TEDxPSU
Sam Richards: A radical experiment in empathy
Sam Richards: radikaalne eksperiment empaatia vallas
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Sotsioloog Sam Richards juhib üritusel TEDxPSU publiku seas viibivaid ameeriklasi samm sammult läbi mõtteprotsessi ja esitab erakordse väljakutse: kas nad mõistavad - mitte ei kiida heaks, aga mõistavad - iraagi mässaja motiive? Ja veel enam, kas keegi saab üldse tõeliselt teist inimest mõista ja tema vastu empaatiat tunda?
Sam Richards - Sociologist
Sam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology. Full bio
Sam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
My students often ask me,
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Mu üliõpilased küsivad minult sageli:
00:18
"What is sociology?"
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"Mis on sotsioloogia?"
00:20
And I tell them, "It's the study
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Ma vastan: "See on õpetus
00:22
of the way in which human beings
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sellest, kuidas inimesi mõjutavad
00:24
are shaped by things that they don't see."
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asjad, mida nad ei näe."
00:27
And they say, "So how can I be a sociologist?
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Nad küsivad: "Kuidas saan ma siis sotsioloog olla?
00:31
How can I understand those invisible forces?"
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Kuidas ma saaksin mõista nähtamatuid jõude?"
00:33
And I say, "Empathy.
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Ma vastan: "Empaatia abil.
00:35
Start with empathy.
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Alustage empaatiaga.
00:37
It all begins with empathy.
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Kõik algab empaatiast.
00:40
Take yourself out of your shoes,
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Astuge korraks oma rollist välja
00:42
put yourself into the shoes of another person."
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ja pange end teise inimese rolli."
00:44
Here, I'll give you an example.
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Toon teile näite.
00:47
So I imagine my life:
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Kujutan ette oma elu,
00:49
if a hundred years ago
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kui sada aastat tagasi
00:51
China had been the most powerful nation in the world
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oleks Hiina olnud maailma võimsaim riik
00:53
and they came to the United States
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ja nad oleksid tulnud USAsse,
00:55
in search of coal,
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otsides kivisütt,
00:57
and they found it, and, in fact, they found lots of it right here.
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ja nad oleksid leidnud seda siitsamast üsna palju.
01:00
And pretty soon, they began shipping that coal,
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Varsti hakkasid nad vedama seda sütt
01:03
ton by ton,
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tonnide kaupa,
01:05
rail car by rail car, boatload by boatload,
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vagunite kaupa, laevatäite kaupa
01:08
back to China and elsewhere around the world.
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tagasi Hiinasse ja mujale maailma.
01:12
And they got fabulously wealthy in doing so.
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Seda tehes said nad uskumatult rikkaks.
01:15
And they built beautiful cities
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Nad ehitasid kauneid linnu,
01:17
all powered on that coal.
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mida varustati energiaga selle kivisöe abil.
01:22
And back here in the United States,
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Aga siin, USAs,
01:25
we saw economic despair, deprivation.
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nägime me lootusetut majanduslikku olukorda ja puudust.
01:27
This is what I saw.
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See oli see, mida ma nägin.
01:29
I saw people struggling to get by,
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Nägin inimesi virelemas,
01:32
not knowing what was what and what was next.
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teadmata, mis on mis ja kuidas edasi.
01:35
And then I asked myself the question.
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Ja siis esitasin endale küsimuse.
01:37
I say, "How's it possible that we could be so poor here in the United States,
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Küsisin: "Kuidas on võimalik, et meie siin USAs oleme nii vaesed,
01:40
because the coal is such a wealthy resource,
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kivisüsi on ju ometi väärtuslik loodusvara,
01:42
it's so much money?"
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mis toodab nii palju raha?"
01:44
And I realized,
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Ja ma mõistsin,
01:46
because the Chinese ingratiated themselves
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et hiinlased on saavutanud kavala kokkuleppe
01:49
with a small ruling class here in the United States
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USA väikesearvulise valitseva klassiga,
01:52
who stole all of that money and all of that wealth for themselves.
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kes pistsid kogu selle raha ja rikkuse enda tasku.
01:56
And the rest of us, the vast majority of us,
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Meie, ülejäänud, keda on enamik,
01:58
struggle to get by.
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peame virelema.
02:00
And the Chinese gave this small ruling elite
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Ja hiinlased andsid meie vähemuses olevale valitsevale eliidile
02:03
loads of military weapons and sophisticated technology
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hulgaliselt sõjariistu ja keerulist tehnoloogiat,
02:06
in order to ensure that people like me
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tagamaks, et minusugused inimesed
02:09
would not speak out against this relationship.
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ei protestiks selle suhte vastu.
02:13
Does this sound familiar?
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Kas see kõlab tuttavlikult?
02:16
And they did things like train Americans
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Ja nad õpetasid ameeriklasi välja,
02:18
to help protect the coal.
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et nad aitaksid kivisütt kaitsta.
02:20
And everywhere, were symbols of the Chinese --
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Kõikjal võis näha Hiina sümboleid -
02:23
everywhere, a constant reminder.
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kõikjal, alatise meeldetuletusena.
02:26
And back in China,
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Ja Hiinas,
02:28
what do they say in China?
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mida seal räägitakse?
02:30
Nothing. They don't talk about us. They don't talk about the coal.
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Mitte midagi. Nad ei räägi meist. Nad ei räägi kivisöest.
02:33
If you ask them,
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Kui nende käest küsida,
02:35
they'll say, "Well, you know the coal, we need the coal.
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vastavad nad: "Teate, meil on kivisütt vaja.
02:37
I mean, come on, I'm not going to turn down my thermostat.
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Tähendab, olge normaalsed, ma ei saa ju kütet välja keerata.
02:40
You can't expect that."
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Te ei saa seda eeldada."
02:43
And so I get angry, and I get pissed,
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Ja ma muutun vihaseks, lähen närvi,
02:46
as do lots of average people.
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just nagu paljud tavalised inimesed.
02:48
And we fight back, and it gets really ugly.
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Me hakkame vastu ja asi läheb väga inetuks.
02:51
And the Chinese respond in a very ugly way.
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Hiinlased reageerivad samuti väga inetult.
02:55
And before we know it, they send in the tanks
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Enne kui me arugi saame, saadavad nad siia tankid
02:58
and then send in the troops,
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ja seejärel oma väeüksused
03:00
and lots of people are dying,
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ja paljud inimesed saavad surma
03:02
and it's a very, very difficult situation.
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ja olukord on äärmiselt keeruline.
03:07
Can you imagine what you would feel
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Kas te suudate ette kujutada,
03:10
if you were in my shoes?
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mida te minu olukorras tunneksite?
03:12
Can you imagine walking out of this building
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Kas te suudate kujutleda, et väljute sellest hoonest
03:15
and seeing a tank sitting out there
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ja näete seal eemal tanki
03:17
or a truck full of soldiers?
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või autokastitäit sõdureid?
03:20
And just imagine what you would feel.
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Ja kujutlege, mida te tunneksite.
03:22
Because you know why they're here, and you know what they're doing here.
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Sest te teate, miks nad seal on ja mida nad seal teevad.
03:25
And you just feel the anger and you feel the fear.
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Te tunnete viha ja hirmu.
03:29
If you can, that's empathy -- that's empathy.
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Kui te seda suudate, siis see ongi empaatia.
03:32
You've left your shoes, and you've stood in mine.
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Te olete asetanud ennast minu olukorda.
03:35
And you've got to feel that.
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Ja te peate seda tundma.
03:37
Okay, so that's the warm up.
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Nii, see oli soojenduseks.
03:39
That's the warm up.
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See oli soojendus.
03:41
Now we're going to have
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Nüüd teeme läbi
03:43
the real radical experiment.
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tõeliselt radikaalse eksperimendi.
03:45
And so for the remainder of my talk, what I want you to do
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Ma palun, et minu ülejäänud kõne ajal
03:48
is put yourselves in the shoes
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asetaksite te ennast
03:50
of an ordinary Arab Muslim
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tavalise araablasest moslemi olukorda,
03:53
living in the Middle East --
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kes elab Lähis-Idas,
03:55
in particular, in Iraq.
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ennekõike Iraagis.
03:59
And so to help you,
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Et teid aitada -
04:01
perhaps you're a member of this middle class family in Baghdad --
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võib-olla olete selle Bagdadi keskklassi perekonna liige
04:05
and what you want is the best for your kids.
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ja tahate seda, mis on teie lastele parim.
04:08
You want your kids to have a better life.
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Te tahate, et teie lastel oleks parem elu.
04:10
And you watch the news, you pay attention,
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Te jälgite tähelepanelikult uudiseid,
04:12
you read the newspaper, you go down to the coffee shop with your friends,
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loete ajalehte, käite sõpradega kohvikus
04:15
and you read the newspapers from around the world.
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ja loete ka ajalehti mujalt maailmast.
04:17
And sometimes you even watch satellite,
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Vahel vaatate isegi satelliittelevisiooni,
04:19
CNN, from the United States.
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USA telekanalit CNN.
04:21
So you have a sense of what the Americans are thinking.
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Nii et teil on aimu, mida ameeriklased mõtlevad.
04:23
But really, you just want a better life for yourself.
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Aga tegelikult tahate te lihtsalt endale paremat elu.
04:26
That's what you want.
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See on teie soov.
04:28
You're Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
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Te olete araablane, moslem, kes elab Iraagis.
04:30
You want a better life for yourself.
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Te tahate endale paremat elu.
04:32
So here, let me help you.
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Lubage, ma aitan teid.
04:34
Let me help you with some things
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Lubage, ma aitan teid mõne asjaga,
04:36
that you might be thinking.
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mida te võib-olla mõtlete.
04:38
Number one: this incursion into your land
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Esiteks: see sissetung teie maale
04:41
these past 20 years, and before,
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viimase 20 aasta jooksul ja enne seda,
04:43
the reason anyone is interested in your land, and particularly the United States,
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põhjus, miks keegi, eriti USA, teie maast huvitub,
04:46
it's oil.
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on nafta.
04:48
It's all about oil; you know that, everybody knows that.
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Asi on naftas - seda teavad kõik.
04:51
People here back in the United States know it's about oil.
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Inimesed USAs teavad, et asi on naftas.
04:54
It's because somebody else
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Asi on selles, et kellelgi teisel
04:56
has a design for your resource.
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on kavatsused seoses teie loodusvaradega.
04:59
It's your resource; it's not somebody else's.
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See on teie loodusvara, mitte kellegi teise.
05:02
It's your land; it's your resource.
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See on teie maa, teie loodusvara.
05:05
Somebody else has a design for it.
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Kellelgi teisel on sellega seoses kavatsused.
05:07
And you know why they have a design?
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Ja kas teate, miks?
05:09
You know why they have their eyes set on it?
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Mis nad sellele silma viskavad?
05:11
Because they have an entire economic system
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Sest kogu nende majanduslik süsteem
05:13
that's dependent on that oil --
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sõltub sellest naftast,
05:15
foreign oil,
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välismaalt saadud naftast,
05:17
oil from other parts of the world that they don't own.
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naftast, mis on pärit paikadest, mis pole nende omad.
05:20
And what else do you think about these people?
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Mida te veel neist inimestest arvate?
05:22
The Americans, they're rich.
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Ameeriklased on rikkad.
05:24
Come on, they live in big houses, they have big cars,
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Nad elavad suurtes majades, neil on suured autod,
05:26
they all have blond hair, blue eyes, they're happy.
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neil kõigil on heledad juuksed, sinised silmad, nad on õnnelikud.
05:28
You think that. It's not true, of course,
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Te mõtlete nii. Loomulikult pole see tõsi,
05:30
but that's the media impression, and that's like what you get.
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aga sellise mulje jätab meedia ja selline mulje teile jääbki.
05:33
And they have big cities,
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Neil on suured linnad
05:35
and the cities are all dependent on oil.
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ja need linnad sõltuvad kõik naftast.
05:39
And back home, what do you see?
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Mida te oma kodumaal näete?
05:41
Poverty, despair, struggle.
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Vaesust, ahastust, virelemist.
05:43
Look, you don't live in a wealthy country.
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Vaadake, te ei ela rikkas riigis.
05:46
This is Iraq.
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See on Iraak.
05:50
This is what you see.
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See on see, mida te näete.
05:52
You see people struggling to get by.
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Te näete, kuidas inimesed virelevad.
05:54
I mean, it's not easy; you see a lot of poverty.
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See ei ole lihtne - te näete palju vaesust.
05:56
And you feel something about this.
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Ja see tekitab teis tundeid.
05:58
These people have designs for your resource,
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Nendel inimestel on kavatsused seoses teie loodusvaraga
06:00
and this is what you see?
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ja see on see, mida te näete?
06:02
Something else you see that you talk about --
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Veel üks asi, mida te näete ja millest räägite -
06:04
Americans don't talk about this, but you do.
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ameeriklased ei räägi, aga teie räägite.
06:06
There's this thing, this militarization of the world,
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See on maailma militariseerumine,
06:09
and it's centered right in the United States.
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mille keskpunktiks on USA.
06:11
And the United States
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Ja USA on vastutav
06:13
is responsible for almost one half
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peaaegu poole eest
06:16
of the world's military spending --
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maailma militaarkuludest -
06:18
four percent of the world's population.
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neli protsenti maailma rahvastikust.
06:20
And you feel it; you see it every day.
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Te tunnete ja näete seda iga päev.
06:23
It's part of your life.
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See on osa teie elust.
06:25
And you talk about it with your friends.
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Ja te räägite sellest oma sõpradega.
06:27
You read about it.
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Te loete selle kohta.
06:30
And back when Saddam Hussein was in power,
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Kui Saddam Hussein oli võimul,
06:33
the Americans didn't care about his crimes.
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ei hoolinud ameeriklased tema kuritegudest.
06:36
When he was gassing the Kurds and gassing Iran,
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Kui ta gaasitas kurde ja Iraani,
06:38
they didn't care about it.
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ei hoolinud nad sellest.
06:40
When oil was at stake,
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Aga kui kaalul oli nafta,
06:42
somehow, suddenly, things mattered.
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siis muutusid asjad äkki oluliseks.
06:47
And what you see, something else,
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Ja veel üks asi, mida te näete,
06:49
the United States,
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on see, et USA,
06:51
the hub of democracy around the world,
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maailma demokraatia keskpunkt,
06:53
they don't seem to really be
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ei paista tõtt-öelda
06:55
supporting democratic countries all around the world.
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toetavat demokraatlikke riike kogu maailmas.
06:59
There are a lot of countries, oil-producing countries,
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On palju riike, naftat tootvaid riike,
07:02
that aren't very democratic, but supported by the United States.
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mis ei ole kuigi demokraatlikud, aga mida USA toetab.
07:05
That's odd.
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See on veider.
07:07
Oh, these incursions, these two wars,
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Need sissetungid, need kaks sõda,
07:10
the 10 years of sanctions,
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need kümme aastat sanktsioone,
07:12
the eight years of occupation,
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kaheksa aastat okupatsiooni,
07:16
the insurgency that's been unleashed on your people,
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ülestõus, mis teie rahva hulgas on vallandatud,
07:19
the tens of thousands, the hundreds of thousands
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sajad tuhanded
07:22
of civilian deaths,
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surnud tsiviilisikud,
07:27
all because of oil.
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kõik nafta pärast.
07:30
You can't help but think that.
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Paratamatult mõtled sa sellele.
07:32
You talk about it.
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Sa räägid sellest.
07:34
It's in the forefront of your mind always.
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See on sul alati meeles.
07:37
You say, "How is that possible?"
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Sa küsid: "Kuidas on see võimalik?"
07:40
And this man, he's every man --
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Ja see mees, ta on tavaline mees -
07:43
your grandfather, your uncle,
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su vanaisa, su onu,
07:45
your father, your son,
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su isa, su poeg,
07:47
your neighbor, your professor, your student.
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su naaber, su õpetaja, su õpilane.
07:50
Once a life of happiness and joy
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Õnnelik ja rõõmus elu
07:53
and suddenly, pain and sorrow.
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asendus äkki kurbuse ja leinaga.
07:56
Everyone in your country
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Iga inimest sinu maal
07:59
has been touched by the violence,
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on puudutanud vägivald,
08:02
the bloodshed, the pain,
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verevalamine, valu,
08:04
the horror, everybody.
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õudus - igaüht.
08:06
Not a single person in your country
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Sinu riigis pole ühtegi inimest,
08:09
has not been touched.
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keda see poleks puudutanud.
08:11
But there's something else.
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Aga on veel üks asi.
08:13
There's something else about these people,
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Nende inimeste juures on veel midagi,
08:15
these Americans who are there.
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nende ameeriklaste juures, kes siia tulid.
08:17
There's something else about them that you see -- they don't see themselves.
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Sa näed nende juures veel midagi - mida nad ise ei näe.
08:20
And what do you see? They're Christians.
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Mida sa näed? Nad on kristlased.
08:23
They're Christians.
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Nad on kristlased.
08:25
They worship the Christian God, they have crosses, they carry Bibles.
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Nad kummardavad Kristust, neil on ristid, nad kannavad Piiblit kaasas.
08:28
Their Bibles have a little insignia
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Nende Piiblitel on väike märk
08:30
that says "U.S. Army" on them.
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tekstiga "USA armee".
08:34
And their leaders, their leaders:
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Ja nende juhid:
08:37
before they send their sons and daughters
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enne kui nad saadavad oma pojad ja tütred
08:39
off to war in your country --
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sinu maale sõtta -
08:41
and you know the reason --
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ja sa tead, mis põhjusel -
08:43
before they send them off,
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enne kui nad neid teele saadavad,
08:45
they go to a Christian church, and they pray to their Christian God,
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lähevad nad kristlikku kirikusse ja palvetavad kristlaste jumala poole,
08:47
and they ask for protection and guidance from that god.
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paludes sellelt jumalalt kaitset ja teejuhatust.
08:50
Why?
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Miks?
08:52
Well, obviously, when people die in the war,
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Loomulikult selleks, et kui sõjas sureb inimesi,
08:56
they are Muslims, they are Iraqis --
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oleksid need moslemid, iraaklased -
08:58
they're not Americans.
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mitte ameeriklased.
09:00
You don't want Americans to die. Protect our troops.
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Sa ei taha, et ameeriklased sureksid. Kaitseme oma sõdureid.
09:03
And you feel something about that --
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Ja see tekitab sinus tundeid -
09:05
of course you do.
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loomulikult tekitab.
09:07
And they do wonderful things.
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Ja nad teevad imelisi asju.
09:09
You read about it, you hear about it.
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Sa loed ja kuuled selle kohta.
09:11
They're there to build schools and help people, and that's what they want to do.
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Nad on siin, et ehitada koolimaju ja aidata inimesi - see on nende plaan.
09:13
They do wonderful things, but they also do the bad things,
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Nad teevad häid asju, aga nad teevad ka halbu asju
09:15
and you can't tell the difference.
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ja sul on raske neil vahet teha.
09:17
And this guy, you get a guy like Lt. Gen. William Boykin.
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On selliseid mehi nagu kindralleitnant William Boykin.
09:21
I mean, here's a guy who says that your God is a false God.
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Ta on mees, kes ütleb, et teie jumal on võltsjumal.
09:24
Your God's an idol; his God is the true God.
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Teie jumal on ebajumal, tema jumal on tõeline.
09:26
The solution to the problem in the Middle East, according to him,
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Tema arvates on Lähis-Ida probleemide lahenduseks
09:29
is to convert you all to Christianity --
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pöörata teid kõiki kristlasteks
09:31
just get rid of your religion.
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ja juurida välja teie usk.
09:33
And you know that. Americans don't read about this guy.
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Teie teate seda. Ameeriklased ei loe selle mehe kohta.
09:35
They don't know anything about him, but you do.
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Nad ei tea temast midagi, aga teie teate.
09:38
You pass it around. You pass his words around.
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Te levitate seda. Te levitate tema sõnu.
09:40
I mean this is serious. You're afraid.
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See on tõsine asi.
09:43
He was one of the leading commanders in the second invasion of Iraq.
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Ta oli teise Iraagi invasiooni ajal üks ülemjuhatajaid.
09:46
And you're thinking, "God, if this guy is saying that,
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Sa mõtled: "Kui see mees niimoodi arvab,
09:49
then all the soldiers must be saying that."
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siis arvavad ilmselt kõik sõdurid niimoodi."
09:51
And this word here,
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Ja on veel üks sõna -
09:53
George Bush called this war a crusade.
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George Bush nimetas seda sõda ristisõjaks.
09:55
Man, the Americans, they're just like, "Ah, crusade.
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Ameeriklased mõtlevad: "Ah, ristisõda.
09:57
Whatever. I don't know."
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Mida iganes. Ma ei tea."
09:59
You know what it means.
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Sina tead, mida see tähendab.
10:01
It's a holy war against Muslims.
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See on püha sõda moslemite vastu.
10:03
Look, invade, subdue them, take their resources.
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Tungi sisse, alista nad ja võta nende loodusvarad.
10:06
If they won't submit, kill them.
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Kui nad alla ei anna, tapa nad.
10:08
That's what this is about.
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See on asja sisu.
10:10
And you're thinking, "My God, these Christians are coming to kill us."
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Sa mõtled: "Need kristlased tulevad siia meid tapma."
10:13
This is frightening.
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See on hirmutav.
10:15
You feel frightened. Of course you feel frightened.
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Sul on hirm. Muidugi on sul hirm.
10:18
And this man, Terry Jones:
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Ja mees nimega Terry Jones -
10:21
I mean here's a guy who wants to burn Korans, right?
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tema on see, kes tahab Koraane põletada.
10:23
And the Americans: "Ah, he's a knucklehead.
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Ameeriklased mõtlevad: "Ta on jobu.
10:25
He's a former hotel manager;
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Ta on endine hotellijuhataja,
10:27
he's got three-dozen members of his church."
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tema kirikusse kuulub kolm tosinat liiget."
10:29
They laugh him off. You don't laugh him off.
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Nad naeravad ta välja. Sina ei naera teda välja.
10:31
Because in the context of everything else,
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Sest kui arvestada kogu konteksti,
10:33
all the pieces fit.
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on see väga loogiline.
10:35
I mean, of course, this is how Americans take it,
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Muidugi suhtuvad ameeriklased niimoodi,
10:37
so people all over the Middle East, not just in your country,
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nii et inimesed üle kogu Lähis-Ida, mitte ainult sinu riigis,
10:39
are protesting.
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hakkavad protestima.
10:41
"He wants to burn Korans, our holy book.
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"Ta tahab põletada Koraane, meie pühi raamatuid.
10:43
These Christians, who are these Christians?
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Need kristlased, kes nad on?
10:45
They're so evil, they're so mean --
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Nad on nii halvad, nad on nii õelad -
10:47
this is what they're about."
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sellised nad ongi."
10:49
This is what you're thinking as an Arab Muslim,
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See on see, mida sa mõtled araablasest moslemina,
10:51
as an Iraqi.
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iraaklasena.
10:53
Of course you're going to think this.
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Muidugi mõtled sa nii.
10:55
And then your cousin
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Ja siis ütleb su onupoeg:
10:57
says, "Hey cuz, check out this website.
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"Kuule, vaata seda veebilehte.
10:59
You've got to see this -- Bible Boot Camp.
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Sa pead seda nägema - noorte sõjaväeline piiblilaager.
11:01
These Christians are nuts.
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Kristlased on hullud.
11:03
They're training their little kids to be soldiers for Jesus.
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Nad treenivad väikesi lapsi Jeesuse sõduriteks.
11:06
And they take these little kids and they run them through these things
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Nad võtavad väikesed lapsed ja lasevad neil niisuguse õppe läbida,
11:08
till they teach them how to say, "Sir, yes, sir,"
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õpetavad neid ütlema "Just nii"
11:10
and things like grenade toss and weapons care and maintenance.
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ja kranaate heitma ning relvi hooldama.
11:13
And go to the website.
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Ja sa lähed sellele veebilehele.
11:15
It says "U.S. Army" right on it.
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Esimese asjana seisab seal tekst "USA armee".
11:17
I mean, these Christians, they're nuts. How would they do this to their little kids?"
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Kristlased on ju segased. Kuidas nad teevad midagi sellist oma väikeste lastega?"
11:20
And you're reading this website.
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Sa loed seda veebilehte.
11:22
And of course, Christians back in the United States, or anybody,
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Loomulikult ütlevad USAs kristlased või ükskõik kes:
11:25
says, "Ah, this is some little, tiny church in the middle of nowhere."
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"See on mingi pisitilluke kirik mingis kolkas."
11:27
You don't know that.
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Aga sina ei tea seda.
11:29
For you, this is like all Christians.
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Sinu jaoks on see tüüpiline kristlus.
11:32
It's all over the Web, Bible Boot Camp.
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See on kõikjal veebis kättesaadav - sõjaväeline noorte piiblilaager.
11:34
And look at this:
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Ja vaadake seda:
11:36
they even teach their kids --
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nad isegi õpetavad oma lapsi -
11:38
they train them in the same way the U.S. Marines train.
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nad treenivad neid samamoodi nagu USA merejalaväelasi.
11:40
Isn't that interesting.
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Kas pole huvitav.
11:42
And it scares you, and it frightens you.
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Ja see hirmutab sind.
11:44
So these guys, you see them.
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Näete neid mehi siin?
11:46
You see, I, Sam Richards, I know who these guys are.
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Mina, Sam Richards, tean, kes need mehed on.
11:49
They're my students, my friends.
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Need on minu üliõpilased, mu sõbrad.
11:51
I know what they're thinking: "You don't know."
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Ma tean, mida te mõtlete: "Sa ei tea."
11:53
When you see them,
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Sinu pilgu läbi
11:55
they're something else, they're something else.
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on nad midagi muud.
11:58
That's what they are to you.
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Sinu jaoks on nad kristlastest vallutajad.
12:01
We don't see it that way in the United States,
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Meie USAs ei näe seda niimoodi,
12:04
but you see it that way.
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aga sina näed.
12:09
So here.
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Palun.
12:11
Of course, you got it wrong.
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Muidugi sa eksid.
12:13
You're generalizing. It's wrong.
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Sa üldistad. See on viga.
12:16
You don't understand the Americans.
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Sa ei mõista ameeriklasi.
12:18
It's not a Christian invasion.
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See ei ole kristlaste sissetung.
12:20
We're not just there for oil; we're there for lots of reasons.
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Me ei ole siin ainult nafta pärast, on palju muid põhjuseid.
12:22
You have it wrong. You've missed it.
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Sa eksisid. Sa panid mööda.
12:24
And of course, most of you don't support the insurgency;
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Ja muidugi enamik teist ei toeta ülestõusu,
12:27
you don't support killing Americans;
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te ei toeta ameeriklaste tapmist,
12:29
you don't support the terrorists.
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te ei toeta terroriste.
12:31
Of course you don't. Very few people do.
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Muidugi mitte. Väga vähesed inimesed toetavad.
12:33
But some of you do.
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Aga mõned teist toetavad.
12:36
And this is a perspective.
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Ja see on nende vaatepunkt.
12:39
Okay, so now, here's what we're going to do.
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Nii, nüüd teeme me järgmist.
12:41
Step outside of your shoes
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Astuge välja sellest rollist,
12:43
that you're in right now
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milles te praegu olete
12:45
and step back into your normal shoes.
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ja tagasi oma tavapärasesse olukorda.
12:47
So everyone's back in the room, okay.
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Nii, kõik on siin ruumis tagasi.
12:49
Now here comes the radical experiment.
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Nüüd tuleb meie radikaalne eksperiment.
12:51
So we're all back home.
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Oleme kõik kodus tagasi.
12:53
This photo: this woman,
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See foto: see naine,
12:55
man, I feel her.
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ma tõesti tajun teda.
12:57
I feel her.
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Ma tajun teda.
12:59
She's my sister,
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Ta on mu õde,
13:01
my wife, my cousin, my neighbor.
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mu naine, mu nõbu, mu naaber.
13:04
She's anybody to me.
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Ta on mulle ükskõik kes.
13:06
These guys standing there, everybody in the photo,
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Need mehed, kes siin seisavad, igaüks siin fotol.
13:08
I feel this photo, man.
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Ma tajun seda fotot.
13:11
So here's what I want you to do.
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Ma tahan, et te teeksite järgmist.
13:13
Let's go back to my first example of the Chinese.
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Lähme tagasi minu esimese näite juurde hiinlaste kohta.
13:17
So I want you to go there.
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Ma tahan, et te läheksite sinna.
13:19
So it's all about coal, and the Chinese are here in the United States.
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Asi on kivisöes ja hiinlased on siin, USAs.
13:22
And what I want you to do is picture her as a Chinese woman
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Ma tahan, et te kujutleksite teda hiinlannana,
13:24
receiving a Chinese flag
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kes saab Hiina lipu,
13:27
because her loved one has died in America
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sest tema armastatu on surnud Ameerikas,
13:30
in the coal uprising.
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kivisöest põhjustatud ülestõusus.
13:32
And the soldiers are Chinese,
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Need sõdurid on hiinlased
13:34
and everybody else is Chinese.
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ja kõik ülejäänud on ka hiinlased.
13:36
As an American, how do you feel about this picture?
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Mis tunnet see pilt tekitab sinus kui ameeriklases?
13:41
What do you think about that scene?
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Mida sa sellest stseenist arvad?
13:46
Okay, try this. Bring it back.
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Proovige seda. Tuleme tagasi.
13:48
This is the scene here.
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See on see stseen siin.
13:50
It's an American, American soldiers,
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See on ameeriklane, ameerika sõdurid,
13:52
American woman who lost her loved one
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ameeriklanna, kes kaotas oma armsama
13:54
in the Middle East -- in Iraq or Afghanistan.
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Lähis-Idas - Iraagis või Afganistanis.
13:57
Now, put yourself in the shoes,
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Aseta end rolli,
13:59
go back to the shoes
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mine tagasi sellesse rolli,
14:01
of an Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
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kus sa olid araablasest moslem, kes elab Iraagis.
14:05
What are you feeling and thinking
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Mida sa tunned ja mõtled
14:08
about this photo,
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seoses selle fotoga,
14:10
about this woman?
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seoses selle naisega?
14:20
Okay,
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Nii.
14:22
now follow me on this,
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Tulge mu mõttega kaasa,
14:24
because I'm taking a big risk here.
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sest ma võtan siin suure riski.
14:26
And so I'm going to invite you to take a risk with me.
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Ma kutsun teid võtma seda riski koos minuga.
14:29
These gentlemen here, they're insurgents.
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Need mehed siin on ülestõusnud.
14:31
They were caught by the American soldiers,
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Nad võeti kinni ameerika sõdurite poolt,
14:33
trying to kill Americans.
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sest nad püüdsid tappa ameeriklasi.
14:35
And maybe they succeeded. Maybe they succeeded.
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Ja võib-olla neil õnnestus see.
14:38
Put yourself in the shoes
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Pange end nende ameeriklaste rolli,
14:40
of the Americans who caught them.
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kes nad kinni võtsid.
14:44
Can you feel the rage?
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Kas te tunnete raevu?
14:46
Can you feel that you just want to take these guys
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Kas te tunnete, et te tahaksite
14:48
and wring their necks?
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nende meeste kaela murda?
14:50
Can you go there?
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Kas te suudate seda kujutleda?
14:52
It shouldn't be that difficult.
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See ei tohiks keeruline olla.
14:54
You just -- oh, man.
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Te lihtsalt - oh pagan.
14:59
Now, put yourself in their shoes.
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Nüüd pange ennast nende rolli.
15:05
Are they brutal killers
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Kas need on brutaalsed tapjad
15:07
or patriotic defenders?
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või patriootidest kaitsjad?
15:10
Which one?
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Kummad?
15:13
Can you feel their anger,
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Kas te tunnete nende viha,
15:16
their fear,
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nende hirmu,
15:18
their rage
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nende raevu
15:20
at what has happened in their country?
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seoses sellega, mis nende maal toimub?
15:22
Can you imagine
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Kas te kujutate ette,
15:24
that maybe one of them in the morning
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et võib-olla täna hommikul üks neist
15:27
bent down to their child and hugged their child
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kummardas alla ja kallistas oma last
15:30
and said, "Dear, I'll be back later.
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ja ütles: "Kullake, ma tulen hiljem koju.
15:34
I'm going out to defend your freedom, your lives.
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Ma lähen kaitsma teie vabadust, teie elu.
15:37
I'm going out to look out for us,
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Ma hoolitsen meie eest,
15:41
the future of our country."
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meie maa tuleviku eest."
15:43
Can you imagine that?
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Kas te suudate seda ette kujutada?
15:45
Can you imagine saying that?
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Kas te suudate kujutleda end seda ütlemas?
15:48
Can you go there?
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Kas te saate sellega hakkama?
15:52
What do you think they're feeling?
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Mis te arvate, mida nad tunnevad?
16:02
You see, that's empathy.
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Näete, see on empaatia.
16:04
It's also understanding.
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Samuti on see mõistmine.
16:07
Now, you might ask,
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Te võite küsida:
16:09
"Okay, Sam, so why do you do this sort of thing?
377
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"Sam, miks sa sellise asjaga tegeled?
16:12
Why would you use this example of all examples?"
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Miks kasutada kõigist võimalikest just seda näidet?"
16:14
And I say, because ... because.
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Ja mina vastan - sellepärast, et... sellepärast.
16:17
You're allowed to hate these people.
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Teil on lubatud neid inimesi vihata.
16:19
You're allowed to just hate them
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Teil on lubatud vihata neid
16:22
with every fiber of your being.
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iga rakuga oma kehas.
16:24
And if I can get you
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Kui ma suudan panna teid
16:26
to step into their shoes
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astuma nende rolli
16:28
and walk an inch,
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ja kõndima selles isegi sentimeetrit,
16:30
one tiny inch,
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ühtainsat sentimeetrit,
16:32
then imagine the kind of sociological analysis
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siis kujutlege sotsioloogilist analüüsi,
16:35
that you can do in all other aspects of your life.
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mida te suudate teha oma elu teistes aspektides?
16:39
You can walk a mile
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Te suudate käia terve kilomeetri,
16:41
when it comes to understanding
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kui asi puutub mõistmisesse,
16:43
why that person's driving 40 miles per hour
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miks mõni inimene sõidab
16:46
in the passing lane,
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kiirteel 60-kilomeetrise tunnikiirusega,
16:49
or your teenage son,
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miks teie teismeline poeg niimoodi käitub
16:51
or your neighbor who annoys you
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või miks teie tüütu naaber
16:53
by cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings.
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niidab pühapäeva hommikuti muru.
16:55
Whatever it is, you can go so far.
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Mis ka ei juhtuks, te suudate seda.
16:58
And this is what I tell my students:
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Ma ütlen oma üliõpilastele:
17:00
step outside of your tiny, little world.
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astuge oma pisitillukesest maailmast välja.
17:04
Step inside of the tiny, little world
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Astuge sisse kellegi teise
17:06
of somebody else.
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pisitillukesse maailma.
17:08
And then do it again and do it again and do it again.
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Ja siis tehke seda veel ja veel ja veel.
17:12
And suddenly all these tiny, little worlds,
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Ja äkki moodustavad need väikesed sõnad
17:14
they come together in this complex web.
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keerulise võrgustiku.
17:16
And they build a big, complex world.
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Nad moodustavad suure, keerulise maailma.
17:19
And suddenly, without realizing it,
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Ja äkki, isegi seda taipamata,
17:21
you're seeing the world differently.
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hakkate te nägema maailma teistsugusena.
17:24
Everything has changed.
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Kõik on muutunud.
17:26
Everything in your life has changed.
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Kõik teie elus on muutunud.
17:28
And that's, of course, what this is about.
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Ja selles ongi asja mõte.
17:31
Attend to other lives,
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Pange tähele teiste elu,
17:34
other visions.
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teistsuguseid nägemusi.
17:36
Listen to other people,
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Kuulake teisi inimesi,
17:38
enlighten ourselves.
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valgustage iseennast.
17:41
I'm not saying
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Ma ei ütle,
17:43
that I support the terrorists in Iraq,
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nagu ma toetaksin terroriste Iraagis,
17:45
but as a sociologist,
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aga sotsioloogina
17:47
what I am saying
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ütlen ma seda,
17:49
is I understand.
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et ma mõistan.
17:53
And now perhaps -- perhaps -- you do too.
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Ja nüüd võib-olla mõistate teie ka.
17:57
Thank you.
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Aitäh.
17:59
(Applause)
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(Aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sam Richards - SociologistSam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology.
Why you should listen
Identifying himself as "an iconoclast from Toledo, Ohio," and identified by David Horowitz as one of the "101 Most Dangerous Academics in America," Sam Richards is one of the most provocative, and popular, sociology teachers in the country. Every year 725 students at Penn State University take his course on race and ethnic relations, where he attacks, with humor and courage, questions most would choose to avoid.
He is also the founder of the World in Conversation project. Every year, more than 7,000 students participate in its mission is to create a conscious dialogue around the politically incorrect thoughts of the participants, bringing them out in the open for inspection.
Sam Richards | Speaker | TED.com