Suzana Herculano-Houzel: What is so special about the human brain?
سوزانا هرکولانو-هوزل: چه چیز مغز انسان ویژه است؟
Suzana Herculano-Houzel shrunk the human brain by 14 billion neurons -- by developing a new way to count them. Full bio
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in these questions about 10 years ago,
علاقمند شدم،
what different brains were made of.
مختلف از چی ساخته شدن.
پستانداران،
که
دارن.
with brains of different sizes,
با هم مقایسه کنید،
and the larger the brain,
متوسل میشن
میاد،
than we should have
داشته باشیم
than just operating the body.
بدنمون انجام بدیم .
ما باشن،
مال ما باشه،
باشه،
شد.
قابل تعمیم باشه،
very different numbers of neurons.
ساخته شده باشه.
actually has the most neurons
شنیده باشین
to count cells in the brain,
سلول های مغز،
سوپ بودنش،
هسته ها
of this homogeneous solution,
استفاده کردیم،
بسازه.
خیلی بزرگتر بشه،
a rodent brain of the same size,
همون اندازه داره،
عصبیه که
the 86 billion neurons mean.
سلول عصبی است.
and its number of neurons
رو پیدا کردیم
ساخته میشد.
conclusion already,
بله،
موش نیستیم.
would have really appreciated this.
این ایده رو تحسین می کرد.
ساخته شده بود.
غمگینه ایه
per billion neurons per day.
سلول عصبی در روز.
مصرف میکنه.
اندازه بدن
not because we're special.
چون منحصر به فردیم.
remarkable number of neurons,
عصبی رسیدیم،
than we do, with more neurons?
با تعداد سلول عصبی بیشتر؟
and a large number of neurons.
certain number of neurons costs,
سلول عصبی می سوزونه،
body size and number of neurons.
سلول های عصبی وجود داره.
غذا می خوره
رو تامین کنه،
خوردن کنید،
می تونن انجام بدن.
باید رو می سوزونه
energy in much less time.
زمان کمتر می انجامد.
کارهای
همه سلول عصبی،
the energy for a lot of neurons
زیاد رو تامین کنیم
می تونه تقبل کنه،
دنبال راه حل می گردیم.
بقیه حیوانات انجام نمیدن،
فقط انسان می پزه.
the way I think about food.
غذا رو تغییر داد.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Suzana Herculano-Houzel - NeuroscientistSuzana Herculano-Houzel shrunk the human brain by 14 billion neurons -- by developing a new way to count them.
Why you should listen
How many neurons make a human brain? For years, the answer has been (give or take) 100 billion. But neuroscientist Suzana Herculano-Houzel decided to count them herself. Her research approach involved dissolving four human brains (donated to science) into a homogeneous mixture -- in her lab at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences in Rio de Janeiro, they call it "brain soup." She then took a sample of the mix, counted the number of cell nuclei belonging to neurons, and scaled that up. Result: the human brain has about 86 billion neurons, 14 billion fewer than assumed -- but intriguingly, far more than other animals, relative to brain size.
She suggests that it was the invention of cooking by our ancestors -- which makes food yield much more metabolic energy -- that allowed humans to develop the largest primate brain. She's now working on elephant and whale brains to test her hypothesis.
Suzana Herculano-Houzel | Speaker | TED.com