Marlene Zuk: What we learn from insects' sex lives
Marlene Zuk: O que podemos aprender com a vida sexual excêntrica dos inseto
Marlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves. Full bio
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than they are of dying.
do que da morte.
"O Livro das Listas" de 1973
"Book of Lists" survey
worst, funniest lists that you see today.
e mais engraçadas listas
as sources of fear.
como origens do medo.
incluídas na lista,
spiders in there,
would have just topped the chart.
estariam no topo da lista.
e interessantes,
of the greatest minds in science,
maiores mentes da Ciência,
some of the smallest minds on Earth.
de algumas das menores mentes da Terra.
coming back to insects?
magnitude of almost everything about them.
de quase tudo sobre eles.
than any other kind of animal.
qualquer outro tipo de animal.
of insects there are,
de insetos existem,
are being discovered all the time.
são descobertas novas espécies.
maybe as many as 10 million.
talvez muito mais de 10 milhões.
an insect-of-the-month calendar
um calendário de inseto do mês
for over 80,000 years.
por mais de 80 mil anos.
that 1 out of every 3 bites of food
é produzido graças a um polinizador.
discoveries
descobertas fundamentais sobre udo,
of our nervous systems
e o DNA funcionam.
about our own behavior.
sobre nosso comportamento.
everything that people do.
tudo o que nós fazemos.
they fight, they break up.
brigam e se separam.
like love or animosity.
amor ou animosidade.
different than what drives our own,
é realmente diferente do nosso,
can be really illuminating.
muito esclarecedora.
of our most consuming interests -- sex.
de nossos interesses: o sexo.
and I think I can defend,
e acho que posso defender,
uma afirmação surpreendente.
interesting than sex in people.
do que o sexo das pessoas.
some of our own assumptions
sobre o que significa ser macho e fêmea.
to have sex at all to reproduce.
sexo para se reproduzir.
of themselves without ever mating.
clones de si mesmas sem acasalar.
interesting than human sperm.
do que o esperma humano.
than the male's own body.
do que o seu próprio corpo.
use their sperm to compete.
usam seu espermatozoide para competir
como os chifres desses besouros.
like the horns on these beetles.
after mating with their sperm.
após o acasalamento com espermatozoide.
that look kind of like Swiss Army knives
que parecem canivetes suíços,
like scoops,
como colheres,
that the female has mated with.
que acasalaram antes com a fêmea.
a partir daí?
of us imitating them
de imitá-los
an example for us to follow.
para seguirmos.
is probably just as well.
is rampant among insects?
é feroz entre os insetos?
insetos fazem,
that we humans have about the sex roles.
temos sobre os papéis sexuais.
dictates kind of a 1950s sitcom version
que os machos e fêmeas se comportem
supposed to be dominant and aggressive,
ser dominantes e agressivos,
and grasshoppers.
e dos gafanhotos.
about who they mate with,
em relação a quem se acasala com eles,
sperm during mating,
durante o acasalamento,
something called a nuptial gift.
algo chamado de presente nupcial.
mating in these photos.
acasalando nestas fotos.
the male's the one on the right,
o macho é o da direita,
is the female's egg-laying organ.
os ovos é o da fêmea.
this from his own body
em seu próprio corpo
of his body mass.
de sua massa corporal.
and let you think about
deixar você pensar
every time they had sex,
cada vez que fizessem sexo,
that weighed 50, 60, 70 pounds.
que pesasse 23, 27, 32 quilos.
to do that very often.
de fazer isso sempre.
que os machos são muito exigentes
these nuptial gifts to.
esses presentes nupciais.
during and after mating.
e depois do acasalamento.
the better off the male is,
tem vantagem
para seu esperma
e fertilizar seus ovos.
and fertilize her eggs.
are very passive about mating,
são muito passivos no acasalamento,
are extremely aggressive and competitive,
extremamente agressivas e competitivas,
nutritious nuptial gifts as they can.
de presentes nupciais que puderem.
a stereotypical set of rules.
um conjunto de regras estereotipadas.
in the lives of a lot of insects.
na vida de muitos insetos.
the bees and wasps and ants --
vespas e formigas,
to your sugar bowl,
do seu pote de açúcar,
from flower to flower --
their head around that idea for millennia.
em aceitar essa ideia por milênios.
a class of bees, the drones,
uma classe de abelhas, os zangões,
of the drones' laziness
a preguiça dos zangões
the drones just hang around the hive
apenas voavam em torno da colmeia
de acasalar,
in gathering nectar or pollen.
de pólen ou néctar.
qual era o sexo deles.
the drones' sex,
a capacidade de picar das abelhas
were aware of the stinging ability of bees
poderiam ser fêmeas.
could possibly be a female.
individuals are going to be the males ..."
das criaturas for dos machos ... "
because that would have meant
porque isso poderia significar
of the young in a colony,
dos jovens da colônia
that would be completely impossible.
totalmente impossível.
bees had the organs of both sexes
criaturas com ambos os sexos,
some animals do that,
pois alguns animais são assim,
did get it figured out.
my students, for instance,
todos os animais que veem,
including insects, a male.
that the ferocious army-ant soldiers
soldados desse exército feroz
used to defend the colony,
usadas para defender a colônia,
Antz, Bee Movie --
FormiguinhaZ, A História de uma Abelha,
in the social insects as being male.
sendo do sexo masculino.
if they talk like Jerry Seinfeld?
igual ao Jerry Seinfeld?
is part of a much deeper one
faz parte de um muito maior
for medicine and health
saúde e da medicina
de nossas vidas
use what we call model systems,
que chamamos de sistemas-modelo
white rats or fruit flies --
moscas de fruta,
for all other animals, including people.
todos os outros animais e as pessoas.
that what's true for a person
para uma pessoa
that turns out to be the case.
sendo o caso.
of a model system too far.
a ideia de um sistema-modelo..
como se ele fosse o sistema-modelo.
as though they are the model system.
um tipo de variante,
after you get the basics down.
depois de aprender o básico,
what was in front of them.
o que estava em nossa cara
stage was largely occupied by male players
em grande parte ocupado por machos
minor, walk-on roles.
de coadjuvantes.
on a lot of what nature is like.
perdermos muito do que a natureza é.
natural, living things, including people,
natural, os seres vivos, e as pessoas,
as models in a lot of medical research,
modelos em várias pesquisas médicas,
um problema
to both men and women.
aplicáveis aos homens e às mulheres.
I really love about insects
amo nos insetos
find unnerving about them.
decepcionante neles.
the way we normally think of it.
é assim que geralmente os vemos.
but they lack complicated brains.
mas sem cérebros complicados.
as though they're little people
fossem pessoas pequenas
the way that we do.
do modo como fazemos.
to anthropomorphize insects,
antropomorfizar os insetos,
like they're little people
como se fossem pessoas pequenas
on their own terms,
que aceitá-los como eles são,
what's normal and what's natural.
o que é normal e o que é natural.
and talk about parallel universes.
e falam sobre universos paralelos.
walking among us.
andando entre nós.
why they want to dabble in the paranormal.
a ter experiências com o paranormal.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marlene Zuk - Evolutionary biologistMarlene Zuk studies insect behavior -- and how humans use animal behavior to think about how we behave ourselves.
Why you should listen
Marlene Zuk is a biologist and writer who researches animal behavior and evolution, mostly using insects as subjects. Zuk is interested in the ways that people use animal behavior to think about human behavior, and vice versa, as well as in the public's understanding of evolution. She teaches graduate and undergraduate courses in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior at the University of Minnesota -- including a seminar called “What’s the Alternative to Alternative Medicine?”
In addition to publishing numerous scientific articles, Zuk has published four books for a general audience: Sexual Selections: What We Can and Can’t Learn About Sex from Animals; Riddled with Life: Friendly Worms, Ladybug Sex, and the Parasites That Make Us Who We Are; Sex on Six Legs: Lessons on Life, Love and Language from the Insect World; and most recently, Paleofantasy: What Evolution Really Tells Us About Sex, Diet and the Way We Live.
Marlene Zuk | Speaker | TED.com