Marlene Zuk: What we learn from insects' sex lives
مارلين زوك: ماذا نتعلم من العادات الغريبة لتزواج الحشرات؟
Marlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves. Full bio
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than they are of dying.
"Book of Lists" survey
"كتاب القوائم" عام 1973
worst, funniest lists that you see today.
لأفضل وأسوء وأطرف الأمور التي نراها اليوم.
والخطابة، هما الشيئين
as sources of fear.
الحشرات سداسية الأرجل.
spiders in there,
would have just topped the chart.
الحشرات والعناكب القائمة.
of the greatest minds in science,
إدوارد أوسبورن ويلسون،
some of the smallest minds on Earth.
أصغر العقول على الأرض.
coming back to insects?
magnitude of almost everything about them.
هو ضخامة كل ما يتعلق بها.
than any other kind of animal.
of insects there are,
عدد أنواع الحشرات الموجودة،
are being discovered all the time.
maybe as many as 10 million.
وربما 10 ملايين نوع.
an insect-of-the-month calendar
به حشرة لكل شهر
for over 80,000 years.
لأكثر من 80,000 سنة.
فإن وجود الحشرات أمر أساسي.
that 1 out of every 3 bites of food
discoveries
للتوصل إلى اكتشافات أساسية
of our nervous systems
about our own behavior.
everything that people do.
يقوم به البشر تقريبًا.
they fight, they break up.
وحتى تنفصل عن بعضها.
like love or animosity.
different than what drives our own,
can be really illuminating.
of our most consuming interests -- sex.
وهي.. التزاوج.
and I think I can defend,
interesting than sex in people.
مثير للاهتمام أكثر من البشر.
some of our own assumptions
to have sex at all to reproduce.
للتزاوج لكي تتكاثر.
of themselves without ever mating.
صغيرة من نفسها دون تزاوج على الإطلاق.
interesting than human sperm.
أكثر من السائل المنوي البشري.
than the male's own body.
use their sperm to compete.
للتنافس فيما بينها.
like the horns on these beetles.
مثل القرون في هذه الخنافس.
after mating with their sperm.
بالسائل المنوي.
that look kind of like Swiss Army knives
أعضاء ذكرية أشبه السكاكين السويسرية
like scoops,
that the female has mated with.
التي تزاوجت معها الأنثى.
of us imitating them
an example for us to follow.
is probably just as well.
is rampant among insects?
الشريك بعد التزاوج شائع بين الحشرات؟
that we humans have about the sex roles.
عن دور كل فرد حسب نوعه.
dictates kind of a 1950s sitcom version
أشبه ببرامج الكوميديا في الخمسينات
supposed to be dominant and aggressive,
دائمًا مسيطرًا وعدوانيًا،
and grasshoppers.
about who they mate with,
sperm during mating,
something called a nuptial gift.
mating in these photos.
the male's the one on the right,
is the female's egg-laying organ.
عضو وضع البيض في الأنثى.
this from his own body
of his body mass.
and let you think about
every time they had sex,
بالشيء نفسه عند كل تزاوج،
that weighed 50, 60, 70 pounds.
to do that very often.
فعل ذلك أيضًا.
these nuptial gifts to.
during and after mating.
the better off the male is,
كان ذلك أفضل للذكر،
السائل المنوي بوقت أطول
and fertilize her eggs.
are very passive about mating,
سلبية جدًا بشأن التزاوج،
are extremely aggressive and competitive,
nutritious nuptial gifts as they can.
من هدايا التزاوج المغذيِّة.
a stereotypical set of rules.
in the lives of a lot of insects.
في حياة كثير من الحشرات.
the bees and wasps and ants --
مثل النحل والدبابير والنمل،
to your sugar bowl,
على طبق السكر،
from flower to flower --
من زهرة إلى أخرى،
their head around that idea for millennia.
محاولة فهم هذه الفكرة.
a class of bees, the drones,
فئات من النحل، النحل الطنان،
of the drones' laziness
the drones just hang around the hive
لحين موعد التزاوج،
in gathering nectar or pollen.
الرحيق أو حبوب اللقاح.
the drones' sex,
على جنس هذا النحل.
were aware of the stinging ability of bees
بقدرة النحلات على اللدغ،
could possibly be a female.
يمكنها حمل مثل هذا السلاح.
individuals are going to be the males ..."
because that would have meant
of the young in a colony,
that would be completely impossible.
bees had the organs of both sexes
some animals do that,
لأنه موجود في بعض الحيوانات،
did get it figured out.
my students, for instance,
including insects, a male.
حتى الحشرات، ذكورًا
that the ferocious army-ant soldiers
used to defend the colony,
للدفاع عن المستعمرة
Antz, Bee Movie --
و"Bee Movie"
in the social insects as being male.
الحشرات الاجتماعية على أنها ذكر.
if they talk like Jerry Seinfeld?
تتكلم مثل "جيري سينفيلد"؟
is part of a much deeper one
من مشكلة أخرى أعمق
for medicine and health
use what we call model systems,
ما يدعى "أنظمة نموذجية"،
white rats or fruit flies --
البيضاء أو ذباب الفاكهة،
for all other animals, including people.
بما فيهم البشر.
that what's true for a person
that turns out to be the case.
يكون الوضع كذلك بالفعل
of a model system too far.
النظام النموذجي إلى أبعد من ذلك.
as though they are the model system.
وكأنهم النظام النموذجي.
after you get the basics down.
بعد دراسة الصورة الأصلية.
what was in front of them.
الحقيقة الواقعة أمامهم.
stage was largely occupied by male players
يحكمه أغلبية من الذكور
minor, walk-on roles.
تقوم بأدوار صغيرة.
on a lot of what nature is like.
فإننا سنغفل كثير من جوانب الطبيعة.
natural, living things, including people,
للكائنات الحية في الطبيعة، بما فيها البشر،
as models in a lot of medical research,
كنماذج في كثير من الأبحاث الطبية،
to both men and women.
على الرجال والنساء.
I really love about insects
find unnerving about them.
the way we normally think of it.
وفقًا لتفكيرنا.
but they lack complicated brains.
ولكن عقولها ليست معقدة.
as though they're little people
بالصغار من البشر
the way that we do.
to anthropomorphize insects,
الحشرات في صورة بشر،
like they're little people
on their own terms,
what's normal and what's natural.
بين ما هو عادي وما هو جزء من الطبيعة.
and talk about parallel universes.
ويتكلمون عن وجود أكوان موازية.
walking among us.
why they want to dabble in the paranormal.
تفسير هذه الأمور الخارقة.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marlene Zuk - Evolutionary biologistMarlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves.
Why you should listen
Marlene Zuk is a biologist and writer who researches animal behavior and evolution, mostly using insects as subjects. Zuk is interested in the ways that people use animal behavior to think about human behavior, and vice versa, as well as in the public's understanding of evolution. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior at the University of Minnesota -- including a seminar called “What’s the Alternative to Alternative Medicine?”
In addition to publishing numerous scientific articles, Zuk has published four books for a general audience: Sexual Selections: What We Can and Can’t Learn About Sex from Animals; Riddled with Life: Friendly Worms, Ladybug Sex, and the Parasites That Make Us Who We Are; Sex on Six Legs: Lessons on Life, Love and Language from the Insect World; and most recently, Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us About Sex, Diet and the Way We Live.
Marlene Zuk | Speaker | TED.com