TED2017
T. Morgan Dixon and Vanessa Garrison: The trauma of systematic racism is killing Black women. A first step toward change...
媞．摩根．狄克森 和 凡妮莎．加里森: 用步行作為革命性自我呵護的行動
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「當非裔女性走路時，事情就改變了。」媞．摩根．狄克森 （T. Morgan Dixon）和 凡妮莎．加里森 （Vanessa Garrison ） 這麼說。非營利組織「女生健行」（GirlTrek） 的創始人。她們肩負降低非裔女性因可預防疾病而死的使命，並且在過程中建立社群。怎麼做呢？透過號召一百萬非裔婦女和女孩視自我呵護視為優先，綁好運動鞋的鞋帶，朝著最健康、最落實的生活方向前行。
T. Morgan Dixon - Health activist
T. Morgan Dixon is the co-founder and CEO of GirlTrek, inspiring more than 100,000 neighborhood walkers. Full bioVanessa Garrison - Health activist
As COO of GirlTrek, Vanessa Garrison mobilizes African-American women and girls to reclaim their health and communities through walking. Full bio
T. Morgan Dixon is the co-founder and CEO of GirlTrek, inspiring more than 100,000 neighborhood walkers. Full bioVanessa Garrison - Health activist
As COO of GirlTrek, Vanessa Garrison mobilizes African-American women and girls to reclaim their health and communities through walking. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
（掌聲）
00:14
Vanessa Garrison: I am Vanessa,
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Vanessa Garrison：
我是凡妮莎（以下簡稱VG），
我是凡妮莎（以下簡稱VG），
00:15
daughter of Annette,
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是安妮特的女兒，
00:17
daughter of Olympia,
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奧林匹亞的女兒，
00:19
daughter of Melvina,
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爾薇妠的女兒，
00:20
daughter of Katie, born 1878,
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凱蒂的女兒。
1878 年，凱蒂出生於
路易斯安那州佩里奇郡。
路易斯安那州佩里奇郡。
00:24
Parish County, Louisiana.
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00:26
T. Morgan Dixon: And my name is Morgan,
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T. Morgan Dixon：我的名字
叫摩根（以下簡稱 TMD），
叫摩根（以下簡稱 TMD），
00:28
daughter of Carol,
daughter of Letha, daughter of Willie,
daughter of Letha, daughter of Willie,
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是卡羅的女兒，麗莎的
女兒，薇立的女兒，
女兒，薇立的女兒，
00:31
daughter of Sarah,
born 1849 in Bardstown, Kentucky.
born 1849 in Bardstown, Kentucky.
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瑟拉的女兒。瑟拉 1849 年
出生於肯德基州的巴德斯鎮。
出生於肯德基州的巴德斯鎮。
00:35
VG: And in the tradition of our families,
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VG：我們要遵循家庭的傳統，
00:37
the great oral tradition
of almost every black church we know
of almost every black church we know
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也是幾乎所有非裔教堂
都遵循的偉大口述傳統，
都遵循的偉大口述傳統，
00:41
honoring the culture
from which we draw so much power,
from which we draw so much power,
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來榮耀給我們力量的文化，
00:44
we're gonna start the way our mommas
and grandmas would want us to start.
and grandmas would want us to start.
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我們要遵循母親和祖母們的
方式，作為今天的開始……
方式，作為今天的開始……
TMD：先一同禱告。
00:48
TMD: In prayer. Let the words of my mouth,
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祈求我的話語、
我的默想，蒙您悦納，
我的默想，蒙您悦納，
00:51
the meditation of our hearts,
be acceptable in thy sight,
be acceptable in thy sight,
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上主啊，您是我的救贖和力量。
00:54
oh Lord, my strength and my redeemer.
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00:58
VG: We call the names and rituals
of our ancestors into this room today
of our ancestors into this room today
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VG：今天我們召喚祖先的名字，
和先輩的儀式來到這個房間裡，
和先輩的儀式來到這個房間裡，
因為從他們身上我們
接受到有力的生存藍圖，
接受到有力的生存藍圖，
01:02
because from them we received
a powerful blueprint for survival,
a powerful blueprint for survival,
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這些由非洲婦女跨洋過海
帶來的療癒策略，
帶來的療癒策略，
01:07
strategies and tactics for healing
carried across oceans by African women,
carried across oceans by African women,
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代代傳承給美國的非裔女性，
01:11
passed down to generations
of black women in America
of black women in America
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01:14
who used those skills
to navigate institutions of slavery
to navigate institutions of slavery
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她們利用那些技巧走過了奴隸制度，
01:19
and state-sponsored discrimination
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渡過了那些由政府頒布的歧視法案，
01:21
in order that we might
stand on this stage.
stand on this stage.
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為了讓我們今天能站在這個講台上。
我們追隨那些女士的腳步，
01:24
We walk in the footsteps of those women,
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我們的婦女傳奇前輩，
01:27
our foremothers, legends
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01:29
like Ella Baker, Septima Clark,
Fannie Lou Hamer,
Fannie Lou Hamer,
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如艾拉 • 貝克，賽浦隄瑪 • 克拉，
芬妮 • 蘿 • 哈茉，
芬妮 • 蘿 • 哈茉，
01:33
from whom we learned
the power of organizing
the power of organizing
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從她們身上我們學到了組織的力量，
01:36
after she would had
single-handedly registered
single-handedly registered
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芬妮在密西西比州的吉姆 • 克勞
歧視法案下獨自努力，
歧視法案下獨自努力，
01:39
60,000 voters in Jim Crow Mississippi.
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一手登記了六萬個選民。
01:43
TMD: 60,000 is a lot of people,
so if you can imagine
so if you can imagine
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TMD：六萬是很多的人數，
所以你可以想像一下，
所以你可以想像一下，
01:47
me and Vanessa inspiring
60,000 women to walk with us last year,
60,000 women to walk with us last year,
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我和凡妮莎去年激勵了六萬個
婦女，跟我們一起步行，
婦女，跟我們一起步行，
01:51
we were fired up.
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我們當時充滿了熱情。
01:53
But today, 100,000 black women and girls
stand on this stage with us.
stand on this stage with us.
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但是今天有十萬個非裔
婦女跟我們站在一起，
婦女跟我們站在一起，
我們被賦予療癒自我的承諾，
01:59
We are committed to healing ourselves,
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把球鞋的鞋帶綁好，走出家門，
02:02
to lacing up our sneakers,
to walking out of our front door
to walking out of our front door
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02:05
every single day for total healing
and transformation in our communities,
and transformation in our communities,
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每天在社區進行全然的療癒和轉型，
02:08
because we understand
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因為我們了解，
我們正走在公民權利運動的傳奇足跡上，
02:10
that we are in the footsteps
of a civil rights legacy
of a civil rights legacy
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02:13
like no other time before,
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這是從未有過的，
我們正面臨一個前所未有的健康危機，
02:15
and that we are facing a health crisis
like never ever before.
like never ever before.
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02:18
And so we've had
a lot of moments, great moments,
a lot of moments, great moments,
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我們有很多的機會可以利用，
包括當我們穿著睡衣打電腦的時候，
02:21
including the time we had on our pajamas,
we were working on our computer
we were working on our computer
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收到歐巴馬夫人邀請
我們訪問白宮的信，
我們訪問白宮的信，
02:24
and Michelle Obama emailed us
and invited us to the White House,
and invited us to the White House,
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當時我們以為它是垃圾郵件，
我們有很多機會，但此刻
能站在這裡真的是一個契機，
能站在這裡真的是一個契機，
02:27
and we thought it was spam.
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02:29
But this moment here is an opportunity.
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我們不認為它是一個
理所當然的機會，
理所當然的機會，
02:32
It is an opportunity
that we don't take for granted,
that we don't take for granted,
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02:35
and so we thought long and hard
about how we would use it.
about how we would use it.
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所以我們努力地思考
如何利用這個機會，
如何利用這個機會，
02:38
Would we talk to the women
we hope to inspire,
we hope to inspire,
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究竟要選擇明年向一百萬個
02:40
a million in the next year,
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我們希望能激勵的婦女演講，
02:42
or would we talk to you?
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或是來此向你們演講？
02:44
We decided to talk to you,
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我們決定在這裡跟你們討論，
02:47
and to talk to you about a question
that we get all the time,
that we get all the time,
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談論一個我們總是被問到的問題，
02:51
so that the millions of women
who hopefully will watch this
who hopefully will watch this
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希望這樣數以百萬計的
婦女會看到這個演講，
婦女會看到這個演講，
02:54
will never have to answer it again.
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於是便不必再去回答同樣的問題。
02:57
It is: Why are black women dying
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那問題就是：「為什麼黑人婦女
03:00
faster and at higher rates
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因可預防的與肥胖有關的疾病
03:02
than any other group of people in America
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死亡的速度和比例
03:04
from preventable,
obesity-related diseases?
obesity-related diseases?
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高於美國其他的族群？」
03:08
The question hurts me.
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這個問題讓我心痛。
03:10
I'm shaking a little bit.
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我有些顫慄，
03:11
It feels value-laden.
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它讓我感到沉重，
03:13
It hurts my body because the weight
represents so much.
represents so much.
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這問題壓在我身上讓我深感痛楚。
03:17
But we're going to talk about it
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但是我們還是要面對它，
03:18
and invite you into
an inside conversation today
an inside conversation today
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並邀請各位今天一起深入討論，
03:21
because it is necessary,
and because we need you.
and because we need you.
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因為這是必須的，
而且因為我們需要你們。
而且因為我們需要你們。
03:26
VG: Each night,
before the first day of school,
before the first day of school,
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VG：在每一個開學日的前個晚上，
03:28
my grandmother
would sit me next to the stove
would sit me next to the stove
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祖母會讓我坐在爐灶旁邊，
03:31
and with expert precision
use a hot comb to press my hair.
use a hot comb to press my hair.
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很專業地使用熱梳子梳理我的頭髮，
03:34
My grandmother was legendary, big, loud.
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我祖母嗓音高，個兒大
且富有傳奇性，
且富有傳奇性，
03:38
She filled up a room with laughter
and oftentimes curse words.
and oftentimes curse words.
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房內間充滿了她的笑聲，
時而帶點咒罵聲。
時而帶點咒罵聲。
03:41
She cooked a mean peach cobbler,
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她烤的桃子餡餅特別好吃。
03:43
had 11 children,
a house full of grandchildren,
a house full of grandchildren,
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她有十一個小孩，孫子滿堂，
03:45
and like every black woman I know,
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就像每位我認識的非裔婦女一樣，
03:48
like most all women I know,
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也像大多數我認識的婦女，
03:50
she had prioritized the care of others
over caring for herself.
over caring for herself.
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她都先照顧好其他人，才顧到自己。
03:54
We measured her strength by her capacity
to endure pain and suffering.
to endure pain and suffering.
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我們以她忍受痛苦的能耐，
來衡量她的能力，
來衡量她的能力，
03:58
We celebrated her for it,
and our choice would prove to be deadly.
and our choice would prove to be deadly.
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我們讚揚她有此能耐，
但事實證明這種想法是致命的。
但事實證明這種想法是致命的。
04:02
One night after pressing my hair
before the first day of eighth grade,
before the first day of eighth grade,
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在我升上八年級的前一天晚上，
梳理完我頭髮後，
梳理完我頭髮後，
04:05
my grandmother went to bed
and never woke up,
and never woke up,
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我祖母上床以後就沒再醒過來，
04:08
dead at 66 years old from a heart attack.
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因為心臟病死於 66 歲的年紀。
04:11
By the time I would graduate college,
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到我大學畢業，
04:13
I would lose two more beloved
family members to chronic disease:
family members to chronic disease:
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我又有另外兩位家人
因慢性病而離開我們：
因慢性病而離開我們：
04:17
my aunt Diane, dead at 55,
my aunt Tricia, dead at 63.
my aunt Tricia, dead at 63.
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我的阿姨戴安娜死於 55 歲，
另一位阿姨特莉西亞死於 63 歲。
另一位阿姨特莉西亞死於 63 歲。
04:21
After living with these losses,
the hole that they left,
the hole that they left,
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歷經喪失她們所留下的空虛後，
04:24
I decided to calculate the life expectancy
of the women in my family.
of the women in my family.
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我決定去評估我家族中
婦女的預期壽命。
婦女的預期壽命。
04:28
Staring back at me, the number 65.
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面對 65 歲這個預期壽命，
04:32
I knew I could not sit by
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我知道我不可以再坐視
04:33
and watch another woman I loved
die an early death.
die an early death.
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任一個我愛的女人過早死亡。
04:38
TMD: So we don't usually
put our business in the streets.
put our business in the streets.
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TMD：我要聲明，
通常我們不會讓家事外揚。
04:40
Let's just put that out there.
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但是我必須告訴你們統計數字。
04:42
But I have to tell you the statistics.
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04:44
Black women are dying at alarming rates,
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非裔婦女正以驚人的速度死亡中，
04:47
and I used to be a classroom teacher,
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過去我是位老師，
04:49
and I was at South Atlanta High School,
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在南亞特蘭大高中教書，
04:50
and I remember standing
in front of my classroom,
in front of my classroom,
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我記得曾經站在教室前，
04:53
and I remember a statistic
that half of black girls will get diabetes
that half of black girls will get diabetes
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想起根據統計，除非他們
改變飲食和運動習慣，
改變飲食和運動習慣，
04:58
unless diet and levels of activity change.
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有一半非裔女生將會得到糖尿病。
05:00
Half of the girls in my classroom.
So I couldn't teach anymore.
So I couldn't teach anymore.
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這是我班上一半的女生。
所以我再也無法繼續教下去。
所以我再也無法繼續教下去。
05:04
So I started taking girls hiking,
which is why we're called GirlTrek,
which is why we're called GirlTrek,
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所以我開始帶著女生們徒步旅行，
我們把它稱為「女孩健行」。
我們把它稱為「女孩健行」。
05:07
but Vanessa was like,
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可是凡妮莎覺得：這很可愛，
05:08
that is not going to move the dial
on the health crisis; it's cute.
on the health crisis; it's cute.
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但對整個健康危機是九牛一毛。
她覺得這是一個可愛的健行俱樂部。
05:12
She was like, it's a cute hiking club.
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05:13
So what we thought
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所以我們當時在想：
05:15
is if we could rally
a million of their mothers ...
a million of their mothers ...
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假如可以動員百萬個母親的話……
05:20
82 percent of black women
are over a healthy weight right now.
are over a healthy weight right now.
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眼前有 82% 黑人婦女
體重超出健康標準。
體重超出健康標準。
05:24
53 percent of us are obese.
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我們之中 53% 屬過度肥胖。
05:29
But the number that I cannot,
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但是其中讓我無法忘掉的數據，
我腦袋忘不掉的數字是：
05:31
that I cannot get out of my head
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05:33
is that every single day in America,
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在美國，每一天
05:36
137 black women
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有 137 位黑人婦女，
05:39
die from a preventable disease,
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死於原本可以預防的
05:41
heart disease.
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心血管疾病。
05:42
That's every 11 minutes.
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那就是每 11 分鐘死掉 1 人，
05:44
137 is more than gun violence,
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137 人的數字比死於槍支暴力、
抽煙和艾滋病，
05:48
cigarette smoking and HIV combined,
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每天的總數還來得多。
05:51
every day.
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05:53
It is roughly the amount of people
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這個數目大約等於我搭乘的
紐澤西飛往溫哥華班機上的人數。
05:54
that were on my plane
from New Jersey to Vancouver.
from New Jersey to Vancouver.
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你能想像得到嗎？
05:57
Can you imagine that?
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05:58
A plane filled with black women
crashing to the ground every day,
crashing to the ground every day,
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就像每天有一架載滿
黑人婦女的飛機墜落一樣，
黑人婦女的飛機墜落一樣，
06:03
and no one is talking about it.
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但沒有人去討論這件事。
VG：在座各位正在問自己：
「為什麼？為什麼黑人婦女死亡？」
「為什麼？為什麼黑人婦女死亡？」
06:06
VG: So the question that you're all
asking yourselves right now is why?
asking yourselves right now is why?
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06:09
Why are black women dying?
We asked ourselves that same question.
We asked ourselves that same question.
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我們也這樣自問。
06:13
Why is what's out there
not working for them?
not working for them?
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為什麼現有的方法沒有效果？
06:15
Private weight loss companies,
government interventions,
government interventions,
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私人減肥公司、政府的干預措施、
公共衛生活動。
06:18
public health campaigns.
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06:19
I'm going to tell you why:
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我來告訴你為什麼：
06:21
because they focus on weight loss
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因為他們只專注於減肥，
或是穿緊身牛仔褲好不好看，
06:22
or looking good in skinny jeans
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06:24
without acknowledging the trauma
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卻忽略掉黑人婦女肚皮和
骨頭中飽含的創傷，
骨頭中飽含的創傷，
06:26
that black women
hold in our bellies and bones,
hold in our bellies and bones,
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06:29
that has been embedded in our very DNA.
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那種深植入我們的遺傳因子的傷害。
06:32
The best advice
from hospitals and doctors,
from hospitals and doctors,
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來自醫院和醫師的最好的意見，
06:34
the best medications
from pharmaceutical companies
from pharmaceutical companies
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製藥公司最好的藥品，
06:36
to treat the congestive heart failure
of my grandmother didn't work
of my grandmother didn't work
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那些用來治療我祖母的
充血性心臟衰竭通通都無效，
充血性心臟衰竭通通都無效，
因為他們忽視了系統性
種族歧視的問題，
種族歧視的問題，
06:40
because they didn't acknowledge
the systemic racism
the systemic racism
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那種自從我祖母出生以來，
就必須面對的歧視。
就必須面對的歧視。
06:42
that she had dealt with since birth.
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06:44
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
06:45
A divestment in schools,
discriminatory housing practices,
discriminatory housing practices,
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那種學校經費被刪、
住房歧視性的做法、
住房歧視性的做法、
06:49
predatory lending,
a crack cocaine epidemic,
a crack cocaine epidemic,
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掠奪性貸款、快克古柯鹼氾濫、
06:52
mass incarceration putting
more black bodies behind bars
more black bodies behind bars
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因「大規模監禁」大量坐牢的黑人，
06:55
than were owned at the height of slavery.
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比被抓去當奴隸的
高峰時期總人數還多。
高峰時期總人數還多。
06:57
But GirlTrek does.
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但是「女生健行」有效。
06:59
For black women whose bodies
are buckling under the weight
are buckling under the weight
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對那些被不支持他們的系統重荷
07:02
of systems never designed to support them,
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壓垮的黑人婦女而言，
07:05
GirlTrek is a lifeline.
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「女生健行」就像是條生命線。
07:07
August 16, 2015, Danita Kimball,
a member of GirlTrek in Detroit,
a member of GirlTrek in Detroit,
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2015 年 8 月 16 日，
底特律女生跋涉之旅
會員之一的達尼塔 • 金波爾
會員之一的達尼塔 • 金波爾
07:11
received the news that too many
black mothers have received.
black mothers have received.
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如同許多其他黑人母親
一樣，得知一個消息，
一樣，得知一個消息，
07:15
Her son Norman, 23 years old,
a father of two,
a father of two,
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他 23 歲的兒子諾姆，
一個有兩個孩子的父親，
一個有兩個孩子的父親，
07:18
was gunned down
while on an afternoon drive.
while on an afternoon drive.
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某天下午正在開車的時候，
遭受槍擊而死亡，
遭受槍擊而死亡，
07:21
Imagine the grief
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想像一下那種悲傷，
07:23
that overcomes your body in that moment,
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那一刻被打擊的當下，
07:25
the immobilizing fear.
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那種令人難以動彈的悲痛。
07:27
Now, know this, that just days
after laying her son to rest,
after laying her son to rest,
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等她處理好兒子的喪事以後，
07:31
Danita Kimball posted online,
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達尼塔 • 金波爾在網路上貼文：
07:33
"I don't know what to do
or how to move forward,
or how to move forward,
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「我不知道要怎麼辦，
或是如何往前走下去，
或是如何往前走下去，
07:35
but my sisters keep telling me
I need to walk, so I will."
I need to walk, so I will."
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但是我的姐妹們不斷地鼓勵我
要繼續走，所以我會的。」
要繼續走，所以我會的。」
07:39
And then just days after that,
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幾天後她又說：
07:41
"I got my steps in today for my baby Norm.
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「我今天為了我的寶貝諾姆而走。
07:43
It felt good to be out there, to walk."
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在外面走動感覺真的很棒。」
07:48
TMD: Walking through pain
is what we have always done.
is what we have always done.
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TMD：在痛苦中行走這種事，
我們經歷過了很多。
我們經歷過了很多。
我母親，站在照片中間那位，
07:51
My mom, she's in the middle right there,
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1955 年在她唸中學的時候，
政府取消了種族隔離制度。
政府取消了種族隔離制度。
07:54
my mom desegregated
her high school in 1955.
her high school in 1955.
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07:57
Her mom walked down the steps
of an abandoned school bus
of an abandoned school bus
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她母親從廢棄的校車走下來，
08:00
where she raised 11 kids
as a sharecropper.
as a sharecropper.
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她是佃農，在巴士裡
扶養 11 個孩子。
扶養 11 個孩子。
08:03
And her mom stepped onto Indian territory
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而她母親踏上印地安人領土，
08:05
fleeing the terrors of the Jim Crow South.
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為了逃離美國南方種族歧視的恐怖。
08:08
And her mom walked her man to the door
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然後她母親陪她的男人走到門口，
08:11
as he went off to fight
in the Kentucky Colored Regiment,
in the Kentucky Colored Regiment,
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送他去肯塔基黑人軍團，
08:14
the Civil War.
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打南北戰爭。
08:16
They were born slaves
but they wouldn't die slaves.
but they wouldn't die slaves.
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雖然他們生為奴隸，
但是他們不願死為奴隸。
但是他們不願死為奴隸。
08:18
Change-making, it's in my blood.
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我的血液流著必須做改變的因子。
08:20
It's what I do,
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所以我正在做改變，
08:22
and this health crisis ain't nothing
compared to the road we have traveled.
compared to the road we have traveled.
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而這個健康危機，比起我們所
經歷過的路程根本不算什麼。
經歷過的路程根本不算什麼。
08:27
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
就像詹姆斯 • 克利夫蘭的歌：
「我一點都不覺得累。」
「我一點都不覺得累。」
08:32
So it's like James Cleveland.
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08:34
I don't feel no ways tired,
so we got to work.
so we got to work.
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我們一定要行動起來。
08:36
We started looking at models of change.
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我們開始研究改變的模式。
08:39
We looked all over the world.
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我們尋遍世界各地。
08:40
We needed something
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我們需要某種東西，
08:41
not only that was a part
of our cultural inheritance like walking,
of our cultural inheritance like walking,
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不只是因為它是我們的
文化遺產，例如步行，
文化遺產，例如步行，
而且是那種可以擴展，
具有影響力的的事情，
具有影響力的的事情，
08:44
but something that was scalable,
something that was high-impact,
something that was high-impact,
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那種可以在全國各地複製的東西。
08:47
something that we could replicate
across this country.
across this country.
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所以我們學習例如
諾貝爾和平奬得主
諾貝爾和平奬得主
08:50
So we studied models like Wangari Maathai,
who won the Nobel Peace Prize
who won the Nobel Peace Prize
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旺加里 • 馬塔伊的模式，
她激勵肯亞的女性，
種植了五十萬棵樹，
種植了五十萬棵樹，
08:53
for inspiring women
to plant 50 million trees in Kenya.
to plant 50 million trees in Kenya.
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08:56
She brought Kenya back from the brink
of environmental devastation.
of environmental devastation.
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把肯亞從環境崩潰的邊緣拯救回來。
我們研究這些做改變的系統，
以科學角度對行走做分析，
以科學角度對行走做分析，
08:59
We studied these systems of change,
and we looked at walking scientifically.
and we looked at walking scientifically.
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09:04
And what we learned
is that walking just 30 minutes a day
is that walking just 30 minutes a day
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我們得知每天只要步行 30 分鐘，
09:07
can single-handedly decrease
50 percent of your risk of diabetes,
50 percent of your risk of diabetes,
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單是這樣，就可以
降低 50% 患糖尿病、
降低 50% 患糖尿病、
心臟病、中風、甚至阿茲
海默症和失智症的風險。
海默症和失智症的風險。
09:12
heart disease, stroke,
even Alzheimer's and dementia.
even Alzheimer's and dementia.
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09:16
We know that walking
is the single most powerful thing
is the single most powerful thing
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我們知道步行是女性能做的最健康、
效果最好的一的運動。
09:20
that a woman can do for her health,
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所以我們知道是對的，
09:22
so we knew we were on to something,
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從哈莉葉 • 塔布曼（廢奴主義者），
到走上街頭的蒙哥馬利市的婦女，
到走上街頭的蒙哥馬利市的婦女，
09:24
because from Harriet Tubman
to the women in Montgomery,
to the women in Montgomery,
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當黑人婦女走的時候，改變就會來。
09:27
when black women walk, things change.
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09:29
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:30
VG: So how did we take
this simple idea of walking
this simple idea of walking
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VG：那麼我們是如何
將簡單的步行理念，
將簡單的步行理念，
09:32
and start a revolution
that would catch a fire
that would catch a fire
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化為一種革命，
點亮了遍佈美國各處的火花呢？
09:34
in neighborhoods across America?
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09:36
We used the best practices
of the Civil Rights Movement.
of the Civil Rights Movement.
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我們仿效民權運動的做法，
09:39
We huddled up in church basements.
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我們在教堂地下室集會，
09:41
We did grapevine information sharing
through beauty salons.
through beauty salons.
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我們像小道消息那樣，
在美容院將訊息散播出去，
在美容院將訊息散播出去，
09:44
We empowered and trained mothers
to stand on the front lines.
to stand on the front lines.
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訓練母親們讓她們走在第一線，
09:47
We took our message
directly to the streets,
directly to the streets,
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我們直接在街上傳播訊息，
09:49
and women responded.
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這些獲得了婦女的回應。
09:51
Women like LaKeisha in Chattanooga,
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如在查塔努加市的拉凱薩，
09:53
Chrysantha in Detroit,
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底特律市的克里山塔，
09:55
Onika in New Orleans,
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紐奧良市的奧妮卡，
09:57
women with difficult names
and difficult stories
and difficult stories
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很多名字難唸而且命運坎坷的婦女，
10:00
join GirlTrek every day and commit
to walking as a practice of self-care.
to walking as a practice of self-care.
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每天參加女孩健行運動，並把
步行視為自我照顧的生活實踐。
步行視為自我照顧的生活實踐。
10:05
Once walking, those women
get to organizing,
get to organizing,
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一旦開始步行，
那些婦女也開始組織，
那些婦女也開始組織，
10:07
first their families,
then their communities,
then their communities,
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起先是他們的家庭，
後來發展到社區，
後來發展到社區，
10:09
to walk and talk
and solve problems together.
and solve problems together.
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邊走邊談邊解決問題。
10:12
They walk and notice
the abandoned building.
the abandoned building.
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他們在散步時注意到
廢棄的建築物。
廢棄的建築物。
10:14
They walk and notice
the lack of sidewalks,
the lack of sidewalks,
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他們步行時發現缺少人行道、
10:16
the lack of green space,
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缺少綠地等，
10:18
and they say, "No more."
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於是她們會說：
「不能再這樣下去了。」
「不能再這樣下去了。」
10:19
Women like Susie Paige in Philadelphia,
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像費城的蘇西亞 • 沛姬，
10:21
who after walking daily past
an abandoned building in her neighborhood,
an abandoned building in her neighborhood,
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每天散步經過社區裡廢棄的建築物，
最後決定：「我不再等了。
10:24
decided, "I'm not waiting.
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讓我集合我的團隊，
讓我拿起一些器具，
讓我拿起一些器具，
10:26
Let me rally my team.
Let me grab some supplies.
Let me grab some supplies.
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10:28
Let me do what no one else has done
for me and my community."
for me and my community."
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讓我做從來沒有人為
我和我的社區做的事。」
我和我的社區做的事。」
TMD：我們知道一個女人
還是可以改變事情的，
還是可以改變事情的，
10:33
TMD: We know one woman
can make a difference,
can make a difference,
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10:35
because one woman
has already changed the world,
has already changed the world,
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因為有一個女人早已改變這個世界，
10:38
and her name is Harriet Tubman.
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她就是哈莉葉 • 塔布曼。
10:39
And trust me, I love Harriet Tubman.
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相信我，我愛哈莉葉 • 塔布曼。
10:42
I'm obsessed with her,
and I used to be a history teacher.
and I used to be a history teacher.
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我對她很著迷，
以前我當過歷史老師。
以前我當過歷史老師。
10:44
I will not tell you the whole history.
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我不會把她整個歷史告訴你，
10:46
I will tell you four things.
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我只說關於她的四件事情，
10:48
So I used to have an old Saab --
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以前我有一部紳寶汽車，
10:50
the kind of canvas top that drips
on your head when it rains --
on your head when it rains --
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上面有帆布敞篷，
下雨會滴到頭上那種⋯⋯
下雨會滴到頭上那種⋯⋯
10:53
and I drove all the way down
to the eastern shore of Maryland,
to the eastern shore of Maryland,
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我一路開到馬里蘭的東岸，
10:56
and when I stepped on the dirt
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當我腳踩在泥土上，
10:57
that Harriet Tubman made her first escape,
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就是當初哈莉葉 • 塔布曼
第一次逃走的地方，
第一次逃走的地方，
11:00
I knew she was a woman just like we are
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我知道她跟我們一樣是個女生，
11:02
and that we could do what she had done,
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我們也可以做她以前做過的事，
11:04
and we learned four things
from Harriet Tubman.
from Harriet Tubman.
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我們從她身上學習到四點事情，
11:06
The first one: do not wait.
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第一點：不要等待。
11:09
Walk right now in the direction
of your healthiest, most fulfilled life,
of your healthiest, most fulfilled life,
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現在就開始走路，朝著妳
最健康，最落實的生活前進。
最健康，最落實的生活前進。
11:14
because self-care is a revolutionary act.
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因為自我照護是一重革命性的行動。
11:17
Number two:
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第二點：
11:18
when you learn the way forward,
come back and get a sister.
come back and get a sister.
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當妳學會向前走之後，
回頭拉一位姊妹一起走。
回頭拉一位姊妹一起走。
11:21
So in our case,
start a team with your friends --
start a team with your friends --
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我們的情形是：先在
朋友間組織一個團體——
朋友間組織一個團體——
11:23
your friends, your family, your church.
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妳的朋友、妳的家庭、妳的教友。
11:25
Number three:
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第三點：
11:27
rally your allies.
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團結盟友。
11:31
Every single person in this room
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在座的每一位
11:33
is complicit in
a Tubman-inspired takeover.
a Tubman-inspired takeover.
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都是受到塔布曼女士啟發的同路人。
11:37
And number four:
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第四點：
11:38
find joy.
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找到樂趣。
11:40
The most underreported
fact of Harriet Tubman
fact of Harriet Tubman
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哈莉葉 • 塔布曼
最被不為人知的是
最被不為人知的是
11:43
is that she lived to be 93 years old,
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她活到 93 歲，
11:45
and she didn't live
just an ordinary life; uh-uh.
just an ordinary life; uh-uh.
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她可沒有虛度一生。
她為好人出頭。
11:48
She was standing up for the good guys.
She married a younger man.
She married a younger man.
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她嫁給年紀比她小的男人。
她收養了一個小孩。
11:51
She adopted a child.
I'm not kidding. She lived.
I'm not kidding. She lived.
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真的，她沒白活。
11:54
And I drove up to her house
of freedom in upstate New York,
of freedom in upstate New York,
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我開車到她位於紐約州
北部的自由之家，
北部的自由之家，
11:57
and she had planted apple trees,
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看到了她以前種的蘋果樹，
11:59
and when I was there on a Sunday,
they were blooming.
they were blooming.
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當我禮拜天到達那裡的時候，
那些樹正在開花。
那些樹正在開花。
12:01
Do you call it -- do they bloom?
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它們會開花，對吧？
12:03
The apples were in season,
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正好是蘋果的季節，
12:05
and I was thinking, she left fruit for us,
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當時我在想：這正是
她為我們留下的果實，
她為我們留下的果實，
12:08
the legacy of Harriet Tubman,
every single year.
every single year.
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也是每年塔布曼女士
傳奇一生的再現。
傳奇一生的再現。
12:12
And we know that we are Harriet,
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我們知道大家都是哈莉葉 ，
12:14
and we know that there is a Harriet
in every community in America.
in every community in America.
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相信在美國所有的社區裡，
都有一位哈莉葉 。
都有一位哈莉葉 。
12:18
VG: We also know that there's a Harriet
in every community across the globe,
in every community across the globe,
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也相信在全世界所有社區裡，
都有一位哈莉葉 。
都有一位哈莉葉 。
12:22
and that they could learn
from our Tubman Doctrine,
from our Tubman Doctrine,
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她們可以向她學習那四個步驟，
12:25
as we call it, the four steps.
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我們稱之為「塔布曼主義」。
12:27
Imagine the possibilities
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想像一下這種可能性，
12:29
beyond the neighborhoods
of Oakland and Newark,
of Oakland and Newark,
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超越了奧克蘭和紐華克的社區，
12:31
to the women working
rice fields in Vietnam,
rice fields in Vietnam,
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到越南在田裡工作女性，
12:34
tea fields in Sri Lanka,
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到斯里蘭卡的茶園，
12:35
the women on the
mountainsides in Guatemala,
mountainsides in Guatemala,
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在瓜地馬拉山上工作的女性，
12:38
the indigenous reservations
throughout the vast plains of the Dakotas.
throughout the vast plains of the Dakotas.
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到北達科他州大平原上
保留區的原住民女性，
保留區的原住民女性，
12:41
We believe that women walking
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我們深信女人一同步行，
12:43
and talking together
to solve their problems
to solve their problems
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一起討論解決問題，
12:45
is a global solution.
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是一種全球性的解決方案。
TMD：我們把這些交給你們，
12:48
TMD: And I'll leave you with this,
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12:50
because we also believe it can become
the center of social justice again.
the center of social justice again.
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因為我們相信它可以再度
成為社會正義的核心。
成為社會正義的核心。
12:53
Vanessa and I were in Fort Lauderdale.
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凡妮莎和我曾去羅德岱堡
12:55
We had an organizer training,
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進行組織訓練。
12:57
and I was leaving
and I got on the airplane,
and I got on the airplane,
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回程登上飛機，
12:59
and I saw someone I knew, so I waved,
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看到一個我認識的人，便揮手致意。
13:01
and as I'm waiting in that long line
that you guys know,
that you guys know,
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當時排了一長列，
13:04
waiting for people
to put their stuff away,
to put their stuff away,
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在等前面乘客放好行李，
13:06
I looked back and I realized I didn't
know the woman but I recognized her.
know the woman but I recognized her.
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我往回看，發現我並不認識她，
但是我認出她是誰。
但是我認出她是誰。
13:10
And so I blew her a kiss
because it was Sybrina Fulton,
because it was Sybrina Fulton,
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所以我對她作了一個飛吻，
因為她是莎布琳娜 • 芙爾頓。
因為她是莎布琳娜 • 芙爾頓。
13:13
Trayvon Martin's mom,
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特雷沃恩 · 馬丁的母親，
13:15
and she whispered "thank you" back to me.
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然後她悄俏地跟我說「謝謝妳」。
13:19
And I can't help but wonder
what would happen
what would happen
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我不禁要問，如果特雷沃恩被殺那天
13:21
if there were groups of women
walking on Trayvon's block that day,
walking on Trayvon's block that day,
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有成群的女性走在他的街坊會怎樣，
13:25
or what would happen
in the South Side of Chicago every day
in the South Side of Chicago every day
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或如果每天在芝加哥南邊
13:28
if there were groups of women
and mothers and aunts and cousins
and mothers and aunts and cousins
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到處都有女性、母親、阿姨、
表姊妹在步行的話會怎樣，
表姊妹在步行的話會怎樣，
13:32
walking,
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或沿著密西根州被汙染的
佛林特河岸散步，會怎樣。
佛林特河岸散步，會怎樣。
13:33
or along the polluted rivers
of Flint, Michigan.
of Flint, Michigan.
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13:37
I believe that walking
can transform our communities,
can transform our communities,
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我相信步行可以轉變我們的社區，
13:40
because it's already starting to.
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因為它已經在開始了。
13:42
VG: We believe that
the personal is political.
the personal is political.
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VG：我相信人們都是政治性的，
13:44
Our walking is for healing,
for joy, for fresh air,
for joy, for fresh air,
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我們的步行是為了療癒傷痛，
為了喜樂，為了新鮮空氣，
為了喜樂，為了新鮮空氣，
13:47
quiet time, to connect
and disconnect, to worship.
and disconnect, to worship.
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為了寧靜，或去與人交往，
或留點空間給自己，或是去崇拜。
或留點空間給自己，或是去崇拜。
13:51
But it's also walking
so we can be healthy enough
so we can be healthy enough
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但步行也是為了我們能夠更健康，
13:54
to stand on the front lines
for change in our communities,
for change in our communities,
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以站在改變我們社區的最前線。
13:58
and it is our call to action
to every black woman listening,
to every black woman listening,
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我們呼籲所有在聽的
黑人女性起而行之，
黑人女性起而行之，
14:02
every black woman in earshot of our voice,
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每個聽到我們聲音的黑人女性，
14:04
every black woman who you know.
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每個你認識的黑人女性。
14:06
Think about it: the woman working
front desk reception at your job,
front desk reception at your job,
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想一想：那些在接待櫃台工作的人，
14:09
the woman who delivers
your mail, your neighbor --
your mail, your neighbor --
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送信的女性、你的鄰居等⋯⋯
14:11
our call to action to them,
to join us on the front lines
to join us on the front lines
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我們呼籲他們：
用行動來加入我們前線，
用行動來加入我們前線，
14:15
for change in your community.
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為了改造你的社區而行動。
14:17
TMD: And I'll bring us back to this moment
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TMD：現在讓我們把話題轉回來，
14:20
and why it's so important
for my dear, dear friend Vanessa and I.
for my dear, dear friend Vanessa and I.
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來說為什麼這對我的密友
凡妮莎和對我是那麼重要。
凡妮莎和對我是那麼重要。
14:23
It's because it's not always easy for us,
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因為我們走過的路並不容易，
14:25
and in fact, we have both seen
really, really dark days,
really, really dark days,
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其實我們都曾目睹極黑暗的日子，
14:29
from the hate speech to the summer
of police brutality and violence
of police brutality and violence
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從仇恨言論
到去年夏天我們目睹的警察暴行，
14:33
that we saw last year,
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14:35
to even losing one of our walkers,
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甚至失去了一位團隊裡的步行者，
14:37
Sandy Bland, who died in police custody.
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珊蒂 • 布蘭德
在被警察拘留時死亡。
在被警察拘留時死亡。
14:41
But the most courageous thing
we do every day is we practice faith
we do every day is we practice faith
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但是每天我們最勇敢的
事情是堅持信念，
事情是堅持信念，
超越了事實的信念，
14:45
that goes beyond the facts,
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14:46
and we put feet to our prayers
every single day,
every single day,
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每天我們都實踐我們的禱告，
14:50
and when we get overwhelmed,
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當我們被壓得喘不過氣時，
14:52
we think of the words of people
like Sonia Sanchez, a poet laureate,
like Sonia Sanchez, a poet laureate,
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我們會想起桂冠詩人
索尼婭 • 姍琪絲的話：
索尼婭 • 姍琪絲的話：
14:55
who says, "Morgan, where is your fire?
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「摩根，你的火炬在哪裡？
14:58
Where is the fire that burned
holes through slave ships
holes through slave ships
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那把將奴隸船燒出一個破洞，
15:00
to make us breathe?
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讓我們呼吸的火炬在哪裡？
15:02
Where is the fire
that turned guts into chitlins,
that turned guts into chitlins,
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那個將內臟變成香腸的火苗在哪裡？
15:04
that took rhythms and make jazz,
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那將節奏化為爵士樂的火苗在哪裡？
15:06
that took sit-ins and marches
and made us jump boundaries and barriers?
and made us jump boundaries and barriers?
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那個帶領我們静坐示威和遊行，
讓我們越過界限和障礙的火在哪裡？
讓我們越過界限和障礙的火在哪裡？
15:09
You've got to find it and pass it on."
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你必須自己去尋找並且傳下去。」
15:12
So this is us finding our fire
and passing it on to you.
and passing it on to you.
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所以這就是我們，尋找火苗，
再將它傳遞給你們。
再將它傳遞給你們。
15:15
So please, stand with us,
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所以請跟我們站在一起，
15:18
walk with us as we rally a million women
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當我們召集百萬女性時
請跟我們一起行走，
請跟我們一起行走，
15:20
to reclaim the streets
of the 50 highest need communities
of the 50 highest need communities
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一起收復這個國家前 50 個
15:23
in this country.
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最需要拯救的社區街坊，
15:25
We thank you so much for this opportunity.
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感謝你們給我們這個機會。
15:27
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
ABOUT THE SPEAKERS
T. Morgan Dixon - Health activistT. Morgan Dixon is the co-founder and CEO of GirlTrek, inspiring more than 100,000 neighborhood walkers.
Why you should listen
T. Morgan Dixon co-leads GirlTrek, the largest public health nonprofit for African American women and girls in the United States. GirlTrek encourages women to use walking as a practical first step to inspire healthy living, families and communities. The organization knits local advocacy together to lead a civil rights-inspired health movement to eliminate barriers to physical activity, improve access to safe places, protect and reclaim green spaces, and improve the walkability and built environments of 50 high-need communities across the United States.
Prior to GirlTrek, Dixon was on the front lines of education reform. She served as director of leadership development for one of the largest charter school networks in the country, Achievement First, and directed the start-up of six public schools in New York City for St. Hope and the Urban Assembly, two organizations funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. She has served as a trustee for boards of The National Outdoor Leadership School, Teach for Haiti and The Underground Railroad Historic Byway, a $50 million tourism and preservation project in Maryland.
As the leader of GirlTrek, Dixon has received fellowships from Teach for America (2012), Echoing Green (2013), Ashoka (2014) and The Aspen Institute (2015). She has been featured in The New York Times and CNN. She was named a "health hero" by Essence Magazine and appeared on the cover of Outside Magazine's "Icons" edition.
T. Morgan Dixon | Speaker | TED.com
Vanessa Garrison - Health activist
As COO of GirlTrek, Vanessa Garrison mobilizes African-American women and girls to reclaim their health and communities through walking.
Why you should listen
Vanessa Garrison is the co-founder and COO of GirlTrek, the largest public health nonprofit for African-American women and girls in the United States. With more than 100,000 neighborhood walkers, GirlTrek encourages women to use walking as a practical first step to inspire healthy living, families and communities.
Prior to co-founding GirlTrek, Garrison worked within the criminal justice space, helping formerly incarcerated women access critical services. She began her career working in digital media with Turner Broadcasting System in Atlanta, where she managed digital media projects for some the world's most recognizable news and entertainment brands, including, CNN, TNT and Sports Illustrated.
With GirlTrek, Garrison has been a featured in the Washington Post and The New York Times, and she was named a "Health Hero" by Essence Magazine. She has received social innovations fellowships from Teach For America, Echoing Green and the Aspen Institute.
Vanessa Garrison | Speaker | TED.com