Marlene Zuk: What we learn from insects' sex lives
Marlene Zuk: Vad vi kan lära oss av insekternas vågade sexliv
Marlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves. Full bio
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än vad de är för att dö.
than they are of dying.
"Book of Lists" survey
i "Book of Lists" från 1973,
roligaste online-listorna som vi ser idag.
worst, funniest lists that you see today.
slår de sexbenta enligt listan.
as sources of fear.
spiders in there,
att om man lagt till spindlar,
insekter och spindlar
would have just topped the chart.
of the greatest minds in science,
av de skarpaste hjärnorna inom vetenskapen
några av de minsta hjärnorna på jorden.
some of the smallest minds on Earth.
att vi är så dragna till insekter?
coming back to insects?
magnitude of almost everything about them.
i nästan allt som har med dem att göra.
than any other kind of animal.
of insects there are,
insektsarter som finns;
are being discovered all the time.
kanske så många som 10 miljoner.
maybe as many as 10 million.
an insect-of-the-month calendar
en "månadens insekt"-kalender
på över 80 000 år.
for over 80,000 years.
that 1 out of every 3 bites of food
att var tredje munsbit vi äter
för att kunna göra fundamentala upptäckter
discoveries
of our nervous systems
till hur våra gener och vårt DNA fungerar.
vårt eget beteende.
about our own behavior.
everything that people do.
allt som vi människor gör.
they fight, they break up.
de bråkar, de gör slut.
like love or animosity.
som ser ut som kärlek eller fientlighet.
different than what drives our own,
är något helt annat än det som styr vårt,
can be really illuminating.
en riktig aha-upplevelse.
of our most consuming interests -- sex.
and I think I can defend,
och jag tror mig kunna försvara,
interesting than sex in people.
är mer intressant än människans.
some of our own assumptions
några av våra egna antaganden
att vara man och kvinna.
för att kunna fortplanta sig.
to have sex at all to reproduce.
kan klona sig utan att para sig.
of themselves without ever mating.
interesting than human sperm.
mer intressant är mänsklig sperma.
than the male's own body.
use their sperm to compete.
som konkurrensmedel.
like the horns on these beetles.
som hornen hos dessa skalbaggar.
after mating with their sperm.
att de parat sig, med sin sperma.
that look kind of like Swiss Army knives
har penisar som liknar schweizerknivar
fantastiska redskap som skopor,
like scoops,
som honan parat sig med.
that the female has mated with.
of us imitating them
an example for us to follow.
för oss att ta efter.
är det nog bäst att vi inte gör det.
is probably just as well.
is rampant among insects?
grasserar bland insekter?
that we humans have about the sex roles.
som vi människor skapat kring könsroller.
dictates kind of a 1950s sitcom version
som i TV-serierna från 50-talet.
supposed to be dominant and aggressive,
vara dominanta och aggressiva,
and grasshoppers.
till syrsor och gräshoppor.
about who they mate with,
med vem de parar sig,
under parningen,
sperm during mating,
something called a nuptial gift.
mating in these photos.
the male's the one on the right,
är det hanen som är till höger,
is the female's egg-laying organ.
är det kvinnliga äggläggningsorganet.
this from his own body
en tredjedel av hans vikt.
of his body mass.
and let you think about
varje gång de hade sex,
every time they had sex,
that weighed 50, 60, 70 pounds.
som vägde 20-30 kilo.
to do that very often.
göra det särskilt ofta.
vem de erbjuder bröllopsgåvan till.
these nuptial gifts to.
during and after mating.
under och efter parningen.
the better off the male is,
och befrukta äggen.
and fertilize her eggs.
are very passive about mating,
är väldigt passiva när det gäller parning,
are extremely aggressive and competitive,
och tävlingsinriktade,
nutritious nuptial gifts as they can.
så många bröllopsgåvor som möjligt.
följer inte de stereotypiska rollerna.
a stereotypical set of rules.
in the lives of a lot of insects.
faktiskt inte speciellt viktiga.
the bees and wasps and ants --
to your sugar bowl,
from flower to flower --
their head around that idea for millennia.
att acceptera detta i tusentals år.
att det fanns en typ av bin, drönarna,
a class of bees, the drones,
of the drones' laziness
the drones just hang around the hive
tills det var dags att svärma -
in gathering nectar or pollen.
the drones' sex,
att de visste att bin kunde stickas,
were aware of the stinging ability of bees
kunde vara kvinnligt.
could possibly be a female.
individuals are going to be the males ..."
because that would have meant
avkomman i kolonin,
of the young in a colony,
att det var helt uteslutet.
that would be completely impossible.
bees had the organs of both sexes
hade båda sorters könsorgan
en del djur har det.
some animals do that,
did get it figured out.
my students, for instance,
including insects, a male.
inklusive insekter,
that the ferocious army-ant soldiers
hos armémyrorna,
som används för att försvara kolonin,
used to defend the colony,
Antz, Bee Movie --
in the social insects as being male.
hos de sociala insekterna.
om de talar som Jerry Seinfeld?
if they talk like Jerry Seinfeld?
av ett mycket större problem,
is part of a much deeper one
for medicine and health
use what we call model systems,
så kallade modellsystem,
white rats or fruit flies --
for all other animals, including people.
för alla andra djur, inklusive människan.
that what's true for a person
även gäller för den vita råttan.
that turns out to be the case.
of a model system too far.
med modellsystem för långt.
är att använda hanar,
as though they are the model system.
som om de är modellsystemet.
after you get the basics down.
efter det att man fastlagt grunderna.
att folk inte kunde se
what was in front of them.
stage was largely occupied by male players
mest befolkades av manliga skådespelare
minor, walk-on roles.
on a lot of what nature is like.
mycket av hur naturen är.
natural, living things, including people,
hur levande ting, inklusive människor,
as models in a lot of medical research,
som mallen i mycket medicinsk forskning,
för både män och kvinnor.
to both men and women.
I really love about insects
find unnerving about them.
så som vi definierar det.
the way we normally think of it.
but they lack complicated brains.
men de har inte komplicerade hjärnor.
as though they're little people
som mindre värda
på samma sätt som vi.
the way that we do.
to anthropomorphize insects,
att förmänskliga insekter,
like they're little people
acceptera dem för vad de är,
on their own terms,
what's normal and what's natural.
vad som är normalt och naturligt.
and talk about parallel universes.
och talar om parallella universum.
walking among us.
finns mitt ibland oss.
why they want to dabble in the paranormal.
i paranormala vatten.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marlene Zuk - Evolutionary biologistMarlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves.
Why you should listen
Marlene Zuk is a biologist and writer who researches animal behavior and evolution, mostly using insects as subjects. Zuk is interested in the ways that people use animal behavior to think about human behavior, and vice versa, as well as in the public's understanding of evolution. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior at the University of Minnesota -- including a seminar called “What’s the Alternative to Alternative Medicine?”
In addition to publishing numerous scientific articles, Zuk has published four books for a general audience: Sexual Selections: What We Can and Can’t Learn About Sex from Animals; Riddled with Life: Friendly Worms, Ladybug Sex, and the Parasites That Make Us Who We Are; Sex on Six Legs: Lessons on Life, Love and Language from the Insect World; and most recently, Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us About Sex, Diet and the Way We Live.
Marlene Zuk | Speaker | TED.com