TEDxPSU
Sam Richards: A radical experiment in empathy
Sam Richards: Un experiment radical en l'empatia.
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El sociòleg Sam Richards proposa un repte extraordinari portant pas a pas a la seva audiència dels Estats Units a TEDxPSU, per un procés mental. Podran entendre - no aprovar però com a minim entendre - els motius d'un insurgent iraqui? I de fet, pot algú realment entendre i sentir empatia per algú altre?
Sam Richards - Sociologist
Sam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology. Full bio
Sam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
My students often ask me,
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Sovint els meus alumnes em demanen,
00:18
"What is sociology?"
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"Què és la sociologia?"
00:20
And I tell them, "It's the study
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I jo els dic, "És l'estudi
00:22
of the way in which human beings
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de la manera com les persones
00:24
are shaped by things that they don't see."
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es formen idees sobre coses que no es veuen".
00:27
And they say, "So how can I be a sociologist?
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I ells diuen, "Llavors, com puc convertir-me en sociòleg?
00:31
How can I understand those invisible forces?"
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Com puc entendre aquestes forçes invisibles?
00:33
And I say, "Empathy.
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I jo responc, "Empatia.
00:35
Start with empathy.
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Comença per l'empatia.
00:37
It all begins with empathy.
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Tot comença amb l'empatia.
00:40
Take yourself out of your shoes,
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Posar-se en la pell d'un altre,
00:42
put yourself into the shoes of another person."
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posa't en la pell d'una altra persona."
00:44
Here, I'll give you an example.
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Doncs, us posaré un exemple.
00:47
So I imagine my life:
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Imagino la meva vida,
00:49
if a hundred years ago
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com si fos cent anys enrere
00:51
China had been the most powerful nation in the world
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Xina era el país més poderós del món
00:53
and they came to the United States
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i vingueren als Estats Units
00:55
in search of coal,
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buscant carbó,
00:57
and they found it, and, in fact, they found lots of it right here.
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i el varen trobar, i de fet, en trobàren grans quantitats aquí mateix.
01:00
And pretty soon, they began shipping that coal,
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I ràpidament començaren a transportar aquest carbó,
01:03
ton by ton,
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tona per tona
01:05
rail car by rail car, boatload by boatload,
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omplint vagó rere vagó, vaixell rere vaixell,
01:08
back to China and elsewhere around the world.
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de tornada a la Xina i a altres bandes del món.
01:12
And they got fabulously wealthy in doing so.
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I així es varen fer fabulosament rics.
01:15
And they built beautiful cities
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I varen construir belles ciutats
01:17
all powered on that coal.
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tot impulsat per aquest carbó.
01:22
And back here in the United States,
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I per aquí en els Estats Units,
01:25
we saw economic despair, deprivation.
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veiérem la desesperació econòmica, la privació.
01:27
This is what I saw.
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Això és el que jo vaig veure.
01:29
I saw people struggling to get by,
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Vaig veure gent lluitant per sobreviure,
01:32
not knowing what was what and what was next.
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sense saber què passaria en el futur.
01:35
And then I asked myself the question.
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I aleshores em vaig demanar.
01:37
I say, "How's it possible that we could be so poor here in the United States,
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Em dic, "Com és possible que poguem ser tan pobres aquí en els Estats Units,
01:40
because the coal is such a wealthy resource,
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si el carbó és un recurs tan ric,
01:42
it's so much money?"
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que dona tants doblers?"
01:44
And I realized,
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I em vaig adonar,
01:46
because the Chinese ingratiated themselves
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que els xinesos s'havien integrat
01:49
with a small ruling class here in the United States
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amb una petita classe d'elit aquí als Estats Units
01:52
who stole all of that money and all of that wealth for themselves.
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que varen robar tots aquests diners i riquesa per a ells mateixos.
01:56
And the rest of us, the vast majority of us,
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Mentre la resta de nosaltres, la inmensa majoria de nosaltres,
01:58
struggle to get by.
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lluitem per sobreviure.
02:00
And the Chinese gave this small ruling elite
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I els xinesos donaren a aquesta petita elit dirigent
02:03
loads of military weapons and sophisticated technology
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un munt d'armes militars i tecnologia sosfisticada
02:06
in order to ensure that people like me
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per assegurar-se que la gent com jo
02:09
would not speak out against this relationship.
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no parlarien en contra d'aquesta relació.
02:13
Does this sound familiar?
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Us sona familiar?
02:16
And they did things like train Americans
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I varen fer coses com entrenar els americans
02:18
to help protect the coal.
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per ajudar a protegir aquest carbó.
02:20
And everywhere, were symbols of the Chinese --
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I per tot arreu hi havia símbols dels xinesos,
02:23
everywhere, a constant reminder.
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per tot arreu, un recordatori constant.
02:26
And back in China,
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I allá per la Xina,
02:28
what do they say in China?
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què diuen a la Xina?
02:30
Nothing. They don't talk about us. They don't talk about the coal.
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Res. No parlen de nosaltres. No demanen sobre el carbó.
02:33
If you ask them,
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Si els demaneu,
02:35
they'll say, "Well, you know the coal, we need the coal.
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us diran, "Bé, això del carbó, ens fa falta.
02:37
I mean, come on, I'm not going to turn down my thermostat.
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Vull dir, vinga, no baixaré el meu termostat.
02:40
You can't expect that."
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No es pot esperar això!"
02:43
And so I get angry, and I get pissed,
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Aleshores m'enfado, i m'emprenyo,
02:46
as do lots of average people.
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igual que molta gent normal.
02:48
And we fight back, and it gets really ugly.
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I ens defensem, i la cosa es posa molt lletja.
02:51
And the Chinese respond in a very ugly way.
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I els xinesos responen d'una manera molt lletja.
02:55
And before we know it, they send in the tanks
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I abans d'adonar-nos, ells envien els tancs
02:58
and then send in the troops,
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i llavors les tropes,
03:00
and lots of people are dying,
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i molta gent mor.
03:02
and it's a very, very difficult situation.
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i es converteix en una situació molt difícil.
03:07
Can you imagine what you would feel
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Podeu imaginar-vos com us sentiríeu
03:10
if you were in my shoes?
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si estiguéssiu en la seva pell?
03:12
Can you imagine walking out of this building
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Us podeu imaginar sortir d'aquest edifici
03:15
and seeing a tank sitting out there
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i trobar-vos un tanc aparcat afora
03:17
or a truck full of soldiers?
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o un camió plè de soldats?
03:20
And just imagine what you would feel.
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Imagineu com us sentiríeu.
03:22
Because you know why they're here, and you know what they're doing here.
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Perque sabeu per què són aquí, i sabeu què hi fan aquí.
03:25
And you just feel the anger and you feel the fear.
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I sentiu rabia i sentiu por.
03:29
If you can, that's empathy -- that's empathy.
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Si podeu, això és l'empatia, l'empatia.
03:32
You've left your shoes, and you've stood in mine.
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Us heu posat en la meva pell.
03:35
And you've got to feel that.
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I cal que ho sentiu.
03:37
Okay, so that's the warm up.
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D'acord, doncs això és el preescalfament.
03:39
That's the warm up.
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És el preescalfament.
03:41
Now we're going to have
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Ara farem
03:43
the real radical experiment.
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l'experiment radical de debó.
03:45
And so for the remainder of my talk, what I want you to do
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Per tant durant la resta de la meva xerrada, el que vull que feu
03:48
is put yourselves in the shoes
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és posar-vos en la pell
03:50
of an ordinary Arab Muslim
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d'un musulmà normal
03:53
living in the Middle East --
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que viu a l'Orient Mitjà
03:55
in particular, in Iraq.
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en concret, a l'Iraq.
03:59
And so to help you,
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i per ajudar-vos,
04:01
perhaps you're a member of this middle class family in Baghdad --
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potser sou membres d'aquesta família de classe mitjana a Bagdad
04:05
and what you want is the best for your kids.
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i l'únic que voleu és el millor pels vostres infants.
04:08
You want your kids to have a better life.
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Voleu que els vostres nins tinguin una vida millor.
04:10
And you watch the news, you pay attention,
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i mireu les noticies, us fixeu,
04:12
you read the newspaper, you go down to the coffee shop with your friends,
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llegiu els diaris, baixeu a prendre un cafè amb els vostres amics,
04:15
and you read the newspapers from around the world.
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i llegiu els diaris de tot el món.
04:17
And sometimes you even watch satellite,
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I a vegades inclús mireu la televisió per satèl.lit.
04:19
CNN, from the United States.
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La CNN dels Estats Units.
04:21
So you have a sense of what the Americans are thinking.
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Per tant teniu una idea sobre el que pensen els americans.
04:23
But really, you just want a better life for yourself.
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Però en realitat l'únic que voleu és una vida millor.
04:26
That's what you want.
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Això és el que voleu.
04:28
You're Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
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Sou musulmans àrabs vivint a Iraq.
04:30
You want a better life for yourself.
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Voleu una vida millor.
04:32
So here, let me help you.
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Doncs, deixeu que us ajudi
04:34
Let me help you with some things
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Deixeu que us ajudi amb un parell de coses
04:36
that you might be thinking.
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que potser esteu pensant.
04:38
Number one: this incursion into your land
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Número 1: aquesta incursió a la vosta terra
04:41
these past 20 years, and before,
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aquests darrers 20 anys, i abans,
04:43
the reason anyone is interested in your land, and particularly the United States,
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la raò que a algú li interessi la vostra terra, i en particular els Estats Units,
04:46
it's oil.
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és el petroli.
04:48
It's all about oil; you know that, everybody knows that.
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Tos es tracta de petroli; vosaltres ho sabeu, tothom ho sap.
04:51
People here back in the United States know it's about oil.
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La gent aquí als Estats Units sap que es tracta del petroli.
04:54
It's because somebody else
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És perque qualcu altre
04:56
has a design for your resource.
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té un pla per al vostre recurs.
04:59
It's your resource; it's not somebody else's.
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És el vostre recurs, no de ningú més.
05:02
It's your land; it's your resource.
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És la vostra terra, és el vostre recurs.
05:05
Somebody else has a design for it.
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Algú té un pla per la seva utilització.
05:07
And you know why they have a design?
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I sabeu per què tenen un pla?
05:09
You know why they have their eyes set on it?
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Sabeu per què s'hi han fixat?
05:11
Because they have an entire economic system
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Perque ells tenen un sistema econòmic sencer
05:13
that's dependent on that oil --
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que depèn d'aquest petroli,
05:15
foreign oil,
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petroli estranger,
05:17
oil from other parts of the world that they don't own.
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petroli d'altres bandes del món, llocs que no són seus.
05:20
And what else do you think about these people?
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I què més en penseu d'aquesta gent?
05:22
The Americans, they're rich.
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Els americans, ells són rics.
05:24
Come on, they live in big houses, they have big cars,
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Viuen en cases molt grans, tenen cotxos grossos,
05:26
they all have blond hair, blue eyes, they're happy.
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tots tenen pèl ros, ulls blaus, són feliços.
05:28
You think that. It's not true, of course,
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Penseu això. No és la veritat és clar,
05:30
but that's the media impression, and that's like what you get.
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però és la impressió que donen els mitjàns, i és el que rebs.
05:33
And they have big cities,
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I tenen grans ciutats,
05:35
and the cities are all dependent on oil.
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i les ciutats totes depenen del petroli.
05:39
And back home, what do you see?
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I a ca nostra, què veiem?
05:41
Poverty, despair, struggle.
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Pobresa, desesperació, lluita.
05:43
Look, you don't live in a wealthy country.
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Escolteu, no viviu en un país ric.
05:46
This is Iraq.
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Això es Iraq.
05:50
This is what you see.
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Això és el que veieu.
05:52
You see people struggling to get by.
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Veieu la gent lluitant per a tirar endavant.
05:54
I mean, it's not easy; you see a lot of poverty.
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Vull dir, no és fàcil; veieu molta pobresa.
05:56
And you feel something about this.
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I sentiu qualque cosa al respecte.
05:58
These people have designs for your resource,
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Aquesta gent té plans per el vostre recurs,
06:00
and this is what you see?
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i això és el que veieu?
06:02
Something else you see that you talk about --
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Un altre cosa que veieu i en parleu;
06:04
Americans don't talk about this, but you do.
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els american no en parlen d'això, però vosaltres si.
06:06
There's this thing, this militarization of the world,
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Hi ha una cosa, la militarització del món,
06:09
and it's centered right in the United States.
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i està centrada just als Estats Units.
06:11
And the United States
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I els Estats Units,
06:13
is responsible for almost one half
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és responsable de més de la meitat
06:16
of the world's military spending --
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de les despeses militars del món,
06:18
four percent of the world's population.
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un 4% de la població del món.
06:20
And you feel it; you see it every day.
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I vosaltres ho sentiu, ho veieu cada dia.
06:23
It's part of your life.
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Forma part de la vostra vida.
06:25
And you talk about it with your friends.
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I en parleu amb els vostres amics.
06:27
You read about it.
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Llegiu sobre aixó.
06:30
And back when Saddam Hussein was in power,
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I fa temps, quan Saddam Hussein tenia el poder,
06:33
the Americans didn't care about his crimes.
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als americans no els importava gaire els seus crims.
06:36
When he was gassing the Kurds and gassing Iran,
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Quan llençava gas als Kurds i als Iranis
06:38
they didn't care about it.
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no els importava gens.
06:40
When oil was at stake,
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Però quan es tractava del petroli,
06:42
somehow, suddenly, things mattered.
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de qualque forma, de cop i volta es varen interessar.
06:47
And what you see, something else,
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I el que es veu és un altre cosa;
06:49
the United States,
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que els Estats Units
06:51
the hub of democracy around the world,
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centre de la democràcia del món,
06:53
they don't seem to really be
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no pareixen estar realment
06:55
supporting democratic countries all around the world.
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donant suport als països democràtics de tot el món.
06:59
There are a lot of countries, oil-producing countries,
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Hi ha un munt de països, països productors de petroli
07:02
that aren't very democratic, but supported by the United States.
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que no són massa democràtics però que tenen el suport dels Estats Units
07:05
That's odd.
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És estrany.
07:07
Oh, these incursions, these two wars,
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Ah, aquestes incursions, aquestes dues guerres,
07:10
the 10 years of sanctions,
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els 10 anys de sancions,
07:12
the eight years of occupation,
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els 8 anys d'ocupació,
07:16
the insurgency that's been unleashed on your people,
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la insurgència que s'ha desencadenat
07:19
the tens of thousands, the hundreds of thousands
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els centenars de milers
07:22
of civilian deaths,
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de morts civils,
07:27
all because of oil.
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tot pel petroli.
07:30
You can't help but think that.
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No podeu evitar pensar això.
07:32
You talk about it.
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En parleu.
07:34
It's in the forefront of your mind always.
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Està sempre en els vostres pensaments.
07:37
You say, "How is that possible?"
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I us dieu, "Com és possible?"
07:40
And this man, he's every man --
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I aquest senyor, és un senyor quasevol,
07:43
your grandfather, your uncle,
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el vostre avi, el vostre oncle,
07:45
your father, your son,
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el vostre pare, el vostre fill,
07:47
your neighbor, your professor, your student.
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el vostre veï, el vostre mestre, el vostre alumne.
07:50
Once a life of happiness and joy
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Tot d'una una vida d'alegria i felicitat,
07:53
and suddenly, pain and sorrow.
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es converteix en una de dolor i tristesa.
07:56
Everyone in your country
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Tothom en el vostre país
07:59
has been touched by the violence,
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ha estat tocat per la violència,
08:02
the bloodshed, the pain,
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el vessament de sang, el dolor,
08:04
the horror, everybody.
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l'horror, tothom.
08:06
Not a single person in your country
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No queda ningú en el vostre país
08:09
has not been touched.
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sense tocar.
08:11
But there's something else.
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Però encara hi ha un altre cosa.
08:13
There's something else about these people,
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Hi ha un altre cosa respecte aquesta gent,
08:15
these Americans who are there.
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aquests americans que són allà.
08:17
There's something else about them that you see -- they don't see themselves.
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Hi ha un altre cosa d'ells que vosaltres podeu veure, però ells no.
08:20
And what do you see? They're Christians.
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I què és? Ells són cristians.
08:23
They're Christians.
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Són cristians.
08:25
They worship the Christian God, they have crosses, they carry Bibles.
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Ells adoren al déu dels cristians, tenen creus, porten la Bíblia.
08:28
Their Bibles have a little insignia
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Les seves Bíblies duen una petita insígnia
08:30
that says "U.S. Army" on them.
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que diu "Exèrcit dels EEUU".
08:34
And their leaders, their leaders:
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I els seus líders, els seus líders:
08:37
before they send their sons and daughters
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abans d'enviar els seus fills i filles
08:39
off to war in your country --
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a la guerra al vostre país,
08:41
and you know the reason --
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i en sabeu la raó,
08:43
before they send them off,
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abans d'enviar-los,
08:45
they go to a Christian church, and they pray to their Christian God,
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van a una església cristiana, i resen al seu déu cristià,
08:47
and they ask for protection and guidance from that god.
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demanant protecció i orientació d'aquell déu.
08:50
Why?
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Per què?
08:52
Well, obviously, when people die in the war,
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Doncs, obviament, quan la gent mor en la guerra,
08:56
they are Muslims, they are Iraqis --
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són musulmans, són iraquians --
08:58
they're not Americans.
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no són americans.
09:00
You don't want Americans to die. Protect our troops.
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I vosaltres no voleu que morin americans. Protegir les nostres tropes.
09:03
And you feel something about that --
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I vosaltres sentiu qualque cosa al respecte,
09:05
of course you do.
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és clar que sí.
09:07
And they do wonderful things.
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I fan coses meravelloses.
09:09
You read about it, you hear about it.
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LLegiu sobre això, escolteu coses sobre això.
09:11
They're there to build schools and help people, and that's what they want to do.
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Ells estan allà per construir escoles i ajudar la gent, i és això el que volen fer.
09:13
They do wonderful things, but they also do the bad things,
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I fan coses meravelloses, però també fan coses dolentes,
09:15
and you can't tell the difference.
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i vosaltres no sabeu la diferència.
09:17
And this guy, you get a guy like Lt. Gen. William Boykin.
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Hi ha un home, un tal tinent William Boykin.
09:21
I mean, here's a guy who says that your God is a false God.
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Vull dir, aquí hi ha un tipus que diu que el vostre déu és un déu fals.
09:24
Your God's an idol; his God is the true God.
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El vostre déu només és un ídol, el seu déu és el déu de veres.
09:26
The solution to the problem in the Middle East, according to him,
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La solució al problema a l'Orient Mitjà, segons ell,
09:29
is to convert you all to Christianity --
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és que us convertiu tots al cristianisme,
09:31
just get rid of your religion.
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simplement desfer-se de la vostra religió.
09:33
And you know that. Americans don't read about this guy.
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I ho sabeu. Els americans no llegeixen sobre aquest home.
09:35
They don't know anything about him, but you do.
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No saben res d'ell, però vosaltres sí.
09:38
You pass it around. You pass his words around.
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Ho difoneu. Vosaltres difoneu les seves paraules.
09:40
I mean this is serious. You're afraid.
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Vull dir que és greu.
09:43
He was one of the leading commanders in the second invasion of Iraq.
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Va esser un dels comandants líders durant la segona invasió de l'Iraq.
09:46
And you're thinking, "God, if this guy is saying that,
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I vosaltres penseu "Jolín, si aquest tipus diu això,
09:49
then all the soldiers must be saying that."
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doncs segur que tots els soldats ho diuen."
09:51
And this word here,
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I aquesta paraula,
09:53
George Bush called this war a crusade.
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George Bush va anomenar aquesta guerra una creuada.
09:55
Man, the Americans, they're just like, "Ah, crusade.
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I els americans, diuen, "És clar, una creuada,
09:57
Whatever. I don't know."
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Que importa? No ho sé."
09:59
You know what it means.
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Però vosaltres sabeu el que significa això.
10:01
It's a holy war against Muslims.
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És una guerra santa contra els musulmans.
10:03
Look, invade, subdue them, take their resources.
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Mirar, envair, subjugar-los, agafar els seus recursos.
10:06
If they won't submit, kill them.
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I si no es sotmeten, matar-los.
10:08
That's what this is about.
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És això del que es tracte
10:10
And you're thinking, "My God, these Christians are coming to kill us."
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I vosaltres penseu, "Deu meu, aquests cristiàns ens venen a matar".
10:13
This is frightening.
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Fa por.
10:15
You feel frightened. Of course you feel frightened.
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Vosaltres teniu por. És clar que teniu por.
10:18
And this man, Terry Jones:
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I aquest senyor, en Terry Jones:
10:21
I mean here's a guy who wants to burn Korans, right?
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Vull dir, aqui hi ha un home que vol cremar Korans.
10:23
And the Americans: "Ah, he's a knucklehead.
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I els americans: "No passa res, és un pobre ignorant."
10:25
He's a former hotel manager;
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Abans va esser manager d'un hotel;
10:27
he's got three-dozen members of his church."
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té només 3 dotzenes de membres en la seva esglesia."
10:29
They laugh him off. You don't laugh him off.
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I ells es reien d'ell però vosaltres nos vos rieu d'ell.
10:31
Because in the context of everything else,
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Perque dins del contexte de tot l'altre,
10:33
all the pieces fit.
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totes les peses encaixen.
10:35
I mean, of course, this is how Americans take it,
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Vull dir, és clar, és la manera com el veuen els americans,
10:37
so people all over the Middle East, not just in your country,
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axi doncs la gent de tot l'Orient Mitjà, no únicament del vostre país,
10:39
are protesting.
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protesta.
10:41
"He wants to burn Korans, our holy book.
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"Aquest tipus vol cremar Korans, el nostre llibre sagrat.
10:43
These Christians, who are these Christians?
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Aquests cristians, qui són aquests cristians?
10:45
They're so evil, they're so mean --
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Són tan dolents, tan cruels,
10:47
this is what they're about."
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es això del que van."
10:49
This is what you're thinking as an Arab Muslim,
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I vosaltres com a àrabs musulmans,
10:51
as an Iraqi.
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com a iraquians.
10:53
Of course you're going to think this.
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És normal que penseu així.
10:55
And then your cousin
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Y llavors el vostre cosí diu,
10:57
says, "Hey cuz, check out this website.
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"Eh, mireu aquesta pàgina web.
10:59
You've got to see this -- Bible Boot Camp.
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Heu de veure aquest campament de Bíblies.
11:01
These Christians are nuts.
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Aquests cristians están boijos.
11:03
They're training their little kids to be soldiers for Jesus.
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Entrenen els seus nins petits per fer-se soldats de Jesús.
11:06
And they take these little kids and they run them through these things
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I agafan aquests nins i els fan passar per això
11:08
till they teach them how to say, "Sir, yes, sir,"
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fins que sapiguen dir "Sí senyor, sí",
11:10
and things like grenade toss and weapons care and maintenance.
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i coses com llençar una granada, i fer net i mantenir una arma.
11:13
And go to the website.
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Aixi veieu la pàgina web.
11:15
It says "U.S. Army" right on it.
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Hi diu "Exèrcit dels EEUU".
11:17
I mean, these Christians, they're nuts. How would they do this to their little kids?"
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Vull dir, aquests cristians, estàn biojos. Com els hi fan això als nens petits?".
11:20
And you're reading this website.
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I vosaltres mireu la pàgina web.
11:22
And of course, Christians back in the United States, or anybody,
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I és clar, els cristians als Estats Units, o qualsevol,
11:25
says, "Ah, this is some little, tiny church in the middle of nowhere."
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diu, "Ai, es tracta només d'una església petitona a la quinta punyeta."
11:27
You don't know that.
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Vosaltres no sabeu això.
11:29
For you, this is like all Christians.
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Per vosaltres, així és com son tots els cristians.
11:32
It's all over the Web, Bible Boot Camp.
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Està per a tot arreu a internet, el campament de la bíblia.
11:34
And look at this:
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I mira això:
11:36
they even teach their kids --
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fins i tot el ensenyen als seus nins,
11:38
they train them in the same way the U.S. Marines train.
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els entrenen de la mateixa forma que als Marines nord-americans.
11:40
Isn't that interesting.
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Això és interessant.
11:42
And it scares you, and it frightens you.
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I alhora us fa por.
11:44
So these guys, you see them.
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Aquests tipus, els veieu.
11:46
You see, I, Sam Richards, I know who these guys are.
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Perquè, jo, Sam Richards, jo se quí són aquests.
11:49
They're my students, my friends.
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Són els meus alumnes, amics meus.
11:51
I know what they're thinking: "You don't know."
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Sé en què estan pensant: "Vosaltres no sabeu."
11:53
When you see them,
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Quan els veieu,
11:55
they're something else, they're something else.
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són una altra cosa, són una mica més.
11:58
That's what they are to you.
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Això és el que són per vosaltres.
12:01
We don't see it that way in the United States,
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Nosaltres no ho veiem aixó als Estats Units,
12:04
but you see it that way.
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però vosaltres ho veieu així.
12:09
So here.
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Doncs és aquí.
12:11
Of course, you got it wrong.
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on heu comès un error.
12:13
You're generalizing. It's wrong.
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Esteu generalitzant. És una equivocació.
12:16
You don't understand the Americans.
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No els enteneu als americans.
12:18
It's not a Christian invasion.
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No es tracta d'una invasió cristiana.
12:20
We're not just there for oil; we're there for lots of reasons.
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No són allà simplement per petroli, hi són per un munt de motius.
12:22
You have it wrong. You've missed it.
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Us heu equivocat. Heu badat.
12:24
And of course, most of you don't support the insurgency;
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I és clar, la majoria de vosaltres doneu suport a la insurgència;
12:27
you don't support killing Americans;
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no esteu d'acord amb la matança d'americans;
12:29
you don't support the terrorists.
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no doneu suport als terroristes.
12:31
Of course you don't. Very few people do.
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Clar que no. Poca gent hi està d'acord.
12:33
But some of you do.
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Però alguns sí.
12:36
And this is a perspective.
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I això és una perspectiva.
12:39
Okay, so now, here's what we're going to do.
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D'acord, ara farem el següent.
12:41
Step outside of your shoes
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Heu de sortir una vegada més
12:43
that you're in right now
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de la vostra pell
12:45
and step back into your normal shoes.
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i tornar dins la vostra pell normal.
12:47
So everyone's back in the room, okay.
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O sigui, tothom ha tornat a l'aula, d'acord.
12:49
Now here comes the radical experiment.
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Ara vé l'experiment radical.
12:51
So we're all back home.
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Sóm a casa nostra.
12:53
This photo: this woman,
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Aquesta foto, aquesta dona,
12:55
man, I feel her.
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home, la sento.
12:57
I feel her.
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La sento.
12:59
She's my sister,
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És la meva germana,
13:01
my wife, my cousin, my neighbor.
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la meva dona, veïna, cosina.
13:04
She's anybody to me.
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Ella és algú per a mi.
13:06
These guys standing there, everybody in the photo,
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Aquesta gent de peu, tothom de la foto.
13:08
I feel this photo, man.
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Sento aquesta foto.
13:11
So here's what I want you to do.
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Aleshores, això és el que vull que feu.
13:13
Let's go back to my first example of the Chinese.
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Torneu una altra vegada al meu primer exemple de la Xina.
13:17
So I want you to go there.
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Doncs vull que hi aneu.
13:19
So it's all about coal, and the Chinese are here in the United States.
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Per tant, és tracta de carbó, i els xinesos estan als Estats Units.
13:22
And what I want you to do is picture her as a Chinese woman
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I el que vull és que us la imagineu com a una dona xinesa
13:24
receiving a Chinese flag
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que rep una bandera xinesa
13:27
because her loved one has died in America
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perque qualcu a qui estimava ha mort a Amèrica
13:30
in the coal uprising.
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durant la revolta pel carbó.
13:32
And the soldiers are Chinese,
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I els soldats són xinesos,
13:34
and everybody else is Chinese.
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i tots els altres són xinesos.
13:36
As an American, how do you feel about this picture?
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Com a americans, com us sentiu sobre aquesta foto?
13:41
What do you think about that scene?
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Què penseu d'aquesta escena?
13:46
Okay, try this. Bring it back.
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D'acord, proveu això. Torna enrere.
13:48
This is the scene here.
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Aquesta és l'escena aquí.
13:50
It's an American, American soldiers,
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És un americà, soldats americans,
13:52
American woman who lost her loved one
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Dona americana que va perdre el seu ésser estimat
13:54
in the Middle East -- in Iraq or Afghanistan.
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a l'Orient Mitjà, a Irak o Afganistan.
13:57
Now, put yourself in the shoes,
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Ara, canvieu de pell una altra vegada,
13:59
go back to the shoes
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i us poseu en la pell
14:01
of an Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
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d'un àrab musulmà vivint a Iraq.
14:05
What are you feeling and thinking
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Què sentiu i penseu
14:08
about this photo,
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sobre aquesta foto,
14:10
about this woman?
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sobre aquesta dona?
14:20
Okay,
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D'acord.
14:22
now follow me on this,
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Seguiu-me
14:24
because I'm taking a big risk here.
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perque estic arriscant-me molt aquí.
14:26
And so I'm going to invite you to take a risk with me.
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i us convido a arriscar-vos amb mi.
14:29
These gentlemen here, they're insurgents.
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Aquests homes d'aquí, són insurgents.
14:31
They were caught by the American soldiers,
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Varen esser detinguts per els soldats americans,
14:33
trying to kill Americans.
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mentre intentaven matar americans.
14:35
And maybe they succeeded. Maybe they succeeded.
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I potser ho varen aconseguir. Potser varen tenir èxit.
14:38
Put yourself in the shoes
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Canvieu de pell posant-vos
14:40
of the Americans who caught them.
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en la dels americans que els varen agafar.
14:44
Can you feel the rage?
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Podeu sentir la rabia?
14:46
Can you feel that you just want to take these guys
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Podeu sentir que el que voleu és agafar aquests tipus
14:48
and wring their necks?
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pel coll?
14:50
Can you go there?
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Us podeu identificar?
14:52
It shouldn't be that difficult.
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No hauria de ser tan difícil.
14:54
You just -- oh, man.
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Simplement, carai
14:59
Now, put yourself in their shoes.
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Ara poseu-vos en la seva pell.
15:05
Are they brutal killers
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Són assasins brutals
15:07
or patriotic defenders?
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o defensors patriòtics?
15:10
Which one?
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Quin dels dos?
15:13
Can you feel their anger,
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Podeu sentir la seva ira,
15:16
their fear,
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la seva por,
15:18
their rage
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la seva ràbia
15:20
at what has happened in their country?
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sobre el que va passar al seu país?
15:22
Can you imagine
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Us podeu imaginar
15:24
that maybe one of them in the morning
364
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que un d'ells de bon matí
15:27
bent down to their child and hugged their child
365
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van ajupir-se per abraçar els seus fills
15:30
and said, "Dear, I'll be back later.
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i van dir "Amor, fins després.
15:34
I'm going out to defend your freedom, your lives.
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Surto a defensar la teva llibertat, la teva vida.
15:37
I'm going out to look out for us,
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Surto a valer pel nostre país,
15:41
the future of our country."
369
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pel futur del nostre país."
15:43
Can you imagine that?
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Us podeu imaginar això?
15:45
Can you imagine saying that?
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Podeu imaginar dir això?
15:48
Can you go there?
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Podeu comprendre això?
15:52
What do you think they're feeling?
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En que penseu que senten?
16:02
You see, that's empathy.
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Veieu, això és empatia.
16:04
It's also understanding.
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És també la comprensió.
16:07
Now, you might ask,
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Ara, potser us demaneu,
16:09
"Okay, Sam, so why do you do this sort of thing?
377
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D'acord, Sam, per què fas aquesta mena de coses?
16:12
Why would you use this example of all examples?"
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Per què utilitzes aquest exemple de tots els exemples?
16:14
And I say, because ... because.
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I dic, perque .... perque.
16:17
You're allowed to hate these people.
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Perque us està permès odiar aquesta gent.
16:19
You're allowed to just hate them
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Només odiar-la
16:22
with every fiber of your being.
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amb cada molècula del vostre cos.
16:24
And if I can get you
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I si puc aconseguir posar-vos
16:26
to step into their shoes
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a la seva pell
16:28
and walk an inch,
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i viure un moment,
16:30
one tiny inch,
386
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2000
un segon,
16:32
then imagine the kind of sociological analysis
387
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doncs imagineu la mena d'analisis sociològica
16:35
that you can do in all other aspects of your life.
388
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que podeu fer amb tot els altres aspectes de la vostra vida?
16:39
You can walk a mile
389
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Podeu vivir un minut en la seva pell
16:41
when it comes to understanding
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quan és tracte de comprendre
16:43
why that person's driving 40 miles per hour
391
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per què aquella persona està conduint a 40 milles per hora
16:46
in the passing lane,
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en el carril ràpid,
16:49
or your teenage son,
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o el vostre fill adolescent,
16:51
or your neighbor who annoys you
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o el veí que et molesta
16:53
by cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings.
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quan talla la gespa els diumenges al matí.
16:55
Whatever it is, you can go so far.
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No importa el que sigui, pots fer-ho.
16:58
And this is what I tell my students:
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I per tant el que dic als meus alumnes:
17:00
step outside of your tiny, little world.
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és sortiu del vostre petit món.
17:04
Step inside of the tiny, little world
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I entreu dins del petit món
17:06
of somebody else.
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d'algú altre.
17:08
And then do it again and do it again and do it again.
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I torneu a fer-ho una i altra vegada.
17:12
And suddenly all these tiny, little worlds,
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Així que de sobte tots aquests petits móns,
17:14
they come together in this complex web.
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convergeixen en una complexa xarxa.
17:16
And they build a big, complex world.
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I junts construireu un món gran, complex.
17:19
And suddenly, without realizing it,
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I de cop i volta, sense adonar-vos-en,
17:21
you're seeing the world differently.
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comenceu a veure el món d'una forma diferent.
17:24
Everything has changed.
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Tot canvia.
17:26
Everything in your life has changed.
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Tot en la vostra vida canvia.
17:28
And that's, of course, what this is about.
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I és tracta d'això, és clar.
17:31
Attend to other lives,
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Atendre altres vides,
17:34
other visions.
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altres visions.
17:36
Listen to other people,
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Escoltar altra gent,
17:38
enlighten ourselves.
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il.luminar-nos.
17:41
I'm not saying
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No vull dir
17:43
that I support the terrorists in Iraq,
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que doni suport als terroristes d'Irak,
17:45
but as a sociologist,
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però com a sociòleg,
17:47
what I am saying
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el que vull dir
17:49
is I understand.
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és que entenc.
17:53
And now perhaps -- perhaps -- you do too.
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I ara, poster, potser, vosaltres també.
17:57
Thank you.
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Gràcies.
17:59
(Applause)
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Aplaudiments
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sam Richards - SociologistSam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology.
Why you should listen
Identifying himself as "an iconoclast from Toledo, Ohio," and identified by David Horowitz as one of the "101 Most Dangerous Academics in America," Sam Richards is one of the most provocative, and popular, sociology teachers in the country. Every year 725 students at Penn State University take his course on race and ethnic relations, where he attacks, with humor and courage, questions most would choose to avoid.
He is also the founder of the World in Conversation project. Every year, more than 7,000 students participate in its mission is to create a conscious dialogue around the politically incorrect thoughts of the participants, bringing them out in the open for inspection.
Sam Richards | Speaker | TED.com