TEDGlobal 2009
Bjarke Ingels: 3 warp-speed architecture tales
Bjarke Ingels：飛速講解三個建築故事
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来自丹麦的建筑师 Bjarke Ingels 以火箭般的速度，图文并茂的叙述他所创造的环保绿建筑。这些建筑不但看起来浑然天成，功能也非常“自然”：挡风，吸收太阳能 － 同时创造不可思议的伟大景观。
Bjarke Ingels - Architect
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Theory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The public debate about architecture
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有關建築的公眾議題
00:14
quite often just stays on contemplating the final result,
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常常只注重最後的結果
00:18
the architectural object.
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也就是建築物本身
00:20
Is the latest tower in London
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人們會問，倫敦最新的大樓
00:23
a gherkin or a sausage
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是根小黃瓜、香腸
00:25
or a sex tool?
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還是情趣用品？
00:27
So recently, we asked ourselves
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所以最近我們自問
00:30
if we could invent a format
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是否可以發明一種形式
00:32
that could actually tell the stories behind the projects,
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來講解這些案子背後的故事
00:35
maybe combining images and drawings and words
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圖文並茂地
00:38
to actually sort of tell stories about architecture.
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述說建築的故事
00:42
And we discovered that we didn't have to invent it,
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後來我們發現我們根本不需要發明
00:45
it already existed in the form of a comic book.
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只要用漫畫的方式說故事就可以了
00:49
So we basically copied the format of the comic book
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於是我們使用漫畫的形式
00:52
to actually tell the stories of behind the scenes,
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來述說這些背後的故事
00:54
how our projects actually evolve through adaptation
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我們的建築計畫是如何從現實生活中的
00:57
and improvisation.
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混亂和機會
00:59
Sort of through the turmoil and the opportunities
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經過適應來演化
01:01
and the incidents of the real world.
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和創新
01:04
We call this comic book "Yes is More,"
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我們將這本漫畫命名為“是就是多“
01:06
which is obviously a sort of evolution of the ideas of some of our heroes.
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很明顯地，這是從一些英雄的點子演化而來
01:10
In this case it's Mies van der Rohe's Less is More.
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路威．密斯凡德羅一句”少就是多“
01:13
He triggered the modernist revolution.
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帶來了現代主義的革命
01:15
After him followed the post-modern counter-revolution,
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在他之後有對抗現代主義的後現代主義
01:18
Robert Venturi saying, "Less is a bore."
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Robert Venturi 的”少就是無聊“
01:21
After him, Philip Johnson sort of introduced
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在他之後 Philip Johnson 則介紹了
01:23
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
01:24
you could say promiscuity, or at least openness
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你可以用”我是個蕩婦“來形容這種混亂
01:26
to new ideas with, "I am a whore."
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至少是對新想法的開放態度
01:28
Recently, Obama has introduced optimism
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歐巴馬為我們帶來了樂觀主義
01:31
at a sort of time of global financial crisis.
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在這個全球都陷入經濟危機的時刻
01:34
And what we'd like to say with "Yes is More"
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當我們說”是就是多“的時候
01:36
is basically trying to question this idea
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基本上是為了挑戰
01:39
that the architectural avant-garde is almost always negatively defined,
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前衛建築總是在對抗著誰
01:42
as who or what we are against.
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或是什麼的想法
01:44
The cliche of the radical architect
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對於激進建築的老調看法
01:46
is the sort of angry young man rebelling against the establishment.
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不過是憤怒的年輕人反抗現狀
01:50
Or this idea of the misunderstood genius,
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這種，不被瞭解的天才
01:53
frustrated that the world doesn't fit in with his or her ideas.
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為了世界無法接受他或她的想法而失落沮喪
01:57
Rather than revolution, we're much more interested in evolution,
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但與其要談革命，我們對“演化”更有興趣
02:01
this idea that things gradually evolve
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萬物靠著適應和創新
02:03
by adapting and improvising
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逐漸演化
02:05
to the changes of the world.
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來改變世界
02:07
In fact, I actually think that Darwin is one of the people
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事實上，我認為達爾文是最能
02:10
who best explains our design process.
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解釋我們的設計過程的人
02:13
His famous evolutionary tree
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他名聞遐邇的演化樹
02:15
could almost be a diagram of the way we work.
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能作為解釋我們工作形態的圖表
02:17
As you can see, a project evolves through
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如你所見，一個計畫經過一代代的
02:19
a series of generations of design meetings.
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設計會議演化而成
02:22
At each meeting, there's way too many ideas.
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在每個會議中每個人都有自己的想法
02:25
Only the best ones can survive.
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但只有最好的能夠勝出
02:27
And through a process of architectural selection,
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經過選擇建築的過程
02:29
we might choose a really beautiful model
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我們選擇的可能是一個最美麗的模型
02:32
or we might have a very functional model.
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或是一個最實際的模型
02:34
We mate them. They have sort of mutant offspring.
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我們組合它們，產生一些突變的結果
02:37
And through these sort of generations of design meetings
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經過代代演進的設計會議
02:40
we arrive at a design.
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我們來到了最後的設計方案
02:42
A very literal way of showing it is a project we did
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讓我直接的用我們為哥本哈根的一個圖書館
02:44
for a library and a hotel in Copenhagen.
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和旅館所做的項目來作為例子
02:47
The design process was really tough,
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設計的過程非常艱苦
02:50
almost like a struggle for survival,
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幾乎像是為生存掙扎
02:52
but gradually an idea evolved:
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但漸漸地，一個方案演化了出來
02:55
this sort of idea of a rational tower
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它是一個旋轉的大樓
02:57
that melts together with the surrounding city,
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和周圍的城市融合在一起
02:59
sort of expanding the public space onto what we refer to as
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擴大了周圍的公眾空間
03:02
a Scandinavian version of the Spanish Steps in Rome,
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像是北歐版本的羅馬西班牙階梯
03:06
but sort of public on the outside, as well as on the inside,
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不過不止外面是公眾空間，裏面也是公眾可以使用的
03:09
with the library.
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圖書館
03:11
But Darwin doesn't only explain the evolution of a single idea.
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但達爾文的演化論裏面還說到
03:14
As you can see, sometimes a subspecies branches off.
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有時候這些變種產生了一些分支
03:18
And quite often we sit in a design meeting
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很多時候我們坐在一個設計會議裏
03:20
and we discover that there is this great idea.
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然後我們發現有個很好的點子
03:22
It doesn't really work in this context.
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卻不是很適合當時的狀況
03:24
But for another client in another culture,
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但對於來自于其他文化的另一個客戶
03:26
it could really be the right answer to a different question.
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的另一個問題，卻很有可能是對的答案
03:29
So as a result, we never throw anything out.
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結果是，我們保留所有東西
03:32
We keep our office almost like an archive
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讓我們的辦公室變成了一個
03:34
of architectural biodiversity.
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建築生物多樣性的檔案館
03:37
You never know when you might need it.
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你永遠不知道它們什麼時候會派上用場
03:39
And what I'd like to do now, in an act of
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我現在要做的是
03:41
warp-speed storytelling,
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以飛快的速度
03:43
is tell the story of how two projects evolved
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告訴你們兩個專案是如何演進
03:47
by adapting and improvising
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隨著這個世界發生的事情
03:49
to the happenstance of the world.
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適應和創新
03:52
The first story starts last year when we went to Shanghai
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第一個故事從去年我們到上海去開始
03:54
to do the competition for the Danish
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為丹麥在 2010 世界博覽會
03:56
National Pavilion for the World Expo in 2010.
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國家展覽館的項目比賽
03:59
And we saw this guy, Haibao.
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當我們見到上海世博的吉祥物
04:02
He's the mascot of the expo,
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海寶
04:04
and he looks strangely familiar.
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我們覺得它看起來很面熟
04:07
In fact he looked like a building we had designed
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事實上它看起來就像我們之前設計的一個建築
04:09
for a hotel in the north of Sweden.
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為了瑞典北部的一個旅館
04:12
When we submitted it for the Swedish competition we thought
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當我們把這個項目送往瑞典的時候我們認為
04:14
it was a really cool scheme, but it didn't exactly
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那是一個很酷的設計，但看上去
04:16
look like something from the north of Sweden.
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卻似乎不屬於瑞典北部
04:18
The Swedish jury didn't think so either. So we lost.
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瑞典的評審也不這麼認為，於是我們落選了
04:22
But then we had a meeting with a Chinese businessman
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但後來我們見到一位中國商人
04:24
who saw our design and said,
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他看著我們的設計，說
04:26
"Wow, that's the Chinese character for the word 'people.'"
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“哇，這不是我們的”人“字嗎？”
04:29
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:31
So, apparently this is how you write "people,"
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顯然這就是中國字“人”的寫法
04:33
as in the People's Republic of China.
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在中國
04:35
We even double checked.
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我們甚至再次確認了一次
04:37
And at the same time, we got invited to exhibit
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同時，我們也被邀請到
04:39
at the Shanghai Creative Industry Week.
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上海創意產業周去參展
04:41
So we thought like, this is too much of an opportunity,
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於是我們想，這是個天大的好機會
04:44
so we hired a feng shui master.
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於是我們請了一個風水師
04:46
We scaled the building up three times to Chinese proportions,
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把建築變大三倍，變成中國的比例
04:49
and went to China.
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然後出發去中國
04:52
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
04:55
So the People's Building, as we called it.
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我們叫他“人大廈”
04:57
This is our two interpreters, sort of reading the architecture.
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這是我們的口譯員，正在解讀建築
05:01
It went on the cover of the Wen Wei Po newspaper,
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它上了文匯報頭版
05:03
which got Mr. Liangyu Chen, the mayor of Shanghai,
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吸引了上海市長陳良宇
05:06
to visit the exhibition.
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來參觀展覽
05:08
And we had the chance to explain the project.
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讓我們有機會為他解說
05:10
And he said, "Shanghai is the city in the world
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他說“上海是一個世界上最多摩天大樓
05:13
with most skyscrapers,"
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的城市。”
05:15
but to him it was as if the connection to the roots had been cut over.
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但對他來說，卻像是把和根的聯繫剪斷了
05:19
And with the People's Building, he saw an architecture
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在“人大廈”上他看見了一個建築
05:21
that could bridge the gap between the ancient wisdom of China
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可以成為古代中國智慧和未來中國發展
05:24
and the progressive future of China.
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的橋樑
05:27
So we obviously profoundly agreed with him.
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當然，我們深刻的表示同意
05:30
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:34
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:38
Unfortunately, Mr. Chen is now in prison for corruption.
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不幸的是現在陳先生因為貪污正在坐牢
05:41
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
05:45
But like I said, Haibao looked very familiar,
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但如我所說，海寶看上去很眼熟
05:47
because he is actually the Chinese character for "people."
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因為它是中國字裏的“人”字
05:51
And they chose this mascot because
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它們選擇這個吉祥物的原因是
05:53
the theme of the expo is "Better City, Better Life."
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世博的主題是“城市，讓生活更美好”
05:56
Sustainability.
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永續性
05:58
And we thought, sustainability has grown into being
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今日，永續性已經變成了一種
06:00
this sort of neo-Protestant idea
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新教徒式的想法
06:02
that it has to hurt in order to do good.
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做好事一定得犧牲
06:04
You know, you're not supposed to take long, warm showers.
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像是不應該沖太長時間的熱水澡
06:08
You're not supposed to fly on holidays because it's bad for the environment.
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或是因為環保不應該坐飛機去度假
06:12
Gradually, you get this idea that sustainable life
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逐漸地你開始感覺永續型的生活
06:15
is less fun than normal life.
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沒有辦法像正常生活這麼有趣
06:17
So we thought that maybe it could be interesting to focus on examples
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所以我們想，如果我們可以針對那些
06:20
where a sustainable city
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因為永續而提升生活品質的城市
06:22
actually increases the quality of life.
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來作為例子，會很有趣
06:25
We also asked ourselves, what could Denmark possibly show China
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我們也自問，丹麥有什麼可以展示
06:27
that would be relevant?
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而且和中國人有關的？
06:29
You know, it's one of the biggest countries in the world, one of the smallest.
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一個是世界上最大的國家之一，一個是最小國家之一
06:32
China symbolized by the dragon.
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中國以龍為象徵
06:34
Denmark, we have a national bird, the swan.
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丹麥，也有國鳥，天鵝
06:37
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
06:39
China has many great poets,
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中國有許多偉大的詩人
06:41
but we discovered that in the People's Republic
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但我們發現在中國人民共和國的
06:43
public school curriculum,
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小學教材裏
06:45
they have three fairy tales by An Tu Sheng,
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有三個安徒生童話故事
06:48
or Hans Christian Anderson, as we call him.
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也就是丹麥的漢斯·克利斯蒂安·安徒生
06:50
So that means that all 1.3 billion Chinese
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這代表十三億中國人
06:53
have grown up with "The Emperor's New Clothes,"
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都是看國王的新衣、賣火柴的女孩
06:55
"The Matchstick Girl" and "The Little Mermaid."
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和小美人魚長大的
06:58
It's almost like a fragment of Danish culture
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就像是一個小小的丹麥文化
07:00
integrated into Chinese culture.
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被融入了中國文化中
07:02
The biggest tourist attraction in China is the Great Wall.
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中國最大的旅遊景點是萬里長城
07:05
The Great Wall is the only thing that can be seen from the moon.
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長城是唯一能在月球上看見的人類建築
07:07
The big tourist attraction in Denmark is The Little Mermaid.
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丹麥最大的旅遊景點是小美人魚
07:10
That can actually hardly be seen from the canal tours.
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小的幾乎在觀光遊船上也看不到
07:13
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
07:15
And it sort of shows the difference between these two cities.
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這些都代表了兩個城市的差異
07:17
Copenhagen, Shanghai,
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哥本哈根、上海
07:19
modern, European.
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現代、歐洲
07:21
But then we looked at recent urban development,
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但當我們看看最近的城市發展
07:23
and we noticed that this is like a Shanghai street,
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我們發現這就像30年前的
07:25
30 years ago. All bikes, no cars.
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上海街頭。全是腳踏車，沒有車
07:28
This is how it looks today; all traffic jam.
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現在看起來是這樣，大塞車
07:30
Bicycles have become forbidden many places.
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腳踏車在許多地方是被禁止的
07:33
Meanwhile, in Copenhagen we're actually expanding the bicycle lanes.
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在哥本哈根我們開始擴大腳踏車道
07:36
A third of all the people commute by bike.
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三分之一的人以腳踏車代步
07:39
We have a free system of bicycles called the City Bike
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哥本哈根有個免費腳踏車系統，叫“城市腳踏車”
07:41
that you can borrow if you visit the city.
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你可以借它拜訪城市的任何一個角落
07:43
So we thought, why don't we reintroduce the bicycle in China?
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我們想，為什麼不乾脆把腳踏車重新介紹給中國人呢？
07:47
We donate 1,000 bikes to Shanghai.
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我們捐贈了一千輛腳踏車給上海
07:50
So if you come to the expo, go straight to the Danish pavilion,
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當你到上海世博的時候，直接到丹麥館去
07:53
get a Danish bike, and then continue on that to visit the other pavilions.
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借一部丹麥腳踏車。然後再繼續去拜訪其他館
07:57
Like I said, Shanghai and Copenhagen are both port cities,
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上海和哥本哈根都是港口城市
08:00
but in Copenhagen the water has gotten so clean
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但哥本哈根的水非常乾淨
08:02
that you can actually swim in it.
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乾淨到你可以在裏面游泳
08:04
One of the first projects we ever did
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我們做的頭幾個項目之一
08:06
was the harbor bath in Copenhagen,
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就是哥本哈根港海港浴
08:08
sort of continuing the public realm into the water.
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把公共空間帶進水裏
08:10
So we thought that these expos quite often have a lot of
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我們覺得這些展覽經常包含了很多
08:14
state financed propaganda,
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國家資助的宣傳
08:16
images, statements, but no real experience.
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影像、文案，但沒有真正的體驗
08:18
So just like with a bike, we don't talk about it.
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我們希望藉著像腳踏車這樣的東西
08:20
You can try it.
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大家可以自己感覺
08:22
Like with the water, instead of talking about it,
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像水，與其我們在文案裏形容它有多乾淨
08:24
we're going to sail a million liters of harbor water
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不如從哥本哈根港口運一百萬公升的水
08:27
from Copenhagen to Shanghai,
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到上海
08:29
so the Chinese who have the courage can actually dive in
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所以有勇氣的中國人可以親身跳下水
08:31
and feel how clean it is.
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體驗它到底有多乾淨
08:33
This is where people normally object that it doesn't sound very sustainable
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這時人們通常都會反映說，把水從哥本哈根運到中國
08:36
to sail water from Copenhagen to China.
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聽上去不太環保
08:39
But in fact, the container ships go
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但事實上這些船隻裝滿了從中國
08:42
full of goods from China to Denmark,
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運到丹麥的貨物
08:45
and then they sail empty back.
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回程卻是空的
08:47
So quite often you load water for ballast.
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很多時候都需要水來壓艙
08:49
So we can actually hitch a ride for free.
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所以我們只是坐了順風船
08:51
And in the middle of this sort of harbor bath,
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在這個海港池水中間
08:53
we're actually going to put the actual Little Mermaid.
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我們會把真正的小美人魚銅像放在那裏
08:56
So the real Mermaid, the real water, and the real bikes.
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真正的小美人魚，真正的水，真正的腳踏車
08:59
And when she's gone, we're going to invite
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當她不在的時候我們會請一個中國的藝術家
09:01
a Chinese artist to reinterpret her.
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來重新闡釋她
09:03
The architecture of the pavilion is this sort of loop
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展館建築本身是一個由展覽和腳踏車
09:05
of exhibition and bikes.
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組成的環形
09:07
When you go to the exhibition, you'll see the Mermaid and the pool.
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當你到展場時，你會看到小美人魚銅像和水池
09:10
You'll walk around, start looking for a bicycle on the roof,
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你會四處走動，開始在屋頂上找腳踏車
09:13
jump on your ride and then continue out into the rest of the expo.
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跳上車繼續去看其他展館
09:18
So when we actually won the competition
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當我們贏得這個項目以後
09:20
we had to do an exhibition in China explaining the project.
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我們得在中國做一個展覽解釋我們的設計理念
09:23
And to our surprise we got one of our boards back
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令我們驚訝的是竟然有一塊展覽說明被退了回來
09:25
with corrections from the Chinese state censorship.
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上面有中國審查機構做的修改
09:30
The first thing, the China map missed Taiwan.
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第一，中國地圖少了臺灣
09:33
It's a very serious political issue in China. We will add on.
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這在中國是一個非常嚴肅的政治問題，我們會加上
09:36
The second thing, we had compared the swan to the dragon,
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第二，我們把天鵝和龍做比較
09:39
and then the Chinese state said,
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於是中國官方寫著
09:41
"Suggest change to panda."
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“建議改成熊貓”
09:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
09:45
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
09:48
So, when it came out in Denmark that we were actually going to
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世博開始以後我們會把這個丹麥國家象徵
09:50
move our national monument,
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搬到中國去
09:52
the National People's Party sort of rebelled against it.
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政府裏人反對這個點子
09:57
They tried to pass a law against moving the Mermaid.
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他們嘗試通過一個不許移動小美人魚的法律
10:00
So for the first time, I got invited to speak at the National Parliament.
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於是有生以來第一次我被邀請到國家議會去演講
10:03
It was kind of interesting because in the morning, from 9 to 11,
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這很有趣因為從早上九點到十一點
10:07
they were discussing the bailout package --
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他們在討論新的財政援助
10:09
how many billions to invest in saving the Danish economy.
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要把幾百億振興方案投資在丹麥經濟裏
10:12
And then at 11 o'clock they stopped talking about these little issues.
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十一點他們停止討論這些小事
10:15
And then from 11 to 1,
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因為十一點到下午一點
10:17
they were debating whether or not to send the Mermaid to China.
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他們要辯論是否應該把小美人魚送到中國
10:19
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
10:21
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
10:26
But to conclude, if you want to see the Mermaid from May to December
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結論是，如果明年五月到十一月你想看小美人魚
10:29
next year, don't come to Copenhagen,
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不要到哥本哈根去
10:31
because she's going to be in Shanghai.
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因為她要去上海
10:33
If you do come to Copenhagen,
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如果你到哥本哈根
10:35
you will probably see an installation by Ai Weiwei, the Chinese artist.
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你會看到中國藝術家艾未未的裝置藝術
10:39
But if the Chinese government intervenes, it might even be a panda.
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但如果中國政府介入的話也很有可能變成熊貓
10:43
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
10:46
So the second story that I'd like to tell
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我想說的第二個故事是
10:49
is, actually starts in my own house.
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從我自己的房子開始
10:53
This is my apartment.
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這是我的公寓
10:55
This is the view from my apartment,
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這是從我公寓看出去的景觀
10:57
over the sort of landscape of triangular balconies
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從這些三角形的陽臺上
11:00
that our client called the Leonardo DiCaprio balcony.
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我的客戶稱之為“李奧納多”陽臺
11:03
And they form this sort of vertical backyard
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它們形成了這個垂直的後院
11:09
where, on a nice summer day, you'll actually get introduced to all your neighbors
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在一個美好的夏天，你可以和你的鄰居自我介紹
11:11
in a vertical radius of 10 meters.
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在十公尺的舉例內
11:14
The house is sort of a distortion of a square block.
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這個房子事實上是一個變化的方形
11:17
Trying to zigzag it to make sure
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互相錯開以確定
11:19
that all of the apartments look at the straight views,
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所有的公寓都能看到景觀
11:21
instead of into each other.
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而不是看到彼此
11:23
Until recently, this was the view from my apartment,
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所以最近我家的景觀變成了工地
11:26
onto this place where our client actually bought the neighbor site.
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直到我們的客戶買了旁邊的空地
11:30
And he said that he was going to do an apartment block
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他說他要蓋一整排的公寓
11:33
next to a parking structure.
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旁邊是停車塔
11:35
And we thought, rather than doing a traditional stack of apartments
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於是我們想與其蓋一組傳統的公寓
11:38
looking straight into a big boring block of cars,
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看向一排排無聊的空車
11:41
why don't we turn all the apartments into penthouses,
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我們何不把所有公寓都變成斜角
11:44
put them on a podium of cars.
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再把它們放在車子組成的平臺上
11:46
And because Copenhagen is completely flat,
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因為哥本哈根是完全平坦的
11:48
if you want to have a nice south-facing slope with a view,
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如果你想要有個視野良好的南向坡度
11:50
you basically have to do it yourself.
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你只好自己來
11:52
Then we sort of cut up the volume,
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然後我們再減低一些容量
11:55
so we wouldn't block the view from my apartment.
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免得擋住我家的視野
11:57
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
12:01
And essentially the parking is sort of occupying the deep space
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這些停車場填滿公寓住家底層的空間
12:04
underneath the apartments.
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空間
12:06
And up in the sun, you have a single layer of apartments
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從太陽的角度看，頂部是一層公寓
12:09
that combine all the splendors of a suburban lifestyle,
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擁有所有郊區的生活形態
12:12
like a house with a garden with a sort of metropolitan view,
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像個擁有城市景觀的花園洋房
12:16
and a sort of dense urban location.
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在人口密集的地區
12:19
This is our first architectural model.
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這是我們的模型
12:21
This is an aerial photo taken last summer.
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這是我們去年夏天拍攝的空照圖
12:24
And essentially, the apartments cover the parking.
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基本上公寓蓋住了停車場
12:27
They are accessed through this diagonal elevator.
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你可以乘坐這個的斜的電梯
12:30
It's actually a stand-up product from Switzerland,
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這是一個瑞士的產品
12:32
because in Switzerland they have a natural need for diagonal elevators.
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因為在瑞士他們需要這種斜角電梯
12:36
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
12:38
And the facade of the parking,
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停車場的正面
12:40
we wanted to make the parking naturally ventilated,
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我們想要讓它可以自然通風
12:43
so we needed to perforate it.
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於是我們需要在上面打洞
12:45
And we discovered that by controlling the size of the holes,
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我們發現我們可以利用洞的不同大小
12:47
we could actually turn the entire facade
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讓整個立面變成一個
12:49
into a gigantic, naturally ventilated,
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巨大的，自然通風的
12:52
rasterized image.
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光柵圖像
12:54
And since we always refer to the project as The Mountain,
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因為我們總是叫這個案件“山嵐”
12:57
we commissioned this Japanese Himalaya photographer
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於是我們請一個日本的喜馬拉雅山脈攝影師
12:59
to give us this beautiful photo of Mount Everest,
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給我們這張美麗的聖母峰照片
13:02
making the entire building a 3,000 square meter artwork.
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把整棟建築變成一個三千平方尺的藝術品
13:06
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
13:12
So if you go back into the parking, into the corridors,
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如果你回到停車場，建築裏的走廊
13:15
it's almost like traveling into a parallel universe
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就像是在平行宇宙裏走動
13:17
from cars and colors,
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從這些車子和顏色
13:19
into this sort of south-facing urban oasis.
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走進這個南向的城市綠洲
13:22
The wood of your apartment continues outside becoming the facades.
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公寓裏的原木延伸到外面，成為建築表面
13:26
If you go even further, it turns into this green garden.
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再往外去，就走進了這個綠色花園
13:29
And all the rainwater that drops on the Mountain
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所有從山上來的雨水
13:31
is actually accumulated.
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都聚集起來
13:33
And there is an automatic irrigation system
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經過這個自動灑水系統
13:36
that makes sure that this sort of landscape of gardens,
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讓這個花園
13:39
in one or two years it will sort of transform
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再一兩年內變成
13:41
into a Cambodian temple ruin,
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柬埔寨的廢棄神殿一樣的
13:43
completely covered in green.
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綠色城堡
13:45
So, the Mountain is like our first built example
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“山嵐”是我們叫做“建築煉金術”
13:48
of what we like to refer to as architectural alchemy.
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的第一個例子
13:51
This idea that you can actually create, if not gold,
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想法是你可以創造，就算不是金子
13:53
then at least added value by mixing
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至少創造價值，藉著混合
13:55
traditional ingredients, like normal apartments
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傳統元素，像普通公寓
13:57
and normal parking,
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和普通停車塔
13:59
and in this case actually offer people
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變成這個讓人們不再需要
14:01
the chance that they don't have to choose between
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選擇一個綠化的生活
14:03
a life with a garden or a life in the city.
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或是一個城市的生活
14:05
They can actually have both.
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而可以同時擁有兩者
14:09
As an architect, it's really hard to set the agenda.
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身為建築師你很難設定一個改造整個城市的方針
14:13
You can't just say that now I'd like to do a sustainable city
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你不能說：現在我要來建個永續城市
14:15
in central Asia,
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在中亞
14:17
because that's not really how you get commissions.
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因為這不是你贏得案子的方法
14:20
You always have to sort of adapt and improvise
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你必須從機會，意外
14:24
to the opportunities and accidents that happen,
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和世界的混亂中
14:26
and the sort of turmoil of the world.
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適應和創造
14:30
One last example is that recently we,
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上個例子發生在
14:32
like last summer, we won the competition
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上個夏天，我們贏得了
14:35
to design a Nordic national bank.
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北歐國家銀行的設計案
14:38
This was the director of the bank when he was still smiling.
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這是銀行總裁 － 在他還笑得出來的時候
14:42
(Laughter)
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（笑聲）
14:44
It was in the middle of the capital so we were really excited by this opportunity.
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我們很興奮能贏得這個案子，因為它就在首都的正中心
14:47
Unfortunately, it was the national bank of Iceland.
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很不幸的那其實是冰島國家銀行
14:52
At the same time, we actually had a visitor --
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同時有個人來訪問我們
14:55
a minister from Azerbaijan came to our office.
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一個來自亞塞拜然的部長來到我們的辦公室
14:58
We took him to see the Mountain. And he got very excited
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我們帶他去看“山嵐”
15:01
by this idea that you could actually make mountains
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他對這個你可以把建築變成山嵐的方法
15:03
out of architecture,
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非常興奮
15:05
because Azerbaijan is known as the Alps of Central Asia.
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因為亞塞拜然被人們稱為中亞的阿爾卑斯
15:08
So he asked us if we could actually imagine
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於是他問我們是否可以想像
15:10
an urban master plan
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一個全面性的都市計畫
15:12
on an island outside the capital
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在這個首都外的小島
15:14
that would recreate the silhouette of the seven most significant mountains
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把亞塞拜然的七座最偉大的山脈
15:17
of Azerbaijan.
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描繪出來
15:19
So we took the commission.
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於是我們接受了這個計畫
15:21
And we made this small movie that I'd like to show.
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我們做了這個小小的影片
15:24
We quite often make little movies.
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我們常常做這些影片
15:26
We always argue a lot about the soundtrack,
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而且常常為影片的配樂而爭執
15:28
but in this case it was really easy to choose the song.
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不過這次倒是很容易決定
15:37
So basically, Baku is this sort of crescent bay
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基本上巴庫是這個半月灣
15:39
overlooking the island of Zira, the island that we are planning --
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正對這 Zira 島，這次我們計畫的島嶼
15:42
almost like the diagram of their flag.
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就像他們的國際形狀一樣
15:45
And our main idea was
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我們主要的想法是
15:47
to sort of sample the seven most significant mountains
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把亞塞拜然的七個偉大山脈
15:50
of the topography of Azerbaijan
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做個測量繪圖
15:53
and reinterpret them into urban and architectural structures,
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然後把這些景觀變成適合人居住的
15:56
inhabitable of human life.
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都市和建築構造
15:59
Then we place these mountains on the island,
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我們把這些山脈放在島上
16:02
surrounding this sort of central green valley,
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圍繞著這些中心的綠色山谷
16:04
almost like a central park.
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就像中央公園
16:07
And what makes it interesting is that the island right now
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有趣的是現在這個島嶼只是一片沙漠
16:09
is just a piece of desert. It has no vegetation.
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沒有任何植物
16:11
It has no water. It has no energy, no resources.
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沒有水源，沒有能源，沒有資源
16:15
So we actually sort of designed the entire island as a single ecosystem,
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於是我們基本上把整個島設計成一個自然運作的生態系統
16:19
exploiting wind energy to drive the desalination plants,
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開發風力來運作淨水系統
16:23
and to use the thermal properties of water
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使用水的熱量
16:25
to heat and cool the buildings.
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來調節建築的溫度
16:27
And all the sort of excess freshwater wastewater
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這些多出來的乾淨廢水
16:30
is filtered organically into the landscape,
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經過地質的自然過濾
16:33
gradually transforming the desert island
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逐漸地將這個沙漠小島
16:35
into sort of a green, lush landscape.
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變成一個綠油油的風景
16:39
So, you can say where an urban development
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一般人認為都市開發做的就是
16:42
normally happens at the expense of nature,
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損壞自然，但在這個例子裏
16:46
in this case it's actually creating nature.
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卻是創造自然
16:50
And the buildings, they don't only sort of
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這些建築不只
16:53
invoke the imagery of the mountains,
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重新展現這些山景
16:56
they also operate like mountains.
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它們的功能也像真正的山
16:58
They create shelter from the wind.
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它們擋風
17:00
They accumulate the solar energy.
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收集太陽能
17:02
They accumulate the water.
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收集水資源
17:04
So they actually transform the entire island
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把整座島化為
17:06
into a single ecosystem.
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一個獨立的生態系統
17:11
So we recently presented the master plan,
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我們最近提交了這個計畫
17:14
and it has gotten approved.
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而且被通過了
17:16
And this summer we are starting the construction documents
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這個夏天我們開始動手做頭兩座山的
17:19
of the two first mountains,
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施工圖
17:21
in what's going to be the first carbon-neutral island
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這將會稱為中亞第一個
17:25
in Central Asia.
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無碳島
17:28
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
17:37
Yes, maybe just to round off.
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做個總結
17:39
So in a way you can see how the Mountain in Copenhagen
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某個程度上你可以看到一個哥本哈根的山嵐
17:42
sort of evolved into the Seven Peaks of Azerbaijan.
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如何演化成亞塞拜然的七座山
17:45
With a little luck and some more evolution,
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只要一些運氣和一些演化
17:48
maybe in 10 years it could be the Five Mountains on Mars.
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說不定在十年內就是火星的五座山了
17:52
Thank you.
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謝謝
17:54
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bjarke Ingels - ArchitectTheory meets pragmatism meets optimism in Bjarke Ingels' architecture. His big-think approach is informed by a hands-on, ground-up understanding of the needs of a building's occupants and surroundings.
Why you should listen
Bjarke Ingels is principal of BIG, based in Copenhagen. An alumnus of Rem Koolhaas' OMA practice, Ingels takes a similar approach: experimenting with pure space, but never losing sight of the building as a solution to a real-world problem. His manifesto "Yes Is More" takes the form of a giant cartoon strip, 130 meters long, that reminds people to keep thinking big -- to see all our modern problems as challenges that inspire us. (The manifesto is now available in comic-book form.)
His deeply-thought-out and often rather large works -- including several skyscrapers and mixed-use projects in a developing section of Copenhagen, plus a project for a new commercial harbor-island -- work to bring coherence to the urban fabric and to help their occupants and users lead better lives. His most famous works include: the Stavanger Concert House, Tallinn’s city hall and the VM Houses. He recently won a competition to design Copenhagen’s waste-to-energy plant with a design that will place a ski slope on top of the structure.
Bjarke Ingels | Speaker | TED.com