TED2014
Shai Reshef: An ultra-low-cost college degree
沙伊·瑞希夫: 超低成本的大學學位
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在網路人民大學 (University of the People)，任何一位有高中畢業證的人都可以來選修課程，並取得商業管理或電腦科學等學科的學位——沒有傳統意義上的學費 (雖然參與考試需要付費)。創始人沙伊·瑞希夫希望高等教育「從少數人的特權變為一種基本權利，讓所有人都能承擔和獲取。」
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to share with you
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我想和你們分享
00:14
a new model of higher education,
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一種全新的高等教育模式
00:17
a model that, once expanded,
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這一模式一旦發展起來
00:20
can enhance the collective intelligence
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能提升數以百萬計的有創造力
00:22
of millions of creative and motivated individuals
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有上進心的個人的集體智慧
00:26
that otherwise would be left behind.
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而沒有這一模式的話
他們可能被甩在後面
他們可能被甩在後面
00:29
Look at the world.
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看看這個世界
00:31
Pick up a place and focus on it.
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任選一個地方並聚焦於此
00:34
You will find humans chasing higher education.
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你會發現人們正在追尋高等教育
00:38
Let's meet some of them.
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讓我們來認識其中的一些人
00:40
Patrick.
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派屈克
00:42
Patrick was born in Liberia
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派屈克出生於賴比瑞亞
一個有20個孩子的家庭
00:44
to a family of 20 children.
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00:47
During the civil war, he and his family were forced
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在內戰期間 他和他的家庭
被迫逃離去奈及利亞
00:52
to flee to Nigeria.
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00:54
There, in spite of his situation,
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在那裡 儘管處境惡劣
00:57
he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.
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他依然以近乎滿分的成績高中畢業
01:01
He wanted to continue to higher education,
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他想要繼續接受高等教育
01:04
but due to his family
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但是由於他的家庭
01:05
living on the poverty line,
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生活在貧困線上
01:07
he was soon sent to South Africa
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他不久後被送至南非工作
01:09
to work and send back money
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寄錢回家
01:12
to feed his family.
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供養他的家人
01:15
Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education.
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派屈克從未放棄他的高等教育之夢
01:18
Late at night, after work,
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結束工作後的深夜裡
01:21
he surfed the Net looking for ways to study.
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他在網路上尋找各種途徑來學習
01:25
Meet Debbie.
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來認識一下黛比
01:26
Debbie is from Florida.
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黛比來自佛羅里達
01:29
Her parents didn't go to college,
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她的父母沒有上過大學
01:31
and neither did any of her siblings.
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她的兄弟姐妹也都沒有
01:34
Debbie has worked all her life,
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黛比生活的全部就是工作
01:38
pays taxes, supports herself month to month,
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繳稅 每月維持自己的生計
01:41
proud of the American dream,
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以美國夢為榮
01:44
a dream that just won't be complete
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但是沒有高等教育的話
01:46
without higher education.
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這個夢並不完整
01:48
But Debbie doesn't have the savings
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但是黛比沒有足夠的積蓄
01:51
for higher education.
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來負擔高等教育
01:52
She can't pay the tuition.
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她付不起學費
01:54
Neither could she leave work.
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她也不能抛開工作
01:57
Meet Wael.
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來認識一下瓦伊爾
01:59
Wael is from Syria.
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瓦伊爾來自敘利亞
02:01
He's firsthand experiencing
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他正親身感受著
02:05
the misery, fear and failure
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他的國家所遭受的
02:07
imposed on his country.
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痛苦 恐懼和失敗
02:10
He's a big believer in education.
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他是教育的忠實信徒
02:13
He knew that if he would find an opportunity
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他知道 如果他能找到
02:15
for higher education,
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接受高等教育的機會
02:17
an opportunity to get ahead of the rest,
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一個能超過別人的機會
02:19
he has a better chance to survive
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他就更有可能
02:22
in a world turned upside down.
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在一個顛倒混亂的世界裡生存下來
02:26
The higher education system
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高等教育體系
02:29
failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael,
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辜負了派屈克 黛比和瓦伊爾
02:32
exactly as it is failing
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正如它也辜負了
02:34
millions of potential students,
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數百萬的潛在學生——
02:37
millions that graduate high school,
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數百萬的高中畢業生
02:40
millions that are qualified for higher education,
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數百萬有資格接受高等教育的學生
02:43
millions that want to study
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數百萬學生想要學習
02:45
yet cannot access for various reasons.
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卻因為各種原因無法實現
02:49
First, financial.
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首先 經濟上的原因
02:52
Universities are expensive. We all know it.
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大學是昂貴的 我們都知道這一點
02:55
In large parts of the world,
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在世界上的很多地方
02:57
higher education is unattainable
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對於普通民衆來說
02:59
for an average citizen.
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高等教育無法企及
03:02
This is probably the biggest problem
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這個可能是我們社會
03:04
facing our society.
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所面臨的最大問題
03:06
Higher education stopped being a right for all
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高等教育不再是所有人的權利
03:10
and became a privilege for the few.
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而是成為一種少數人的特權
03:13
Second, cultural.
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第二 文化上的原因
03:17
Students who are qualified for higher education,
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合格的 能負擔得起的 想要學習的學生
03:20
can afford, want to study, cannot
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卻無法得到高等教育
03:24
because it is not decent,
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因為它不得體
03:28
it is not a place for a woman.
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它不是女人可以去的地方
03:30
This is the story of countless women
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比如 在非洲
03:33
in Africa, for example,
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無數的女性
03:35
prevented from higher education
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由於文化上的阻隔
03:37
because of cultural barriers.
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而無法得到高等教育
03:39
And here comes the third reason:
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第三條原因：
03:42
UNESCO stated that in 2025,
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聯合國教科文組織聲明
03:45
100 million students
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到2025年 將有1億學生
03:48
will be deprived from higher education
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被剝奪高等教育的機會
03:51
simply because there will not be enough seats
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僅僅是因為沒有那麽多的座位
03:55
to accommodate them, to meet the demand.
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來容納他們 來滿足需求
03:58
They will take a placement test,
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他們會參加程度測驗
03:59
they will pass it,
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他們會通過測驗
04:01
but they still won't have access
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但是他們仍無法得到教育
04:03
because there are no places available.
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因為無處可去
04:07
These are the reasons
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由於這些的原因
04:09
I founded University of the People,
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我創辦了人民大學（University of the People）
04:11
a nonprofit, tuition-free,
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一所非盈利性的 免學費的
04:14
degree-granting university
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授予學位的大學
04:16
to give an alternative,
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它提供了另一種選擇
04:18
to create an alternative to those who have no other,
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為那些沒有其它選擇的人
創造了一種選擇
創造了一種選擇
04:22
an alternative that will be affordable
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一種價格合理的選擇
04:25
and scalable,
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一種可擴展的選擇
04:27
an alternative that will disrupt
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一種打破
現行的教育體系的選擇
04:30
the current education system,
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04:33
open the gates to higher education
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為每一位合格的學生
04:35
for every qualified student
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打開高等教育的大門
04:37
regardless of what they earn, where they live,
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不論他們的收入
不論他們身處何處
不論他們身處何處
04:42
or what society says about them.
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不論社會如何議論他們
04:45
Patrick, Debbie and Wael
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派屈克 黛比和瓦伊爾
04:47
are only three examples
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只是來自143個國家的
04:48
out of the 1,700 accepted students
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1700位被錄取的學生中
04:51
from 143 countries.
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的三個例子
04:54
We — (Applause) — Thank you.
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我們——（掌聲）——謝謝
05:00
We didn't need to reinvent the wheel.
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我們不需要重新發明輪子
05:02
We just looked at what wasn't working
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我們只是看到那些有問題的地方
05:04
and used the amazing power of the Internet
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並使用網際網路的神奇力量
05:07
to get around it.
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來繞開問題
05:09
We set out to build a model
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我們著手建立一種模式
05:12
that will cut down almost entirely
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它將削減掉
05:15
the cost of higher education,
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高等教育的絕大部分成本
05:17
and that's how we did it.
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我們是這樣做到的
05:19
First, bricks and mortar cost money.
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首先 大樓需要花錢
05:22
Universities have expenses
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大學有很多的開銷
05:25
that virtual universities don't.
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是虛擬大學所沒有的
05:28
We don't need to pass these expenses
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我們不需要將這些開銷
05:30
onto our students.
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轉移到我們的學生頭上
05:31
They don't exist.
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這些開銷不存在
05:33
We also don't need to worry about capacity.
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我們也不需要擔心可容納的人數
05:36
There are no limits of seats
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在虛擬大學裡
05:38
in virtual university.
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沒有座位數的限制
05:40
Actually, nobody needs to stand
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事實上 沒人需要
05:42
at the back of the lecture hall.
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站在講堂的後面
05:45
Textbooks is also something
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我們的學生
05:47
our students don't need to buy.
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也不需要購買課本
05:49
By using open educational resources
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使用開放的教學資源
05:52
and the generosity of professors
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以及教授們的慷慨饋贈
05:55
who are putting their material
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很多教授把他們的教學材料
05:56
free and accessible,
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免費公開
05:59
we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks.
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不需要讓我們的學生去購買課本
06:02
All of our materials come free.
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我們所有的材料都是免費的
06:05
Even professors,
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甚至是教授
06:07
the most expensive line in
any university balance sheet,
any university balance sheet,
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任何大學的收支表上最昂貴的一項
06:11
come free to our students,
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也對我們的學生免費
06:12
over 3,000 of them,
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我們有超過3000位教師
06:15
including presidents, vice chancellors,
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包括校長 副校長
06:18
professors and academic advisors
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教授和學術導師
06:21
from top universities such as NYU,
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他們來自頂尖的大學
比如紐約大學
比如紐約大學
06:25
Yale, Berkeley and Oxford,
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耶魯大學 加州大學柏克萊分校 牛津大學
06:27
came on board to help our students.
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來幫助我們的學生
06:30
Finally, it's our belief in peer-to-peer learning.
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最後 是我們對於點對點學習的信念
06:34
We use this sound pedagogical model
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我們使用這個可靠的教學模式
06:37
to encourage our students from all over the world
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來鼓勵我們來自世界各地的學生
06:40
to interact and study together
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一起互動並共同學習
06:42
and also to reduce the time
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這同時也縮短了教授們
06:45
our professors need to labor over class assignments.
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需要花在課堂作業上的時間
06:52
If the Internet has made us a global village,
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如果說網際網路
把我們變成了一個地球村
把我們變成了一個地球村
06:58
this model can develop its future leadership.
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這一模式能培養其未來的領導力量
07:02
Look how we do it.
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看看我們如何做到這一點
07:04
We only offer two programs:
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我們只提供了兩種課程：
07:07
business administration and computer science,
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商業管理和計算機科學
07:09
the two programs
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這兩個項目
07:11
that are most in demand worldwide,
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是世界上需求最廣的
07:13
the two programs that are likeliest
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這兩個項目最有可能
07:15
to help our students find a job.
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幫助我們的學生找到工作
07:19
When our students are accepted,
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當我們的學生被錄取後
07:22
they are placed in a small classroom
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他們被安排到
07:25
of 20 to 30 students to ensure
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由20至30人組成的小班
07:29
that those who need personalized attention get it.
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來保證有個性化需求的學生
能得到相應的關注
能得到相應的關注
07:32
Moreover, for every nine weeks' course,
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此外 每九週的課程
07:36
they meet a new peer,
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他們會認識一個新的同伴
07:38
a whole new set of students
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一組來自世界各地的
07:40
from all over the world.
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全新的同學
07:42
Every week, when they go into the classroom,
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每週 當他們進入課堂
07:45
they find the lecture notes of the week,
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他們會找到本週的課程筆記
07:48
the reading assignment, the homework assignment,
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閱讀任務 課外作業
07:50
and the discussion question,
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以及討論問題——
07:51
which is the core of our studies.
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這是我們學習的核心
07:54
Every week, every student
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每週末，每位學生
07:55
must contribute to the class discussion
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都必須為課堂討論做出貢獻
07:58
and also must comment
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同時也必須對其它人的貢獻
08:00
on the contribution of others.
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做出評論
08:03
This way, we open our students' minds,
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通過這樣的方法
我們開闊了學生的思維
我們開闊了學生的思維
08:06
we develop a positive shift in attitude
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我們發展了一種正面積極的態度
08:09
toward different cultures.
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來對待不同的文化
08:12
By the end of each week,
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每週結束的時候
08:14
the students take a quiz,
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學生們參加一個測驗
08:15
hand in their homework,
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提交他們的課外作業
08:17
which are assessed by their peers
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作業會在教師的監督下
08:18
under the supervision of the instructors,
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由同學互相評估
08:22
get a grade, move to the next week.
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得到成績 然後繼續下一週的學習
08:24
By the end of the course, they take the final exam,
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在課程的末尾 他們參加期末考試
08:27
get a grade, and follow to the next course.
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得到成績 然後轉到下一個課程
08:32
We opened the gates for higher education
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我們為每一個合格的學生
08:35
for every qualified student.
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打開了高等教育的大門
08:38
Every student with a high school diploma,
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每個學生 只要有高中文憑
08:41
sufficient English and Internet connection
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足夠的英語能力和網路連接
08:44
can study with us.
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就可以和我們一起學習
08:46
We don't use audio. We don't use video.
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我們不使用音頻和影片
08:49
Broadband is not necessary.
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寬帶網絡不是必須的
08:51
Any student from any part of the world
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來自世界任何一個地方的任何一個學生
08:54
with any Internet connection
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只要能連接到網路
08:56
can study with us.
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就可以和我們一起學習
08:58
We are tuition-free.
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我們沒有學費
09:00
All we ask our students to cover
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我們的學生只需要負擔
09:03
is the cost of their exams,
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考試的成本
09:04
100 dollars per exam.
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每門考試100美元
09:07
A full-time bachelor degree student
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一個全日制本科學位的學生
09:10
taking 40 courses,
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選修40門課
09:12
will pay 1,000 dollars a year,
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每年將支付1000美元
09:14
4,000 dollars for the entire degree,
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整個學位需要4000美元
09:17
and for those who cannot afford even this,
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對於連這些也無法負擔的學生
09:21
we offer them a variety of scholarships.
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我們提供了各種類型的獎學金
09:23
It is our mission that nobody will be left behind
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沒有人會因為經濟上的原因而被抛下
09:26
for financial reasons.
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這是我們的使命
09:29
With 5,000 students in 2016,
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到2016年 隨著5000名學生
09:32
this model is financially sustainable.
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這一模式在經濟上是可持續的
09:37
Five years ago, it was a vision.
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五年前這還是一個幻象
09:41
Today, it is a reality.
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而今它成為了現實
09:44
Last month, we got the ultimate
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上個月 我們的模式
09:47
academic endorsement to our model.
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得到了學術界的最終認可
09:50
University of the People is now fully accredited.
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人民大學現在已完全通過認證
09:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:55
Thank you.
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謝謝
10:01
With this accreditation,
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有了這一認證
10:02
it's our time now to scale up.
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現在到了我們擴張的時候
10:06
We have demonstrated that our model works.
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我們已經展示了
我們的模式是可行的
我們的模式是可行的
10:09
I invite universities and, even more important,
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我邀請大學 更重要的是
10:13
developing countries' governments,
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發展中國家的政府
10:14
to replicate this model
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來複製這一模式
10:16
to ensure that the gates of higher education
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來保證高等教育的大門
10:19
will open widely.
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將一直敞開
10:22
A new era is coming,
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一個新的時代來臨了
10:24
an era that will witness
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這個時代將會見證
10:26
the disruption of the higher education model
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我們今天所知的高等教育模式
10:29
as we know it today,
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的瓦解
10:31
from being a privilege for the few
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從一種少數人的特權
10:35
to becoming a basic right,
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變為一種基本權利
10:38
affordable and accessible for all.
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所有人都可以承擔 可以獲得
10:41
Thank you.
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謝謝
10:43
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shai Reshef - Education entrepreneurShai Reshef wants to democratize higher education.
Why you should listen
Reshef is the president of University of the People, an online school that offers tuition-free academic degrees in computer science, business administration and health studies (and MBA) to students across the globe. The university is partnered with Yale Law School for research and NYU and University of California Berkeley to accept top students. It's accredited in the U.S. and has admitted thousands of students from more than 180 countries. Wired magazine has included Reshef in its list of "50 People Changing the World" while Foreign Policy named him a "Top Global Thinker." Now Reshef wants to contribute to addressing the refugee crisis. "Education is a major factor in solving this global challenge," he says. UoPeople is taking at least 500 Syrian refugees as students with full scholarship. Before founding UoPeople, Reshef chaired KIT eLearning, the first online university in Europe.
Shai Reshef | Speaker | TED.com