千億顆星星的其中之一
02:19
one of about 400 billion十億 stars明星
in the Milky乳白色 Way galaxy星系,
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這些星星你可以在晴朗的夜晚看到
02:23
which哪一個 you can see on a clear明確 night
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如同白茫的霧氣般在天空延展
02:25
as a pale蒼白 white白色 mist薄霧
stretched拉伸 across橫過 the sky天空.
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還有更不堪的事
02:28
And it gets得到 worse更差.
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或許只有一千億個的星系是可以被
我們的天文望遠鏡所探測到的
02:29
There are maybe 100 billion十億 galaxies星系
detectable檢測 by our telescopes望遠鏡.
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假設每個星星是
一粒沙子的大小的話
02:33
So if each star was the size尺寸
of a single grain糧食 of sand,
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僅僅銀河系就有足夠的星星
02:38
just the Milky乳白色 Way has enough足夠 stars明星
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以沙子填出 30 乘 30 平方呎大
02:40
to fill a 30-foot-腳丫子 by 30-foot-腳丫子
stretch伸展 of beach海灘
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02:42
three feet deep with sand.
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3 呎深的沙灘
02:45
And the entire整個 Earth地球
doesn't have enough足夠 beaches海灘
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整個地球上的沙灘甚至還不足以
02:48
to represent代表 the stars明星
in the overall總體 universe宇宙.
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代表全宇宙中所有的星星數
這樣的一個沙灘將會綿延數億英里長
02:51
Such這樣 a beach海灘 would continue繼續 for literally按照字面
hundreds數以百計 of millions百萬 of miles英里.
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天啊!史蒂芬.霍金
這可是超級多的星星啊
02:55
Holy Stephen斯蒂芬 Hawking霍金,
that is a lot of stars明星.
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但是現在他和其他物理學家相信實際上
02:59
But he and other physicists物理學家
now believe in a reality現實
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03:02
that is unimaginably超乎想像 bigger still.
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仍然還要比現在所知多上不知道多少
首先天文望遠鏡掌握到的一千億個星系
03:06
I mean, first of all,
the 100 billion十億 galaxies星系
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03:08
within range範圍 of our telescopes望遠鏡
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03:09
are probably大概 a minuscule微不足道
fraction分數 of the total.
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可能只是總數裡極小的部分
03:12
Space空間 itself本身 is expanding擴大
at an accelerating加速 pace步伐.
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太空正以加速度擴展中
03:16
The vast廣大 majority多數 of the galaxies星系
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絕大部分的星系正迅速離我們而去
03:18
are separating分離 from us so fast快速
that light from them may可能 never reach達到 us.
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它們所發出的光線可能永遠到不了地球
03:23
Still, our physical物理 reality現實 here on Earth地球
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我們地球上的物理現象
03:26
is intimately密切 connected連接的
to those distant遙遠, invisible無形 galaxies星系.
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仍舊緊密地與那些遙遠的、
見不著的星系有關聯
我們可以把它們看做是
我們的宇宙的一部分
03:29
We can think of them
as part部分 of our universe宇宙.
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它們組成了一個巨大的體系
03:32
They make up a single, giant巨人 edifice大廈
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遵循著相同的物理法則
而且全部都是由與構成了你和我
03:35
obeying服從 the same相同 physical物理 laws法律
and all made製作 from the same相同 types類型 of atoms原子,
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03:38
electrons電子, protons質子, quarks夸克, neutrinos中微子,
that make up you and me.
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相同的原子、電子、質子、
垮克、中子所組成
然而包括「弦理論」在內的近期物理理論
03:42
However然而, recent最近 theories理論 in physics物理,
including包含 one called string theory理論,
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告訴了我們可能有著
無以計數由不同粒子、
03:46
are now telling告訴 us there could be
countless無數 other universes宇宙
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03:50
built內置 on different不同 types類型 of particles粒子,
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帶有不同屬性所建立、
遵循不同法則的其他宇宙存在
03:52
with different不同 properties性能,
obeying服從 different不同 laws法律.
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大部分的宇宙可能永遠不能供養生命
03:54
Most of these universes宇宙
could never support支持 life,
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03:57
and might威力 flash in and out
of existence存在 in a nanosecond納秒.
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而且其誕生與消滅可能只在豪微秒以內
不過無論如何它們總算一起構成了
可能多達11次元空間的巨大多元宇宙
04:01
But nonetheless儘管如此,, combined結合,
they make up a vast廣大 multiverse多重宇宙
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04:04
of possible可能 universes宇宙
in up to 11 dimensions尺寸,
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04:07
featuring特色 wonders奇蹟
beyond our wildest最瘋狂 imagination想像力.
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我們最奔放的想像力也勾不著之奇景
「弦理論」最主流之版本預測出由 10 的
500 次方個宇宙構成一個多元宇宙
04:12
The leading領導 version of string theory理論
predicts預測 a multiverse多重宇宙
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04:15
made製作 up of 10 to the 500 universes宇宙.
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就是 1 後面帶著 500 個 0
04:17
That's a one followed其次 by 500 zeros,
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04:20
a number so vast廣大 that if every一切 atom原子
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一個如此龐大的數字
如果我們可觀測到的宇宙裡
每粒原子都有自己的宇宙
04:23
in our observable可觀察 universe宇宙
had its own擁有 universe宇宙,
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以及在所有那些的宇宙中全部的原子
各自有自己的宇宙
04:27
and all of the atoms原子
in all those universes宇宙 each had
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04:29
their own擁有 universe宇宙,
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你再重複兩輪同樣的推演
04:32
and you repeated重複 that for two more cycles週期,
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04:34
you'd still be at a tiny
fraction分數 of the total,
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你仍將會是總數的一小部分而已
也就是 1 /10 的 180 次方
04:37
namely亦即, one trillion trillion trillion
trillion trillion trillion trillion
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04:41
trillion trillion trillion trillion
trillion trillion trillion trillionth萬億.
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(笑聲)
04:46
(Laughter笑聲)
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即便是這個數字與另一個數字
相比還是微不足道:無窮
04:47
But even that number
is minuscule微不足道 compared相比 to another另一個 number:
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04:53
infinity無窮.
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04:54
Some physicists物理學家 think the space-time時空
continuum連續 is literally按照字面 infinite無窮
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部分物理學家認為時空
連續體確實就是無窮大
04:57
and that it contains包含 an infinite無窮 number
of so-called所謂 pocket口袋 universes宇宙
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而且那包含了無窮帶有不同屬性
名喚"自成一格之宇宙"的東西
05:01
with varying不同 properties性能.
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你的大腦還能運作吧?
05:03
How's怎麼樣 your brain doing?
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「量子論」添加了全新的問題進來
05:05
Quantum量子 theory理論 adds增加 a whole整個 new wrinkle皺紋.
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05:07
I mean, the theory's理論的 been proven證明
true真正 beyond all doubt懷疑,
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該理論已經從所有的
質疑聲中被證實為真了
05:09
but interpreting解讀 it is baffling莫名其妙,
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不過我是指釐清它很容易讓人搞糊塗
05:11
and some physicists物理學家 think
you can only un-baffle聯合國擋板 it
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有些物理學家認為
只有當你想像著龐大數量的平行宇宙
在每個時點又誕生了出來
05:15
if you imagine想像 that huge巨大 numbers數字
of parallel平行 universes宇宙
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05:17
are being存在 spawned催生 every一切 moment時刻,
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而且多數的那些宇宙將會確實
非常類似於我們所在的世界
05:20
and many許多 of these universes宇宙 would actually其實
be very like the world世界 we're in,
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還會包含繁多個你本人的翻版
這樣你才可能不搞混
05:23
would include包括 multiple copies副本 of you.
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在其中一個宇宙你會光榮地畢業、
05:25
In one such這樣 universe宇宙,
you'd graduate畢業 with honors榮譽
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以及與你的夢中情人成婚
05:28
and marry結婚 the person of your dreams,
and in another另一個, not so much.
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而在另一個宇宙中的你就沒那麼好了
也還是有一些科學家可能
會說這是一派胡言
05:33
Well, there are still some scientists科學家們
who would say, hogwash泔水.
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對於有多少宇宙存在這個問題
只有一個有意義的答案
05:36
The only meaningful富有意義的 answer回答 to the question
of how many許多 universes宇宙 there are is one.
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那就是僅僅一個宇宙而已!
05:40
Only one universe宇宙.
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05:42
And a few少數 philosophers哲學家
and mystics神秘主義者 might威力 argue爭論
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有少部分哲學家和神秘力量信奉者
會說就連我們的宇宙也不過是個幻像
05:45
that even our own擁有 universe宇宙 is an illusion錯覺.
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所以如同你所能知道的
對於這個問題現在仍沒有一個共識
05:49
So, as you can see, right now
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05:51
there is no agreement協議
on this question, not even close.
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還差的遠呢!
05:54
All we know is the answer回答 is somewhere某處
between之間 zero and infinity無窮.
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我們只知道這個答案
介於零到無窮之間
我認為我們還知道另一件事情
05:59
Well, I guess猜測 we know one other thing.
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這是絕佳的時候來學習物理
06:01
This is a pretty漂亮 cool time
to be studying研究 physics物理.
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06:05
We just might威力 be undergoing經歷
the biggest最大 paradigm範例 shift轉移 in knowledge知識
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我們可能正在經歷人類有史以來
知識上最大的思維方式轉變
06:08
that humanity人性 has ever seen看到.
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06:10
(Music音樂)
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(音樂)
[為什麼找不到外星生命的跡象呢?]
06:14
[Why can't we see evidence證據 of alien外僑 life?]
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在浩瀚宇宙的某一處
06:17
Somewhere某處 out there in that vast廣大 universe宇宙
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肯定有無數的其他星球充斥著生命體
06:20
there must必須 surely一定 be countless無數
other planets行星 teeming豐富的 with life.
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06:23
But why don't we see any evidence證據 of it?
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但是為什麼我們看不到任何跡象呢?
「恩里科‧費米」在 1950 年
提問了這個著名的問題:
06:27
Well, this is the famous著名 question
asked by Enrico恩里科 Fermi費米 in 1950:
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「外星人都在哪兒呢?」
06:30
Where is everybody每個人?
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密謀論主義們聲稱不明飛行物體
亦即「幽浮」不時光臨到地球
06:33
Conspiracy陰謀 theorists理論家 claim要求 that UFOs不明飛行物
are visiting訪問 all the time
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06:36
and the reports報告 are just being存在 covered覆蓋 up,
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而且有關的報告、報導都被掩蓋了
不過老實講他們也不是很有說服力啦
06:39
but honestly老老實實, they aren't very convincing使人信服.
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但是這留下了一個真正的謎團
06:41
But that leaves樹葉 a real真實 riddle謎語.
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去年裡克卜勒太空望遠鏡
又在一些恆星週邊發現了數以百計的行星
06:44
In the past過去 year,
the Kepler開普勒 space空間 observatory天文台
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06:47
has found發現 hundreds數以百計 of planets行星
just around nearby附近 stars明星.
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如果你用那些資料估算一下
06:50
And if you extrapolate推斷 that data數據,
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06:52
it looks容貌 like there could
be half a trillion planets行星
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光我們銀河系就很可能
有 5000 億顆的行星
06:55
just in our own擁有 galaxy星系.
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假使一萬顆裡有任何一顆行星
有著能供養某型態生命的條件
06:58
If any one in 10,000 has conditions條件
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07:00
that might威力 support支持 a form形成 of life,
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在銀河系裡面
07:03
that's still 50 million百萬 possible可能
life-harboring窩藏生命的 planets行星
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依然還有五千萬顆
可能蘊藏生命體的行星
07:06
right here in the Milky乳白色 Way.
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所以謎團在這裡
07:08
So here's這裡的 the riddle謎語:
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地球直到「宇宙大爆炸」90 億年
之後才開始形成
07:10
our Earth地球 didn't form形成
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07:11
until直到 about nine billion十億 years年份
after the Big Bang.
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在我們的星系中有無數星球
應該形成於更早之前
07:15
Countless無數 other planets行星 in our galaxy星系
should have formed形成 earlier,
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07:19
and given特定 life a chance機會 to get underway進行
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給予生命體現蹤的機會
早於地球出現生命體之前的
數十億年或數千萬年
07:21
billions數十億, or certainly當然 many許多 millions百萬
of years年份 earlier than happened發生 on Earth地球.
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如果只有一小部分孕育出過智慧生命
07:27
If just a few少數 of them
had spawned催生 intelligent智能 life
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並且創造出科技
07:30
and started開始 creating創建 technologies技術,
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那些科技早已有數百萬年的時間
07:32
those technologies技術 would have
had millions百萬 of years年份
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來提升複雜性和力量
07:35
to grow增長 in complexity複雜 and power功率.
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在地球上
07:39
On Earth地球,
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我們已經見識到科技可以如何
突然間單單在一百年內加速發展
07:40
we've我們已經 seen看到 how dramatically顯著
technology技術 can accelerate加速
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07:43
in just 100 years年份.
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在數百萬年裡一個高智慧的外星文明
07:46
In millions百萬 of years年份,
an intelligent智能 alien外僑 civilization文明
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肯定可以輕易地流傳遍整個星系
07:50
could easily容易 have spread傳播 out
across橫過 the galaxy星系,
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07:52
perhaps也許 creating創建 giant巨人
energy-harvesting能量收集 artifacts文物
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或許創造出巨型的採收能量裝置
或者是太空船殖民艦隊
07:56
or fleets車隊 of colonizing殖民 spaceships飛船
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或是可以填滿夜空的美麗藝術作品
07:59
or glorious輝煌 works作品 of art藝術
that fill the night sky天空.
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最起碼你會認為
08:03
At the very least最小, you'd think
they'd他們會 be revealing揭示 their presence存在,
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不論刻意與否
08:06
deliberately故意 or otherwise除此以外,
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應該有透過某種電磁波訊號
或是其他方式顯露出它們的存在
08:07
through通過 electromagnetic電磁 signals信號
of one kind or another另一個.
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但是我們還找不到任何有力的證據
08:11
And yet然而 we see no convincing使人信服
evidence證據 of any of it.
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為什麼呢?
08:13
Why?
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08:16
Well, there are numerous眾多 possible可能 answers答案,
some of them quite相當 dark黑暗.
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是這樣啦,有許多可能的答案
其中有一些很令人絕望
08:21
Maybe a single,
superintelligent超智 civilization文明
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也許單一超智慧文明
08:24
has indeed確實 taken採取 over the galaxy星系
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已經確實掌控了銀河系
而且實施嚴格的電波靜音
08:27
and has imposed徵收 strict嚴格 radio無線電 silence安靜
161
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08:29
because it's paranoid偏執
of any potential潛在 competitors競爭對手.
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因為它會對任何潛在的競爭對手擔憂不已
它就是已經坐等著要徹底摧毀
會變成威脅的任何東西
08:32
It's just sitting坐在 there
ready準備 to obliterate
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08:35
anything that becomes a threat威脅.
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或者它們也許沒那麼有智慧
08:39
Or maybe they're not that intelligent智能,
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又或許創造精密科技的智慧能力進化
08:42
or perhaps也許 the evolution演化
of an intelligence情報
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08:44
capable of creating創建
sophisticated複雜的 technology技術
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08:47
is far rarer罕見的 than we've我們已經 assumed假定.
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遠比我們所設想的更難得
08:49
After all, it's only happened發生 once一旦
on Earth地球 in four billion十億 years年份.
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四十億年來終究只發生過一次
就是在地球上
也許就連這次已是無比地幸運了
08:53
Maybe even that was incredibly令人難以置信 lucky幸運.
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或許我們是本星系中的第一個智慧文明
08:56
Maybe we are the first
such這樣 civilization文明 in our galaxy星系.
171
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3127
09:01
Or, perhaps也許 civilization文明 carries攜帶 with it
the seeds種子 of its own擁有 destruction毀壞
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或者有可能文明帶有無力控制
其所創造出之科技的自我毀滅因子
09:06
through通過 the inability無力 to control控制
the technologies技術 it creates創建.
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不過還是有很多充滿希望的答案
09:11
But there are numerous眾多
more hopeful有希望 answers答案.
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2122
09:13
For a start開始, we're not looking that hard,
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首先我們並沒有認真在搜找
我們現在只花極少的金錢在這上頭
09:15
and we're spending開支
a pitiful可憐 amount of money on it.
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在我們星系只有一小部分星球
09:18
Only a tiny fraction分數
of the stars明星 in our galaxy星系
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09:21
have really been looked看著 at closely密切
for signs跡象 of interesting有趣 signals信號.
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真的曾經被仔細觀察過
值得玩味之訊號的跡象
或者是我們沒有找對方向、用對方法
09:26
And perhaps也許 we're not looking
the right way.
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也許當文明在發展時
09:29
Maybe as civilizations文明 develop發展,
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09:31
they quickly很快 discover發現
communication通訊 technologies技術
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他們很快地就發現了遠比電磁波
更精密、更有用的通訊科技
09:33
far more sophisticated複雜的 and useful有用
than electromagnetic電磁 waves波浪.
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也許所有的動作都發生在最近才被發現
09:38
Maybe all the action行動 takes place地點
inside the mysterious神秘
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如謎般的暗黑物質或是暗黑能量之中
09:41
recently最近 discovered發現 dark黑暗 matter,
184
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2017
09:43
or dark黑暗 energy能源, that appear出現 to account帳戶
for most of the universe's宇宙 mass.
185
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那看起來佔了整個宇宙的絕大多數
或者可能我們找錯了大小範圍
09:49
Or, maybe we're looking
at the wrong錯誤 scale規模.
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09:52
Perhaps也許 intelligent智能
civilizations文明 come to realize實現
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也許智慧文明理解到生命最終
只用美妙的方式
09:55
that life is ultimately最終
just complex複雜 patterns模式 of information信息
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以複雜之資訊彼此互動
09:57
interacting互動 with each other
in a beautiful美麗 way,
189
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2204
10:00
and that that can happen發生 more
efficiently有效率的 at a small scale規模.
190
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這種互動溝通在小規模下變得更有效
因此就如同地球上笨重的立體音響
10:03
So, just as on Earth地球,
clunky笨重 stereo立體聲 systems系統 have shrunk壓縮
191
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已縮小成美麗輕巧的 iPod
10:06
to beautiful美麗, tiny iPodsiPod播放器,
maybe intelligent智能 life itself本身,
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或許智能生命體為了減少在環境中
留下的足跡已經將自己變得微不可察
10:09
in order訂購 to reduce減少 its footprint腳印
on the environment環境,
193
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10:11
has turned轉身 itself本身 microscopic顯微.
194
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1943
10:13
So the Solar太陽能 System系統
might威力 be teeming豐富的 with aliens外星人,
195
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因此太陽系也許滿是外星人
我們就只是無法察覺到它們而已
10:16
and we're just not noticing注意到 them.
196
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可能我們腦中的此刻的想法就是
一種外星生命的形式
10:17
Maybe the very ideas思路 in our heads
are a form形成 of alien外僑 life.
197
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好啦,這真是個瘋狂的想法
10:21
Well, okay, that's a crazy thought.
198
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是外星人讓我這麼說的
10:24
The aliens外星人 made製作 me say it.
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不過這實在很勁爆
說想法似乎全都有各自的生命
10:26
But it is cool that ideas思路 do seem似乎
to have a life all of their own擁有
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而且比想出它們的人更長壽
10:30
and that they outlive活得比 their creators創作者.
201
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也許生理生命只不過是個過渡的階段
10:33
Maybe biological生物 life
is just a passing通過 phase.
202
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在未來十五年裡我們有可能看到
來自有良機的鄰近行星之真實光譜資料
10:39
Well, within the next下一個 15 years年份,
203
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10:41
we could start開始 seeing眼看
real真實 spectroscopic光譜 information信息
204
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10:44
from promising有希望 nearby附近 planets行星
205
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那將顯現它們可能有多麼迎合生命
10:45
that will reveal揭示 just
how life-friendly生活友好 they might威力 be.
206
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2536
10:48
And meanwhile與此同時, SETISETI, the Search搜索
for Extraterrestrial外星人 Intelligence情報,
207
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同時「搜尋天外文明計畫」亦即 SETI
10:52
is now releasing釋放 its data數據 to the public上市
208
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現在正對普羅大眾開放它的資料
10:54
so that millions百萬 of citizen公民 scientists科學家們,
maybe including包含 you,
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因此可能也包括你在內的
數百萬平民科學家
10:57
can bring帶來 the power功率 of the crowd人群
to join加入 the search搜索.
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能把群眾的力量帶進這個研究中
而在地球上已經做過了試著憑空
創造出生命的神奇實驗
11:00
And here on Earth地球, amazing驚人 experiments實驗
211
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2014
11:02
are being存在 doneDONE to try
to create創建 life from scratch,
212
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11:05
life that might威力 be very different不同
from the DNA脫氧核糖核酸 forms形式 we know.
213
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此生命可能與我們所知的
DNA 型式非常不一樣
這所有一切將會幫助我們瞭解
11:09
All of this will help us understand理解
whether是否 the universe宇宙 is teeming豐富的 with life
214
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到底宇宙是充滿生命體
11:14
or whether是否, indeed確實, it's just us.
215
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或者確實就只有我們而已
兩個答案各有千秋都令人敬佩
11:19
Either answer回答, in its own擁有 way,
216
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11:22
is awe-inspiring凜然,
217
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因為就算我們是唯一的智慧文明
11:25
because even if we are alone單獨,
218
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我們思索、夢想、問這些問題的現實
11:27
the fact事實 that we think and dream夢想
and ask these questions問題
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可能會變成宇宙中最重要的事實之一
11:31
might威力 yet然而 turn out to be
220
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11:33
one of the most important重要 facts事實
about the universe宇宙.
221
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11:36
And I have one more piece
of good news新聞 for you.
222
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2734
而且我要再多給你一則好消息
追求知識和理解永遠不會乏味
11:39
The quest尋求 for knowledge知識
and understanding理解 never gets得到 dull平淡.
223
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2826
11:41
It doesn't. It's actually其實 the opposite對面.
224
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不但不會還恰恰相反
11:44
The more you know,
the more amazing驚人 the world世界 seems似乎.
225
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你知道的越多
這個世界就似乎越神奇
11:47
And it's the crazy possibilities可能性,
the unanswered懸而未決 questions問題,
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其中荒唐的可能性和尚未有答案的問題
催促著我們向前進
11:51
that pull us forward前鋒.
227
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11:52
So stay curious好奇.
228
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所以持續好奇吧!
Translated by Melody Tang
Reviewed by Harry Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com

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