TED2007
Gever Tulley: 5 dangerous things you should let your kids do
蓋佛‧陶利 該讓兒童嘗試的五件危險事
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蓋佛．陶利為東敲西打學校 (Tinkering School) 的創辦人，列舉出五項你應該要讓你的孩子去做的五件危險事。2007年發表於TED大學。
Gever Tulley - Tinkerer
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids. Full bio
The founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Welcome to "Five Dangerous Things You Should Let Your Children Do."
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歡迎收看「父母要讓小孩子做的五件危險事」。
00:18
I don't have children.
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我沒有小孩，
00:20
I borrow my friends' children, so
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我都向朋友借小孩，所以
00:22
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:26
take all this advice with a grain of salt.
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請不要隨便相信我給的建議。
00:28
I'm Gever Tulley.
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我是蓋佛．陶利。
00:31
I'm a contract computer scientist by trade,
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工作是接案的電腦科學家，
00:35
but I'm the founder of something called the Tinkering School.
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同時也是東敲西打學校 (Tinkering School) 的創辦人。
00:40
It's a summer program which aims to help kids to learn
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這是一個暑期課程，目的是要讓小孩子在暑假時可以學到
00:43
how to build the things that they think of.
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如何創造出自己想做的東西，
00:46
So we build a lot of things.
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所以我們做了一大堆東西。
00:48
And I do put power tools into the hands of second-graders.
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我會把電動工具交到小學二年級生手上，
00:51
So if you're thinking about sending your kid to Tinkering School,
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所以如果你想把你的孩子送到東敲西打學校，
00:55
they do come back bruised, scraped and bloody.
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之後他們一定會帶著瘀青、破皮和血跡回家。
01:00
So, you know, we live in a world
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所以，你可以看到，我們所處的社會
01:02
that's subjected to ever more stringent child safety regulations.
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受到比以往更嚴格的兒童安全守則所規範。
01:06
There doesn't seem to be any limit on how crazy
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這些守則看起來真是沒完沒了的
01:12
child safety regulations can get.
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無限上綱。
01:14
We put suffocation warnings on all the -- on every piece of plastic film
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我們會把小心窒息的標語
01:19
manufactured in the United States or for sale
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貼在所有在美國製造或販售
01:21
with an item in the United States.
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的商品或包裝的塑膠膜上；
01:23
We put warnings on coffee cups to tell us
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我們會在所有的咖啡杯上註明警告標語，提醒消費者
01:26
that the contents may be hot.
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溶液可能很燙；
01:29
And we seem to think that any item
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我們甚至認為
01:33
sharper than a golf ball is too sharp
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對10歲以下的兒童來說，只要比高爾夫球
01:35
for children under the age of 10.
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尖一點的東西就是太尖銳了。
01:37
So where does this trend stop?
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這樣的情形什麼時候才會停止?
01:41
When we round every corner and eliminate every sharp object,
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當我們忙著磨平稜角，銷毀每個有尖角的物品、
01:46
every pokey bit in the world,
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每個那些令人不舒服的小地方，
01:49
then the first time that kids come in contact with anything sharp
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結果我們的小孩生平第一次碰到一個尖尖的，
01:53
or not made out of round plastic,
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或者不是圓圓的塑膠製品時，
01:56
they'll hurt themselves with it.
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他們就會弄傷自己。
01:59
So, as the boundaries of what we determine as the safety zone
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換言之，我們大人所認定的安全區域
02:05
grow ever smaller, we cut off our children from valuable opportunities
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範圍愈窄，就愈切斷了我們的孩子寶貴的
02:11
to learn how to interact with the world around them.
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去學習與整個世界互動的機會。
02:14
And despite all of our best efforts and intentions,
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儘管我們費盡心思去保護孩子，
02:18
kids are always going to figure out
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但不管在什麼情形下，
02:19
how to do the most dangerous thing they can,
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孩子硬是有辦法
02:22
in whatever environment they can.
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去找到最危險的事來做。
02:25
So despite the provocative title, this presentation is really about safety
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所以撇開這個聳動的標題，今天這個講題真正要說的是兒童安全，
02:32
and about some simple things that we can do
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以及透過一些簡單的事，
02:36
to raise our kids to be creative, confident
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使孩子變得有創意、有自信，
02:42
and in control of the environment around them.
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並能掌握週遭的環境。
02:45
And what I now present to you is an excerpt from a book in progress.
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我現在要告訴你們的是取自我正在寫的一本書的摘錄，
02:51
The book is called "50 Dangerous Things."
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書名叫『50件危險的事』。
02:53
This is five dangerous things.
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而這是其中五件。
02:55
Thing number one -- play with fire.
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第一件事－玩火。
02:58
Learning to control one of the most elemental forces in nature
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在每一個兒童成長過程中，都會經歷一段重要的關鍵期，
03:03
is a pivotal moment in any child's personal history.
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在這個期間，他會試著去控制自然界中某一項最基本的元素力量。
03:07
Whether we remember it or not,
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不管我們記不記得，
03:09
it's a -- it's the first time we really get
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那是我們第一次真正有能力
03:12
control of one of these mysterious things.
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去控制這些神秘的事物。
03:15
These mysteries are only revealed
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但只有那些有機會與之接觸的人
03:17
to those who get the opportunity to play with it.
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才得以一窺其面目。
03:19
So, playing with fire.
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所以就去玩火吧!
03:22
This is like one of the great things we ever discovered, fire.
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火是我們人類的發現中最偉大的東西之一。
03:28
From playing with it, they learn some basic principles about fire,
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藉由玩火，小孩子學習到一些關於火的基本原理，
03:31
about intake, about combustion, about exhaust.
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像是進氣、燃燒跟排氣。
03:35
These are the three working elements of fire
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如果你想好好的控制火，
03:37
that you have to have to have a good controlled fire.
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這三種原素缺一不可。
03:40
And you can think of the open-pit fire as a laboratory.
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你可以把露天的火坑想像成一個實驗室，
03:45
You don't know what they're going to learn from playing with it.
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你不會曉得他們在玩的時候將會學到什麼。
03:47
You know, let them fool around with it on their own terms and trust me,
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就讓他們隨意玩火吧，相信我，
03:53
they're going to learn things
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他們會學到
03:55
that you can't get out of playing with Dora the Explorer toys.
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跟玩《愛探險的朵拉》玩具所學到的不一樣的東西。
04:01
Number two -- own a pocketknife.
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第二件事－擁有摺疊刀。
04:04
Pocketknives are kind of drifting out of our cultural consciousness,
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在這個社會的文化認知中，摺疊小刀漸漸的離我們愈來愈遠，
04:09
which I think is a terrible thing.
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我個人覺得這是件很糟糕的事。
04:11
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
04:15
Your first -- your first pocketknife is like the first universal tool that you're given.
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你的第一把摺疊小刀就像是你所獲得的第一個萬用工具，
04:20
You know, it's a spatula, it's a pry bar,
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它可以是小鏟子、撬桿、
04:23
it's a screwdriver and it's a blade.
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螺絲起子跟刀片。
04:26
And it's a -- it's a powerful and empowering tool.
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而且，它是個賦與你更多能力的工具。
04:31
And in a lot of cultures they give knives --
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在很多文化中，他們給小孩刀子，
04:34
like, as soon as they're toddlers they have knives.
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而且是當小孩還在蹣跚學步的時候就擁有刀子。
04:36
These are Inuit children cutting whale blubber.
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這是因紐特族 (愛斯基摩人) 的小孩正在割鯨脂的圖片。
04:40
I first saw this in a Canadian Film Board film when I was 10,
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我第一次看到它是在加拿大電影局的電影裡，那時候我才10歲，
04:44
and it left a lasting impression, to see babies playing with knives.
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看到小寶寶們玩刀子讓我至今仍印象深刻。
04:48
And it shows that kids can develop an extended sense of self
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它顯示出小孩在很小的時候，
04:52
through a tool at a very young age.
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就可以透過一項工具來擴展自我意識。
04:54
You lay down a couple of very simple rules --
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你只要訂下幾條簡單的規則，
04:57
always cut away from your body, keep the blade sharp, never force it
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像是刀鋒要向外、保持刀片鋒利、不要用蠻力使用刀子等等。
05:02
-- and these are things kids can understand and practice with.
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而這些是小孩可以理解並且可以做到的。
05:05
And yeah, they're going to cut themselves.
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沒錯，他們一定會割到自己，
05:06
I have some terrible scars on my legs from where I stabbed myself.
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我的腿上就有自己戳到的難看的傷疤。
05:10
But you know, they're young. They heal fast.
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不過就像你也知道的，他們還很小，恢復力很快。
05:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:16
Number three -- throw a spear.
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第三件事 -- 拋出一個矛。
05:19
It turns out that our brains are actually wired for throwing things
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你會發現原來我們的腦袋是為了拋東西而聯繫著。
05:23
and, like muscles, if you don't use parts of your brain,
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就好像我們的肌肉，如果我們不用我們的腦袋，
05:28
they tend to atrophy over time.
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它們便漸漸地萎縮。
05:31
But when you exercise them,
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但當你鍛鍊它們，
05:34
any given muscle adds strength to the whole system
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每一個肌肉都會為整個系統注入能量，
05:36
and that applies to your brain too.
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而這同樣能應用在腦袋中。
05:39
So practicing throwing things has been shown to
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所以練習拋東西能
05:43
stimulate the frontal and parietal lobes,
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刺激前腦葉及頭頂腦葉。
05:46
which have to do with visual acuity, 3D understanding,
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它們是負責我們的視覺感觀，理解立體影像，
05:51
and structural problem solving, so it gives a sense --
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及解決結構問題。因此它給我們一種感觀 --
05:56
it helps develop their visualization skills and their predictive ability.
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這幫助他們發展視覺技巧和預測能力。
06:01
And throwing is a combination of analytical and physical skill,
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而拋東西結合著分析及體能的訓練，
06:06
so it's very good for that kind of whole-body training.
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這有助於整體發展。
06:10
These kinds of target-based practice also
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而這些有目標的練習
06:16
helps kids develop attention and concentration skills.
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亦能幫助兒童發展他們的專注力和集中力。
06:21
So those are great.
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所以非常有效。
06:23
Number four -- deconstruct appliances.
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第四件事是 -- 解體電器。
06:27
There is a world of interesting things inside your dishwasher.
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在洗碗機中有很多有趣的物件。
06:31
Next time you're about to throw out an appliance, don't throw it out.
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下一次當你把電器丟棄時，不要只把它丟棄。
06:36
Take it apart with your kid, or send him to my school
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與你的孩子一起把它解體或把孩子送到我們的學校，
06:39
and we'll take it apart with them.
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我們會與他們一起把它拆解。
06:41
Even if you don't know what the parts are,
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雖然你不明白那些分拆的零件是什麼，
06:43
puzzling out what they might be for
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或對它們的功能感到困惑，
06:46
is a really good practice for the kids
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但這其實是對兒童一個很好的鍛鍊，
06:49
to get sort of the sense that they can take things apart,
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讓他們知道他們有能力拆解東西，
06:55
and no matter how complex they are,
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而無論它們有多複雜，
06:57
they can understand parts of them and that means that eventually,
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他們已明白其中一部份，
07:01
they can understand all of them.
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這也意味著他們有一天會瞭解所有的事情。
07:03
It's a sense of knowability, that something is knowable.
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這是一種認知，明白有些事情是可以理解的。
07:07
So these black boxes that we live with and take for granted
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而在我們生活中的黑盒子和那些理所當然的事情，
07:10
are actually complex things made by other people
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其實是其他人製造出來的複雜東西，
07:14
and you can understand them.
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而你卻能明白它們。
07:16
Number five -- two-parter.
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第五件事 -- 就是第四件事的下集，
07:20
Break the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
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違反數位千禧智權法案。
07:22
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:25
There are laws beyond safety regulations
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有些法律不是在規範安全界線，
07:28
that attempt to limit how we can interact with the things
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而是在嘗試限制我們如何去使用我們擁有的東西 --
07:31
that we own -- in this case, digital media.
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我要舉的例子是數位媒體。
07:34
It's a very simple exercise -- buy a song on ITunes, write it to a CD,
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這是一個非常簡單的練習 -- 在iTunes裡買一首歌曲寫在一個光碟裡，
07:41
then rip the CD to an MP3 and play it on your very same computer.
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然後把光碟轉換成MP3，然後在同一部電腦中播放，
07:44
You've just broken a law.
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這樣就算觸犯法律了。
07:46
Technically the RIAA can come and persecute you.
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基本上，美國唱片業協會可以來告你。
07:50
It's an important lesson for kids to understand --
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這是孩子應該明白的重要課題 --
07:52
that some of these laws get broken by accident
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你可能在無意中就觸犯法律了，
07:56
and that laws have to be interpreted.
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而這些法律卻需要有人替你詮釋你才會瞭解。
07:58
And it's something we often talk about with the kids
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而這是我們經常告訴孩子們的事，
08:01
when we're fooling around with things and breaking them open
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當我們把東西亂搞一通，而後將它們打開
08:05
and taking them apart and using them for other things --
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分拆而後用於其他東西上 --
08:08
and also when we go out and drive a car.
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又或是當我們外出去駕車，
08:14
Driving a car is a -- is a really empowering act for a young child,
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駕駛一輛車--對兒童來說是一件非常鼓舞的事情，
08:18
so this is the ultimate.
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而這是最極限的。
08:20
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
08:22
For those of you who aren't comfortable actually breaking the law,
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對於你們那些不甚願意去觸犯法律的人，
08:26
you can drive a car with your child.
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你可以與孩子駕駛一輛車子。
08:29
This is -- this is a great stage for a kid.
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這是孩子一個很大的里程碑。
08:32
This happens about the same time
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這就好像是
08:34
that they get latched onto things like dinosaurs,
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當孩子被鎖在一些類似恐龍的機器裡，
08:37
these big things in the outside world
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這些龐大的機器在外太空遊盪，
08:39
that they're trying to get a grip on.
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而他們只能牢牢地抓住某樣東西。
08:41
A car is a similar object, and they can get in a car and drive it.
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車輛是類似的東西，而他們可以坐在車上駕駛它。
08:46
And that's a really, like -- it gives them a handle on a world
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這好像是給他們一個開啟世界的把手，
08:50
in a way that they wouldn't -- that they don't often have access to.
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並用他們以前不能用或不經常用的方法去開啟。
08:55
So -- and it's perfectly legal.
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而這是完全的合法。
08:57
Find a big empty lot, make sure there's nothing in it
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找一個大型空置停車場，確定那裡沒有其他東西，
08:59
and it's on private property, and let them drive your car.
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而那又是一個私人產業，然後讓他們駕駛你的車輛。
09:03
It's very safe actually.
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這其實的非常的安全
09:05
And it's fun for the whole family.
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而且能帶給整個家庭樂趣。
09:07
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:09
So, let's see.
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好，想想吧。
09:11
I think that's it. That's number five and a half. OK.
157
538000
3000
我想就是這樣了。這算是五又二分一吧。
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gever Tulley - TinkererThe founder of the Tinkering School, Gever Tulley likes to build things with kids.
Why you should listen
Gever Tulley writes the best Twitters: Just landed my paraglider in an empty field behind Santa 8arbara. ... Making amazing tshirts with a laser cutter at the maker faire in austin. ... Washing fruit, putting sheets on bunkbeds, and grinding up aluminum foil in a cheap blender ... Updating the school blog, trying to figure out how many cubic feet of air are in a 5 gallon cylinder at 200 PSI. ... Trying to figure out if the tinker kids are going to be able to get molten iron from magnetite sand ...
A software engineer, Gever Tulley is the co-founder of the Tinkering School, a weeklong camp where lucky kids get to play with their very own power tools. He's interested in helping kids learn how to build, solve problems, use new materials and hack old ones for new purposes. He's also a certified paragliding instructor.
Gever Tulley | Speaker | TED.com