TED2014
Charmian Gooch: My wish: To launch a new era of openness in business
夏密安．古奇: 我的願望：開啟商業公開的新時代
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匿名公司保護腐敗的人，包括販毒集團首腦、臭名昭彰的軍火販賣商，讓他們躲在謎團當中，將他們的揪出並繩之以法變得難上加難。然而，反貪污積極份子夏密安．古奇希望改變這一切。在 TED2014 上，她與大家分享了她獲得 TED 大獎的勇敢願望：知道是誰擁有和操控這些匿名公司、改變法律，並開啟一個商業公開的新時代。
Charmian Gooch - Anti-corruption activist
Charmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources. Full bio
Charmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I've come here today
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今天在此，
00:13
to talk to you about a problem.
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我想與在座各位探討一個問題。
00:16
It's a very simple yet devastating problem,
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這個問題相當簡單，但危害性巨大，
00:19
one that spans the globe
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全球各地都有它的蹤跡，
00:21
and is affecting all of us.
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與我們每個人息息相關。
00:24
The problem is
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這個問題就是
00:26
anonymous companies.
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匿名公司。
00:29
It sounds like a really dry and technical thing,
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聽上去很無聊、很複雜
00:31
doesn't it?
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對不對？
00:32
But anonymous companies are making it difficult
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現今的匿名公司卻讓人很難，
00:34
and sometimes impossible
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有時甚至不可能，
00:37
to find out
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揪出
00:39
the actual human beings responsible
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幕後真正的負責人，
00:42
sometimes for really terrible crimes.
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有時候他們甚至犯下滔天大罪。
00:47
So, why am I here talking to all of you?
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那麼，我為何要在此
跟各位探討這個問題呢？
跟各位探討這個問題呢？
00:52
Well, I guess I am a lifelong troublemaker
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我想我這個人一輩子都愛自找麻煩。
00:56
and when my parents taught my twin brother and I
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當我雙親教我和雙胞胎哥哥
00:59
to question authority,
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質疑權威時，
01:01
I don't think they knew where it might lead.
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我想他們沒料到這會造成什麼後果。
01:03
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:04
And, they probably really regretted it
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他們大概也真後悔了，
01:06
during my stroppy teenage years when, predictably,
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特別是在我青春叛逆期，想當然爾，
01:09
I questioned their authority a lot.
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我經常質疑他們的權威。
01:11
And a lot of my school teachers
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我學校裡的教師
01:13
didn't appreciate it much either.
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大多都也不欣賞我這點。
01:16
You see, since the age of about five
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實際上，大概從五歲開始
01:18
I've always asked the question, but why?
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我就一直愛問，可是為什麼？
01:22
But why does the Earth go around the sun?
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可是為什麼地球圍著太陽轉？
01:25
But why is blood red?
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可是為什麼血是紅色？
01:26
But why do I have to go to school?
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可是為什麼我要去上學？
01:29
But why do I have to respect the teachers
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可是為什麼我要尊重老師
01:31
and authority?
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和權威？
01:33
And little did I realize
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但是我一點都沒意識到
01:34
that this question would become the basis
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這樣的問題竟然為
我日後一切行動打下基礎。
01:37
of everything I would do.
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01:40
And so it was
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大概是在
01:42
in my twenties, a long time ago,
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我二十多歲時，很久以前的事，
01:44
that one rainy Sunday afternoon in North London
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在倫敦北部某個下雨的週日下午，
01:48
I was sitting with Simon Taylor
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我、賽門．泰勒
01:50
and Patrick Alley
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還有派翠克．艾黎坐在一起。
01:52
and we were busy stuffing envelopes
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我們當時忙著塞信封
01:54
for a mail out in the office of the campaign group
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從倡議團體辦公室寄出信件。
01:57
where we worked at the time.
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我們當時替這倡議團體工作。
01:59
And as usual, we were talking
about the world's problems.
about the world's problems.
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跟以往一樣，
我們會聊國際上的問題。
我們會聊國際上的問題。
02:03
And in particular, we were talking about
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那次我們談到
02:05
the civil war in Cambodia.
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柬埔寨內戰。
02:08
And we had talked about that
many, many times before.
many, many times before.
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這個話題我們談過很多遍了。
02:12
But then suddenly we stopped
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但是，突然我們停了下來
02:14
and looked at each other
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盯著對方，
02:16
and said, but why don't we try and change this?
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問道：我們為何不嘗試改變這個現狀？
02:20
And from that slightly crazy question,
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就從這個有點瘋狂的問題之後，
02:23
over two decades
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二十多年以來，
02:25
and many campaigns later,
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經歷過多次倡議運動之後，
02:27
including alerting the world
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這也包括向世界
02:29
to the problem of blood diamonds funding war,
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警示關於血鑽資助戰爭的問題，
02:32
from that crazy question,
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自從此瘋狂問題提出，
02:34
Global Witness is now an 80-strong team
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「全球目擊」現已成為一個
擁有 80 名成員的大型團隊，
擁有 80 名成員的大型團隊，
02:37
of campaigners, investigators,
journalists and lawyers.
journalists and lawyers.
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其中有活動發起人、調查員、記者和律師。
02:41
And we're all driven by the same belief,
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我們有共同的信念
02:44
that change really is possible.
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那就是：改變，真的是有可能的。
02:48
So, what exactly does Global Witness do?
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「全球目擊」到底是做什麼的？
02:51
We investigate, we report,
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我們調查、報導，
02:53
to uncover the people really responsible
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以揪出真正需為引發、資助衝突負責的人、
02:56
for funding conflict --
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02:58
for stealing millions from citizens around the world,
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從各國人民身上
竊取巨額財富的人，
竊取巨額財富的人，
03:02
also known as state looting,
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這也是所謂的搶劫國家，
03:03
and for destroying the environment.
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以及需要為破壞環境負責的人。
03:06
And then we campaign hard to
change the system itself.
change the system itself.
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然後我們透過積極推廣各種運動
來改變機制。
來改變機制。
03:11
And we're doing this because
so many of the countries
so many of the countries
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我們之所以這樣做，是因為許多國家
03:14
rich in natural resources
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擁有豐富自然資源，
03:16
like oil or diamonds or timber
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例如石油、鑽石、木材，
03:19
are home to some of the poorest
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而它們的人民多為全世界最窮苦、
03:21
and most dispossessed people on the planet.
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一無所有的人。
03:25
And much of this injustice
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如今大部分的不公平
03:27
is made possible
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之所以存在，
03:29
by currently accepted business practices.
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皆因這些商業行為普遍為世人所接受。
03:32
And one of these is anonymous companies.
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而匿名公司，就是其中之一。
03:37
Now we've come up against anonymous companies
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現在我們已經在多項調查中，
03:39
in lots of our investigations,
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堅決抵制匿名公司
03:41
like in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
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譬如，在剛果民主共和國，
03:43
where we exposed how secretive deals
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我們揭發了一些秘密交易，
03:46
involving anonymous companies
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這其中，匿名公司
03:48
had deprived the citizens
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剝削了
世界上最窮國家的人民，
03:50
of one of the poorest countries on the planet
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03:54
of well over a billion dollars.
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騙取金額上十億美元。
03:56
That's twice the country's health
and education budget combined.
and education budget combined.
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這可是該國衛生與教育經費
相加的兩倍。
相加的兩倍。
04:01
Or in Liberia,
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在賴比瑞亞，
04:03
where an international predatory logging company
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一個掠奪人民的國際木材公司
04:06
used front companies as it attempted to grab
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利用幌子公司
來獲取利比亞大量的珍貴森林資源。
04:08
a really huge chunk of Liberia's unique forests.
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04:12
Or political corruption in Sarawak, Malaysia,
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還有，馬來西亞沙撈越市的政治貪污
04:15
which has led to the destruction
of much of its forests.
of much of its forests.
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已導致該國的大量森林資源遭受破壞，
04:19
Well, that uses anonymous companies too.
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這也是匿名公司所為。
04:23
We secretly filmed some of the family
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我們偷拍了那裡前總局長的家庭成員，
04:25
of the former chief minister and a lawyer
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他也是名律師，
04:28
as they told our undercover investigator
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他們確確實實地
告訴我們的便衣調查員
告訴我們的便衣調查員
04:30
exactly how these dubious deals are done
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他們是如何利用匿名公司
04:33
using such companies.
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進行這些可疑勾當。
04:36
And the awful thing is,
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最可惡的是
04:38
there are so many other examples out there
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現在還有眾多類似的案例
04:41
from all walks of life.
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匿身於各行各業中，
04:45
This truly is a scandal of epic proportions
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這的確是一個天大的醜聞，
04:49
hidden in plain sight.
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就攤在世人眼前。
04:52
Whether it's the ruthless Mexican drugs cartel,
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無論是殘忍的墨西哥販毒集團
04:55
the Zetas,
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塞塔斯 (the Zetas)，
04:56
who use anonymous companies
to launder profits
to launder profits
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他們一邊利用匿名公司來洗錢，
04:58
while their drugs-related violence
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而他們的販毒暴力
05:00
is tearing communities apart across the Americas.
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卻在另一邊破壞美洲社區。
05:05
Or the anonymous company,
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有些匿名公司
05:07
which bought up Americans' tax debts,
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收購美國的稅收債權，
05:09
piled on the legal fees
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累積法律費用，
05:11
and then gave homeowners a choice:
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然後只給屋主一個選擇
05:12
Pay up or lose your home.
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要嘛付錢，要嘛失去家園
05:15
Imagine being threatened with losing your home
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大家想像一下，被威脅要失去家園，
05:18
sometimes over a debt of just a few hundred dollars,
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有時這不過是為了一筆幾百美元的債務，
05:21
and not being able to find out
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卻又找不出
05:22
who you were really up against.
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到底欠的是誰的錢。
05:26
Now anonymous companies
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現在的匿名公司
05:27
are great for sanctions busting too.
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在抵制制裁方面也有一手。
05:30
As the Iranian government found out
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伊朗政府
05:33
when, through a series of front companies,
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透過一系列的幌子公司
05:34
it owned a building in the very heart of Manhattan,
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在曼哈頓第五大道的中心
05:38
on Fifth Avenue,
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擁有一幢大樓，
05:40
despite American sanctions.
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儘管伊朗在接受美國制裁。
05:43
And Juicy Couture, home of of the velvet track suit,
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以絲絨田徑服著名的橘滋 (Juicy Couture)
05:46
and other companies were the unwitting,
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以及其他的公司完全不知道
05:49
unknowing tenants there.
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承租的建築所有人是誰。
05:52
There are just so many examples,
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這樣的例子舉不勝舉。
05:54
the horesemeat scandal in Europe,
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歐洲的馬肉醜聞、
05:56
the Italian mafia, they've used these companies
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義大利的黑手黨，他們幾十年來
05:59
for decades.
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一直都用這樣的公司。
06:01
The $100 million American Medicare fraud,
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美國一億聯邦醫療保險詐騙事件、
06:06
the supply of weapons to wars around the world
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對全國各地戰爭的軍火供應
06:10
including those
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這其中包括
06:11
in Eastern Europe in the early '90s.
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90 年代東歐的戰爭。
06:14
Anonymous companies
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而這些匿名公司
06:15
have even come to light
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在烏克蘭最近的革命當中
06:17
in the recent revolution in the Ukraine.
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也看得到其蹤影。
06:21
But, for every case that we and others expose
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儘管我們和其他人揭露了這麼些案例，
06:26
there are so many more that will remain hidden away
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但在目前的體制下
06:29
because of the current system.
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類似的案例還有許多，仍是不為人知。
06:31
And it's just a simple truth
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而事情的真相就是，
06:33
that some of the people responsible
for outrageous crimes,
for outrageous crimes,
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一些人犯了令人髮指的罪行
06:38
for stealing from you and me
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他們在你、我以及千千萬萬人身上偷竊，
06:40
and millions of others,
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06:42
they are remaining faceless
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卻不用露面
06:43
and they are escaping accountability
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對自己的所作所為拒不責任，
06:46
and they're doing this with ease,
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並且做起來面不改容心不跳。
06:48
and they're doing it using legal structures.
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他們利用的就是合法的機制結構。
06:51
And really, that is unfair.
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確實，這相當不公平。
06:56
Well, you might well ask,
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你可能會問：
06:58
what exactly is an anonymous company,
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匿名公司到底是什麼？
07:01
and can I really set one up, and use it,
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我也可以設立使用嗎？
07:04
without anyone knowing who I am?
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別人真的不會知道我是誰？
07:06
Well, the answer is, yes you can.
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答案是：沒錯，你可以這樣做。
07:08
But if you're anything like me,
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但如果你跟我一樣，
07:10
you'll want to see some of that for yourself,
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你會想先了解其中的內情。
07:12
so let me show you.
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讓我來說明一下。
07:14
Well first you need to work out
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首先，你需要想清楚
07:15
where you want to set it up.
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你想要把公司設在哪裡。
07:17
Now, at this point you might be imagining
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此時此刻，你可能會想到
07:19
one of those lovely tropical island tax havens
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某個迷人的熱帶島嶼避稅天堂。
07:22
but here's the thing,
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但事實
07:24
shockingly,
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很令人震驚，
07:26
my own hometown, London,
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我的家鄉倫敦
07:28
and indeed the U.K.,
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沒錯，整個英國
07:29
is one of the best places in the world
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竟是世界上
07:32
to set up an anonymous company.
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最適宜設立匿名公司的地方之一。
07:35
And the other, even better,
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另外一個更合適的地方
07:38
I'm afraid that's America.
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很抱歉，就是美國了。
07:42
Do you know, in some states across America
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大家知道嗎？在美國的一些州
07:44
you need less identification
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建立一個公司
07:46
to open up a company
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所需的身份證明文件
07:48
than you do to get a library card,
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比申請圖書館借書證還少。
07:51
like Delaware,
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譬如說特拉華州
07:52
which is one of the easiest places
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就是世界上
最好設立匿名公司的地方之一。
07:54
in the world to set up an anonymous company.
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07:58
Okay, so let's say it's America,
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好吧，我們假設是在美國，
08:00
and let's say it's Delaware,
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2075
也假設是在特拉華州。
08:02
and now you can simply go online
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現在你可以簡單的打開網頁
08:04
and find yourself a company service provider.
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找一家公司服務供應商，
08:07
These are the companies that
can set your one up for you,
can set your one up for you,
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這類公司可以幫助你設立公司。
08:10
and remember, it's all legal,
routine business practice.
routine business practice.
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記住，這所有一切都是
合法的正規商業操作。
合法的正規商業操作。
08:14
So, here's one,
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1639
這是其中一個，
08:16
but there are plenty of others to choose from.
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但你還有很多可以選。
08:19
And having made your choice,
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選好之後
08:20
you then pick what type of company you want
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2506
你再選擇需設立的公司類型，
08:23
and then fill in a contact, name and address.
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然後填入聯絡資料、姓名、地址。
08:26
But don't worry,
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不過大家不用擔心
08:27
it doesn't have to be your name.
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不必填你的真實姓名，
08:29
It can be your lawyer's
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可以填你律師的姓名、
08:30
or your service provider's,
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可以填服務供應商的名字，
08:32
and it's not for the public record anyway.
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反正這個不對公眾公開。
08:36
And then you add the owner of the company.
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然後填上公司所有人。
08:39
Now this is the key part,
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這是關鍵部分
08:41
and again it doesn't have to be you,
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這裡也不必一定填你自己，
08:42
because you can get creative,
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因為你可以耍點創意
08:45
because there is a whole universe
out there of nominees
out there of nominees
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因為宇宙廣闊浩渺，
有很多代名人供你選擇。
08:48
to choose from.
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1847
08:50
And nominees are the people that you
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這些代名人
能合法收錢，擔任你公司的所有人。
08:52
can legally pay to be your company's owner.
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4836
08:57
And if you don't want to involve anyone else,
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要是你不願意讓其他人加入
08:59
it doesn't even have to be an actual human being.
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也可以隨便填張三李四，
09:02
It could be another company.
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3088
或者填另外一個公司名。
09:05
And then finally,
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最後
09:06
give your company a name
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1729
給你公司起個名。
09:08
add a few more details and make your payment.
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2731
補充點細節，付點錢，
09:11
And then the service provider
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1420
然後，服務供應商
09:12
will take a few hours or more to process it.
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2783
會用幾個小時來處理資料。
09:15
But there you are,
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1239
但是你看，
09:16
in 10 minutes of online shopping
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2380
十分鐘網購的時間
09:19
you can create yourself an anonymous company.
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4214
你就可以建立自己的匿名公司。
09:23
And not only is it easy,
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這不只是簡單
09:24
really, really easy and cheap,
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2607
簡單到不行、廉價，
09:27
it's totally legal too.
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2288
這還是完全合法的。
09:29
But the fun doesn't have to end there,
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3724
但遊戲還沒結束呢。
09:33
maybe you want to be even more anonymous.
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也許你想要更匿名一點。
09:36
Well, that's no problem either.
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2103
這沒有問題，
09:38
You can simply keep adding layers,
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2758
添加多幾層關係就可以了。
09:40
companies owned by companies.
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上一個公司持有下一個公司，
09:43
You can have hundreds of layers
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1380
你可以添加上百層持有關係。
09:44
with hundreds of companies spread across
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2088
中間牽涉的公司
09:46
lots of different countries,
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2657
可以遍布世界各國，
09:49
like a giant web,
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1330
如同一張巨型網路，
09:50
each layer adds anonymity.
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2189
每一層都讓你更增匿名性。
09:52
Each layer makes it more difficult
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每一層的添加
09:54
for law enforcement and others
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都讓執法機關及其他人
09:56
to find out who the real owner is.
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3383
難以找出真正的所有人。
10:00
But whose interests is this all serving?
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4090
但這樣做，是誰最終得益？
10:04
It might be in the interests of the company
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2126
可能是某個公司
10:06
or a particular individual,
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1766
也可能是某個人。
10:07
but what about all of us, the public?
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2388
但是我們這些普羅大眾怎麼辦？
10:10
There hasn't even been a global conversation yet
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至今為止，全球尚未關注
10:13
about whether it's okay
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1420
是否能繼續如此
10:14
to misuse companies in this way.
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濫用匿名公司？
10:17
And what does it all mean for us?
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這對於我們又意味著什麼？
10:21
Well, an example that really haunts me
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2553
最近，我遇到了一個
10:24
is one I came across recently.
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2378
令我相當痛惜的一個案例。
10:26
And it's that of a horrific fire
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614605
1949
那是在十年前
10:28
in a nightclub in Buenos Aires
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616554
1785
在布宜諾斯艾利斯一家夜店
10:30
about a decade ago.
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618339
2951
發生的一場大火。
10:33
It was the night before New Year's Eve.
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2270
那天晚上是新年前夕。
10:35
Three thousand very happy revelers,
242
623560
2168
三千名狂歡者
10:37
many of them teenagers,
243
625728
1037
其中大部分是青少年
10:38
were crammed into a space meant for 1,000.
244
626765
3195
塞進了原來只能容納一千人的空間。
10:41
And then tragedy struck,
245
629960
1173
然後悲劇發生了。
10:43
a fire broke out
246
631133
1603
發生一場火災，
10:44
plastic decorations were melting from the ceiling
247
632736
2084
天花板的塑膠裝飾品慢慢熔化，
10:46
and toxic smoke filled the club.
248
634820
1976
有毒煙霧蔓延了整間夜店，
10:48
So people tried to escape
249
636796
2065
人們慌慌逃跑，
10:50
only to find that some of the fire doors
250
638861
2633
但卻發現一些防火門
10:53
had been chained shut.
251
641494
3661
被鐵鍊鎖住了。
10:57
Over 200 people died.
252
645155
2433
這造成二百多人喪生，
10:59
Seven hundred were injured trying to get out.
253
647588
3759
七百多人在逃跑時受傷。
11:03
And as the victims' families
and the city and the country
and the city and the country
254
651347
3545
當受害者的家屬、整個城市以及整個國家
11:06
reeled in shock,
255
654892
1544
深受震驚時，
11:08
investigators tried to find out who was responsible.
256
656436
3546
調查員嘗試找出背後負責人。
11:11
And as they looked for the owners of the club,
257
659982
2491
當他們追查該夜店所有人時，
11:14
they found instead anonymous companies,
258
662473
3558
他們只發現了一些匿名公司。
11:18
and confusion surrounded the identities of those
259
666031
2294
大家都搞不清楚
11:20
involved with the companies.
260
668325
2507
那些公司背後的人的真實身份。
11:22
Now ultimately, a range of people were charged
261
670832
2462
最後，一連串的相關人等已被控訴，
11:25
and some went to jail.
262
673294
2027
有些人被判刑入獄。
11:27
But this was an awful tragedy,
263
675321
1833
但這仍然還是一件令人扼腕的慘劇，
11:29
and it shouldn't have been so difficult
264
677154
1983
而且不該需要這麼千辛萬苦
11:31
just to try and find out who was responsible
265
679137
3910
才有辦法找出該對這些死者
11:35
for those deaths.
266
683047
2961
負責的人。
11:38
Because in an age
267
686008
1945
因為在現今這個時代，
11:39
when there is so much information
268
687953
2254
處處皆有大量訊息
11:42
out there in the open,
269
690207
1997
開放給公眾，
11:44
why should this crucial information
270
692204
1674
為什麼偏偏這麼關鍵的
11:45
about company ownership
271
693878
1510
關於公司擁有權的訊息
11:47
stay hidden away?
272
695388
1706
卻藏匿的如此隱蔽？
11:49
Why should tax evaders, corrupt
government officials,
government officials,
273
697094
3725
為什麼這些逃稅人、
政府貪污官員、
政府貪污官員、
11:52
arms traders and more,
274
700819
2252
軍火交易商等，
11:55
be able to hide their identities from us, the public?
275
703071
4038
可以向公眾隱藏他們的真實身份？
11:59
Why should this secrecy be such
an accepted business practice?
an accepted business practice?
276
707109
5629
為什麼這樣的秘密成為正當的商業行為？
12:04
Anonymous companies
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1688
這些匿名公司
12:06
might be the norm right now
278
714426
2209
或許現在很常見，
12:08
but it wasn't always this way.
279
716635
2006
但是以往不是這樣的。
12:10
Companies were created
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1797
以前的公司創立
12:12
to give people a chance to innovate
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2272
是為了給人們一個機會能創新，
12:14
and not have to put everything on the line.
282
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3663
而不需要投注一切去冒險。
12:18
Companies were created to limit financial risk,
283
726373
3342
公司的創立是為了限制金融風險
12:21
they were never intended to
be used as a moral shield.
be used as a moral shield.
284
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4950
從來不是為了用作一道道德防護盾。
12:26
Companies were never intended to be anonymous,
285
734665
2274
設立公司的目的從來不是為了匿名的，
12:28
and they don't have to be.
286
736939
2416
而且也不需要匿名。
12:31
And so I come to my wish.
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739355
2890
現在我想談談我的願望。
12:34
My wish is for us to know
288
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2801
我的願望是，讓大家知道
12:37
who owns and controls companies
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2726
擁有以及控制公司的人是誰，
12:39
so that they can no longer be used anonymously
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2750
讓這些公司再也不能
12:42
against the public good.
291
750522
2630
被匿名運用、傷害大眾利益。
12:45
Together let's ignite world opinion,
292
753152
2666
讓我們一起掀起全球話題、
12:47
change the law,
293
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1477
改變法律，
12:49
and launch a new era of openness in business.
294
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4880
並開啟一個商業公開的新時代。
12:54
So what might this look like?
295
762175
1632
這個新時代長什麼樣子？
12:55
Well, imagine if you could go online
296
763807
2569
想像一下你可以打開網頁
12:58
and look up the real owner of a company.
297
766376
3117
查找任何公司的真正所有人。
13:01
Imagine if this data were open and free,
298
769493
2772
想像一下這些資料對公眾免費開放，
13:04
accessible across borders
299
772265
1711
可以跨國查閱，
13:05
for citizens and businesses
300
773976
1799
供市民、公司
13:07
and law enforcement alike.
301
775775
1688
以及執法機關等查閱。
13:09
Imagine what a game changer that would be.
302
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4468
想像一下這將如何改變情勢。
13:13
So how are we going to do this?
303
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2503
那麼，我們又怎樣可以做到？
13:16
Well, there is only one way.
304
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1446
辦法只有一個：
13:17
Together, we have to change the law globally
305
785880
3251
我們必須全世界性地修改律法，
13:21
to create public registries
306
789131
1941
創造公共註冊系統
13:23
which list the true owners of companies
307
791072
2855
列明所有公司的真正所有人，
13:25
and can be accessed by all
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2036
並對所有人開放，
13:27
with no loopholes.
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795963
2129
不允許任何法律漏洞。
13:30
And yes, this is ambitious,
310
798092
3732
是的，這相當野心勃勃。
13:33
but there is momentum on this issue,
311
801824
2391
但現在這個問題已開始有推動力了。
13:36
and over the years I have seen
312
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2044
這些年來，我已經見識過
13:38
the sheer power of momentum,
313
806259
2332
這種動力的力量
13:40
and it's just starting on this issue.
314
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2384
開始在這問題上發威。
13:42
There is such an opportunity right now.
315
810975
3278
現在就是一個大好機會，
13:46
And the TED community
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814253
2029
TED 社群
13:48
of creative and innovative thinkers and doers
317
816282
3365
容納著富有創意、敢於創新的思考者和行動者
13:51
across all of society
318
819647
1897
來自各行各業，
13:53
could make the crucial difference.
319
821544
3259
這可以帶來重大的改變，
13:56
You really can make this change happen.
320
824803
3834
各位確實可以讓改變發生。
14:00
Now, a simple starting point
321
828637
1802
最簡單的開端
14:02
is the address behind me
322
830439
1466
就是我身後的網址。
14:03
for a Facebook page that you can join now
323
831905
2359
你可以加入這臉書網頁
14:06
to support the campaign and spread the word.
324
834264
2746
支持我們的活動，傳播我們的想法。
14:09
It's going to be a springboard
325
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1424
這將會成為
我們全球運動的跳板。
14:10
for our global campaigning.
326
838434
1961
14:12
And the techies among you,
327
840395
1475
在場的工程設計師
14:13
you could really help us create a prototype
328
841870
3373
你們可以幫助我們創建
一個公共註冊網站原型，
14:17
public registry
329
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1720
14:18
to demonstrate what a powerful tool this could be.
330
846963
4876
證明這可以成為一個有力的工具。
14:23
Campaign groups from around the world
331
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2511
世界各地的活動團隊
14:26
have come together to work on this issue.
332
854350
4860
已經聚集一起，共同解決這問題。
14:31
The U.K. government is already on board;
333
859210
3280
英國政府已加入我們的行列，
14:34
it supports these public registries.
334
862490
2402
支持公共註冊系統。
14:36
And just last week,
335
864892
1898
就在上週
14:38
the European Parliament came on board
336
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2708
歐洲議會也決定加入，
14:41
with a vote 600 to 30 in favor of public registries.
337
869498
5066
投票結果 600 對 30 支持公共註冊。
14:46
That is momentum.
338
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2425
這就是動力。
14:48
(Applause)
339
876989
3828
（掌聲）
14:53
But it's early days.
340
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2305
但這只是剛起步，
14:56
America still needs to come on board,
341
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2492
美國也必須加入這個行列，
14:58
as do so many other countries.
342
886782
3577
還有其他很多國家也是。
15:02
And to succeed we will all together
343
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3109
若要成功，我們所有人
15:05
need to help and push our politicians,
344
893468
2444
需要一起幫助和推動政客。
15:07
because without that,
345
895912
1587
因為不這樣做，
15:09
real far-reaching, world-shifting change
346
897499
1968
這項遙不可及、撼動世界的改變
15:11
just isn't going to happen.
347
899467
2701
恐怕無法實現。
15:14
Because this isn't just about changing the law,
348
902168
2689
因為改變的不只是法律，
15:16
this is about starting a conversation
349
904857
2092
還需要開展對話，
15:18
about what it's okay for companies to do,
350
906949
2393
探討公司可以做什麽，
15:21
and in what ways is it acceptable
to use company structures.
to use company structures.
351
909342
5034
以及在何種情況下
使用公司架構是可接受的。
使用公司架構是可接受的。
15:26
This isn't just a dry policy issue.
352
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2773
這不是一個無趣的政策話題，
15:29
This is a human issue
353
917149
1488
這是一個全人類的話題，
15:30
which affects us all.
354
918637
2658
影響著我們所有人。
15:33
This is about being on the right side of history.
355
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6404
這是關於站在歷史上正確的一方，
15:39
Global citizens, innovators,
business leaders, individuals,
business leaders, individuals,
356
927699
5358
世界公民、創新者、商業領導、所有個人，
15:45
we need you.
357
933057
1987
我們需要你們。
15:47
Together, let's kickstart this global movement.
358
935044
3510
讓我們攜手開啟這個全球運動，
15:50
Let's just do it,
359
938554
1345
讓我們趕緊行動，
15:51
let's end anonymous companies.
360
939899
3302
讓我們終結匿名公司的存在。
15:55
Thank you.
361
943201
2104
謝謝。
15:57
(Applause)
362
945305
3446
（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Charmian Gooch - Anti-corruption activistCharmian Gooch is the 2014 TED Prize winner. At Global Witness, she exposes how a global architecture of corruption is woven into the extraction and exploitation of natural resources.
Why you should listen
Charmian Gooch co-founded the watchdog NGO Global Witness with colleagues Simon Taylor and Patrick Alley, in response to growing concerns over covert warfare funded by illicit trade in 1993. Since then, Global Witness has captured headlines for their exposé of "blood diamonds" in Uganda, of mineral exploitation in the Congo, of illegal timber trade between Cambodia and Thailand, and more. With unique expertise on the shadowy threads connecting corrupt businesses and governments, Global Witness continues its quest to uncover and root out the sources of exploitation.
In 2014, Gooch and Global Witness were awarded the $1 million TED Prize, along with the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship, for their campaign to end anonymous companies. Gooch's TED Prize wish: for us to know who ultimately owns and controls companies and launch a new era of openness in business. Global Witness highlighted the importance of this issue in an investigation, aired on 60 Minutes, where they sent an undercover investigator into 13 New York law firms. The investigator posed as an adviser to a government minister in Africa and asked for thoughts on how to move money into the United States for a plane, a yacht and a brownstone. All but one firm offered advice.
The Panama Papers, released in April of 2016, further demonstrate the need for transparency. The papers paint a picture of how the rich and powerful around the world use offshore accounts and anonymous companies to move money. "This secretive world is being opened up to global public scrutiny," said Gooch, on the day the papers were released.
Charmian Gooch | Speaker | TED.com