TEDxPSU
Sam Richards: A radical experiment in empathy
Sam Richards: Experiment empatie radikálov
Filmed:
Readability: 2.8
1,777,039 views
Tým, že viedol Američanov vo svojom publiku na TEDxPSU krok za krokom cez celý proces si sociológ Sam Richards vytíčil neobvyklý cieľ: Dokážu pochopiť -- nie schváliť, ale pochopiť -- motivácu Irackých povstalcov? A čo viac, dokáže niekto úplne porozumieť a súcitiť s druhým?
Sam Richards - Sociologist
Sam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology. Full bio
Sam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
My students often ask me,
0
0
3000
Študenti sa ma často pýtajú,
00:18
"What is sociology?"
1
3000
2000
Čo je to sociológia?
00:20
And I tell them, "It's the study
2
5000
2000
A ja im hovorím, "Je to predmet,
00:22
of the way in which human beings
3
7000
2000
vďaka ktorému sa ľudia
00:24
are shaped by things that they don't see."
4
9000
3000
formujú vecami, ktoré nevidia."
00:27
And they say, "So how can I be a sociologist?
5
12000
4000
A oni hovoria, "Tak ako sa môžem stať sociológom?
00:31
How can I understand those invisible forces?"
6
16000
2000
Ako môžem pochopiť tie neviditeľné sily?"
00:33
And I say, "Empathy.
7
18000
2000
A ja im vravím, "Empatia.
00:35
Start with empathy.
8
20000
2000
Začnite s empatiou.
00:37
It all begins with empathy.
9
22000
3000
Všetko to začína s empatiou.
00:40
Take yourself out of your shoes,
10
25000
2000
Vyzujte sa so svojích topánok,
00:42
put yourself into the shoes of another person."
11
27000
2000
a obujte sa do topánok niekoho iného."
00:44
Here, I'll give you an example.
12
29000
3000
Tu, ukážem vám príklad.
00:47
So I imagine my life:
13
32000
2000
Predstavím si svoj život,
00:49
if a hundred years ago
14
34000
2000
pred sto rokmi
00:51
China had been the most powerful nation in the world
15
36000
2000
Čína bola najsilnejší národ na svete
00:53
and they came to the United States
16
38000
2000
a prišli do Spojených štátov
00:55
in search of coal,
17
40000
2000
a hľadali uhlie,
00:57
and they found it, and, in fact, they found lots of it right here.
18
42000
3000
našli ho, a, popravde, našli ho tu hromady.
01:00
And pretty soon, they began shipping that coal,
19
45000
3000
A veľmi rýchlo ho začali zvážať,
01:03
ton by ton,
20
48000
2000
tonu po tone,
01:05
rail car by rail car, boatload by boatload,
21
50000
3000
vozeň po vozni, jedna nákladná loď za druhou
01:08
back to China and elsewhere around the world.
22
53000
4000
späť do Číny a inde po svete.
01:12
And they got fabulously wealthy in doing so.
23
57000
3000
A ohromne na tom zbohatli.
01:15
And they built beautiful cities
24
60000
2000
Vybudovali si nádherné mestá
01:17
all powered on that coal.
25
62000
4000
poháňané uhlím.
01:22
And back here in the United States,
26
67000
3000
A tu, doma v Spojených štátoch,
01:25
we saw economic despair, deprivation.
27
70000
2000
sme videli ekonomické zúfalstvo a depriváciu.
01:27
This is what I saw.
28
72000
2000
Toto som videl.
01:29
I saw people struggling to get by,
29
74000
3000
Videl som ľudí, ktorý mali problém prežiť,
01:32
not knowing what was what and what was next.
30
77000
3000
nevediac čo je čo a ako bude ďalej.
01:35
And then I asked myself the question.
31
80000
2000
Potom som si položil otázku.
01:37
I say, "How's it possible that we could be so poor here in the United States,
32
82000
3000
"Ako je možné, že môžeme byť tak chudobný tu v Spojených štátoch,
01:40
because the coal is such a wealthy resource,
33
85000
2000
keď uhlie je tak bohatá surovina
01:42
it's so much money?"
34
87000
2000
a keď stojí tak veľa?"
01:44
And I realized,
35
89000
2000
Potom som si uvedomil
01:46
because the Chinese ingratiated themselves
36
91000
3000
lebo čínania sa tu začlenili
01:49
with a small ruling class here in the United States
37
94000
3000
ako malá vládnuca skupinka tu v Spojených štátoch,
01:52
who stole all of that money and all of that wealth for themselves.
38
97000
4000
ktorá nám tieto všetky peniaze ukradla a zobrala si celé bohatstvo pre seba.
01:56
And the rest of us, the vast majority of us,
39
101000
2000
A my, zbytok, väčšinová populácia,
01:58
struggle to get by.
40
103000
2000
máme problém prežiť.
02:00
And the Chinese gave this small ruling elite
41
105000
3000
A Čínania dali tej malej vládnucej skupinke
02:03
loads of military weapons and sophisticated technology
42
108000
3000
kvantá zbraní a vyspelých technológií,
02:06
in order to ensure that people like me
43
111000
3000
aby sa uistili, že ľudia ako ja
02:09
would not speak out against this relationship.
44
114000
3000
neprehovoria proti tomuto vzájomnému spoločenstvu.
02:13
Does this sound familiar?
45
118000
3000
Znie Vám to povedome?
02:16
And they did things like train Americans
46
121000
2000
A tiež si cvičia Američanov,
02:18
to help protect the coal.
47
123000
2000
aby im pomohli chrániť uhlie.
02:20
And everywhere, were symbols of the Chinese --
48
125000
3000
Čínske symboli boli všade --
02:23
everywhere, a constant reminder.
49
128000
3000
všade, stála pripomienka.
02:26
And back in China,
50
131000
2000
A v Číne,
02:28
what do they say in China?
51
133000
2000
Čo hovoria v Číne?
02:30
Nothing. They don't talk about us. They don't talk about the coal.
52
135000
3000
Nič. Nerozprávajú o nás. Nerozprávajú sa o uhlí.
02:33
If you ask them,
53
138000
2000
Ak sa ich opýtate,
02:35
they'll say, "Well, you know the coal, we need the coal.
54
140000
2000
odpovedia Vám, "No, viete, uhlie, my potrebujeme uhlie.
02:37
I mean, come on, I'm not going to turn down my thermostat.
55
142000
3000
No tak, preto si predsa nebudem znižovať termostat.
02:40
You can't expect that."
56
145000
3000
To nemôžete po mne chcieť."
02:43
And so I get angry, and I get pissed,
57
148000
3000
Tak sa nahnevám, naštvem,
02:46
as do lots of average people.
58
151000
2000
ako to robí mnoho obyčajných ľudí.
02:48
And we fight back, and it gets really ugly.
59
153000
3000
A odpoveď býva strašná.
02:51
And the Chinese respond in a very ugly way.
60
156000
3000
A Čínania odpovedajú veľmi nechutne.
02:55
And before we know it, they send in the tanks
61
160000
3000
A než sa nazdáme, posielajú sem tanky
02:58
and then send in the troops,
62
163000
2000
a vojakov
03:00
and lots of people are dying,
63
165000
2000
a veľa ľudí zomiera,
03:02
and it's a very, very difficult situation.
64
167000
5000
je to veľmi, veľmi ťažká situácia.
03:07
Can you imagine what you would feel
65
172000
3000
Dokážete si predstaviť ako by ste sa cítili,
03:10
if you were in my shoes?
66
175000
2000
keby ste boli v mojej koži?
03:12
Can you imagine walking out of this building
67
177000
3000
Dokážete si predstaviť že vyjdete z tejto budovy
03:15
and seeing a tank sitting out there
68
180000
2000
a uvidíte tam stáť tank,
03:17
or a truck full of soldiers?
69
182000
3000
alebo kamión plný vojakov?
03:20
And just imagine what you would feel.
70
185000
2000
A len si predstavte ako by ste sa cítili.
03:22
Because you know why they're here, and you know what they're doing here.
71
187000
3000
Lebo viete prečo sú tu a viete čo tu robia.
03:25
And you just feel the anger and you feel the fear.
72
190000
4000
A iba cítite zlosť, cítite strach.
03:29
If you can, that's empathy -- that's empathy.
73
194000
3000
Ak toto dokážete, to je empatia -- to je empatia.
03:32
You've left your shoes, and you've stood in mine.
74
197000
3000
Vyzuli ste si svoje boty a postavili ste sa do mojich.
03:35
And you've got to feel that.
75
200000
2000
A to musíte citiť.
03:37
Okay, so that's the warm up.
76
202000
2000
Dobre, to len na zahriatie.
03:39
That's the warm up.
77
204000
2000
len na zahriatie.
03:41
Now we're going to have
78
206000
2000
A teraz budeme mať
03:43
the real radical experiment.
79
208000
2000
ten pravý radikálny experiment.
03:45
And so for the remainder of my talk, what I want you to do
80
210000
3000
A ako pripomienku k môjmu rozhovoru, chcem, aby ste sa
03:48
is put yourselves in the shoes
81
213000
2000
obuli do topánok
03:50
of an ordinary Arab Muslim
82
215000
3000
obyčajného Arabského Moslima,
03:53
living in the Middle East --
83
218000
2000
žijúceho na Strednom východe --
03:55
in particular, in Iraq.
84
220000
3000
presnejšie, v Iraku.
03:59
And so to help you,
85
224000
2000
A aby som Vám pomohol,
04:01
perhaps you're a member of this middle class family in Baghdad --
86
226000
4000
možno, že ste členom rodiny strednej vrstvy v Bagdade --
04:05
and what you want is the best for your kids.
87
230000
3000
a chcete iba to najlepšie pre Vaše deti.
04:08
You want your kids to have a better life.
88
233000
2000
Chcete, aby Vaše deti mali lepší život.
04:10
And you watch the news, you pay attention,
89
235000
2000
Pozerávate správy, dávate pozor,
04:12
you read the newspaper, you go down to the coffee shop with your friends,
90
237000
3000
čítate noviny, chodíte do kaviarní so svojími priateľmi,
04:15
and you read the newspapers from around the world.
91
240000
2000
čítate správy z celého sveta.
04:17
And sometimes you even watch satellite,
92
242000
2000
A niekedy si pozriete aj satelitné vysielanie,
04:19
CNN, from the United States.
93
244000
2000
CNN zo Spojených Štátov.
04:21
So you have a sense of what the Americans are thinking.
94
246000
2000
Takže máte povedomie ako rozmýšľajú Američania.
04:23
But really, you just want a better life for yourself.
95
248000
3000
Ale vážne, Vy iba chcete lepší život pre seba.
04:26
That's what you want.
96
251000
2000
To je to, čo chcete.
04:28
You're Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
97
253000
2000
Ste Arabský Moslim žijúci v Iraku.
04:30
You want a better life for yourself.
98
255000
2000
Chcete mať lepší život.
04:32
So here, let me help you.
99
257000
2000
Takže teraz Vám pomôžem.
04:34
Let me help you with some things
100
259000
2000
Pomôžem Vám s pár vecami,
04:36
that you might be thinking.
101
261000
2000
o ktorých možno premýšľate.
04:38
Number one: this incursion into your land
102
263000
3000
Číslo jeden: vpády do tvojej krajiny
04:41
these past 20 years, and before,
103
266000
2000
posledných 20 rokov a predtým
04:43
the reason anyone is interested in your land, and particularly the United States,
104
268000
3000
dôvod prečo má záujem ktokoľvek o túto zem, hlavne Spojené Štáty,
04:46
it's oil.
105
271000
2000
je ropa.
04:48
It's all about oil; you know that, everybody knows that.
106
273000
3000
Všetko je to o rope; Vy to viete, každý to vie.
04:51
People here back in the United States know it's about oil.
107
276000
3000
Ľudia tu v Spojených Štátoch vedia, že je to o rope.
04:54
It's because somebody else
108
279000
2000
Je to preto, že niekto iný
04:56
has a design for your resource.
109
281000
3000
má plán pre Vašu surovinu.
04:59
It's your resource; it's not somebody else's.
110
284000
3000
Je to Vaša surovina, nie niekoho iného.
05:02
It's your land; it's your resource.
111
287000
3000
Je to Vaše územie, vaša surovina.
05:05
Somebody else has a design for it.
112
290000
2000
Niekto iný má ale pre ňu plán.
05:07
And you know why they have a design?
113
292000
2000
A viete prečo majú pre ňu plán?
05:09
You know why they have their eyes set on it?
114
294000
2000
Viete prečo sa o to tak zaujímajú?
05:11
Because they have an entire economic system
115
296000
2000
Lebo ich celý ekonomický systém,
05:13
that's dependent on that oil --
116
298000
2000
ktorý je závislý na tejto rope --
05:15
foreign oil,
117
300000
2000
cudzej rope,
05:17
oil from other parts of the world that they don't own.
118
302000
3000
rope z iných častí sveta, ktoré oni nevlastnia.
05:20
And what else do you think about these people?
119
305000
2000
A čo iné si myslíte o týchto ľuďoch?
05:22
The Americans, they're rich.
120
307000
2000
Američania, tí sú bohatý
05:24
Come on, they live in big houses, they have big cars,
121
309000
2000
No tak, žijú v obrovských domoch, majú veľké autá,
05:26
they all have blond hair, blue eyes, they're happy.
122
311000
2000
všetci sú blonďáci s modrými očami a sú šťastný.
05:28
You think that. It's not true, of course,
123
313000
2000
To si myslíte. Samozrejme to nie je pravda,
05:30
but that's the media impression, and that's like what you get.
124
315000
3000
ale je to obraz z médií a preto si to aj myslíte.
05:33
And they have big cities,
125
318000
2000
Majú veľké mestá,
05:35
and the cities are all dependent on oil.
126
320000
3000
a tie mestá sú závislé na tej rope.
05:39
And back home, what do you see?
127
324000
2000
A čo vidíte doma?
05:41
Poverty, despair, struggle.
128
326000
2000
Chudobu, zúfalstvo, ťažkosti.
05:43
Look, you don't live in a wealthy country.
129
328000
3000
Však, Vy nežijete v bohatej krajine.
05:46
This is Iraq.
130
331000
3000
Toto je Irak.
05:50
This is what you see.
131
335000
2000
Toto je to, čo vidíš.
05:52
You see people struggling to get by.
132
337000
2000
Vidíš ako ľudia majú problém prežiť.
05:54
I mean, it's not easy; you see a lot of poverty.
133
339000
2000
Myslím tým, nieje to ľahké; vidíte mnoho chudoby.
05:56
And you feel something about this.
134
341000
2000
A teraz máte z toho nejaký pocit.
05:58
These people have designs for your resource,
135
343000
2000
Títo ľudia majú nejaký plán pre vašu surovinu,
06:00
and this is what you see?
136
345000
2000
a to je to, čo vidíš?
06:02
Something else you see that you talk about --
137
347000
2000
Je tu ešte niečo iné o čom rozprávate --
06:04
Americans don't talk about this, but you do.
138
349000
2000
Američania o tomto nerozprávajú, ale Vy áno.
06:06
There's this thing, this militarization of the world,
139
351000
3000
Je tu taká vec, militarizácia sveta,
06:09
and it's centered right in the United States.
140
354000
2000
a jej centrom sú práve Spojené Štáty.
06:11
And the United States
141
356000
2000
A Spojené Štáty
06:13
is responsible for almost one half
142
358000
3000
sú zodpovedné za skoro polovicu
06:16
of the world's military spending --
143
361000
2000
svetových výdavkov na armádu --
06:18
four percent of the world's population.
144
363000
2000
štyri percentá svetovej populácie.
06:20
And you feel it; you see it every day.
145
365000
3000
A Vy to cítite, vidíte to každý deň.
06:23
It's part of your life.
146
368000
2000
Je to súčasťou Vášho života.
06:25
And you talk about it with your friends.
147
370000
2000
A rozprávate sa o tom so svojimi prateľmi.
06:27
You read about it.
148
372000
3000
Čítate o tom.
06:30
And back when Saddam Hussein was in power,
149
375000
3000
A keď bol Saddám Husain pri moci,
06:33
the Americans didn't care about his crimes.
150
378000
3000
Američania sa nezaoberali jeho zločinmi.
06:36
When he was gassing the Kurds and gassing Iran,
151
381000
2000
Keď používal plyn na Kurodv, na Irán,
06:38
they didn't care about it.
152
383000
2000
nestarali sa o to.
06:40
When oil was at stake,
153
385000
2000
Keď išlo ale o ropu,
06:42
somehow, suddenly, things mattered.
154
387000
4000
nejako sa zrazu začali zaujímať.
06:47
And what you see, something else,
155
392000
2000
A čo vidíte Vy je niečo iné,
06:49
the United States,
156
394000
2000
čo Spojené Štáty,
06:51
the hub of democracy around the world,
157
396000
2000
hlava demokracie na svete,
06:53
they don't seem to really be
158
398000
2000
nevidno, že by oni
06:55
supporting democratic countries all around the world.
159
400000
4000
podporovali demokratické krajiny po svete.
06:59
There are a lot of countries, oil-producing countries,
160
404000
3000
Je veľa krajín, krajín produkujúcich ropu,
07:02
that aren't very democratic, but supported by the United States.
161
407000
3000
ktoré nie sú moc demokratické, ale sú podporované Spojenými Štátmy.
07:05
That's odd.
162
410000
2000
To je divné.
07:07
Oh, these incursions, these two wars,
163
412000
3000
No, tieto vpády, tieto dve vojny,
07:10
the 10 years of sanctions,
164
415000
2000
10 rokov sankcií,
07:12
the eight years of occupation,
165
417000
4000
osem rokov okupácií,
07:16
the insurgency that's been unleashed on your people,
166
421000
3000
tá vzbura, zoslaná na Vašich ľudí,
07:19
the tens of thousands, the hundreds of thousands
167
424000
3000
stovky tisíc
07:22
of civilian deaths,
168
427000
5000
civilných obetí,
07:27
all because of oil.
169
432000
3000
všetko pre ropu.
07:30
You can't help but think that.
170
435000
2000
Nemôžete si pomôcť iba na to myslieť.
07:32
You talk about it.
171
437000
2000
Rozprávate sa o tom.
07:34
It's in the forefront of your mind always.
172
439000
3000
Máte to vždy namysli.
07:37
You say, "How is that possible?"
173
442000
3000
Hovoríte si, "Ako je to možné?"
07:40
And this man, he's every man --
174
445000
3000
A tento muž, je to každy muž --
07:43
your grandfather, your uncle,
175
448000
2000
Váš dedko, Váš strýko,
07:45
your father, your son,
176
450000
2000
Váš otec, Váš syn,
07:47
your neighbor, your professor, your student.
177
452000
3000
Váš sused, Váš profesor, Váš študent.
07:50
Once a life of happiness and joy
178
455000
3000
Čo bývalo radosť a šťastie
07:53
and suddenly, pain and sorrow.
179
458000
3000
je zrazu bolesť a utrpenie.
07:56
Everyone in your country
180
461000
3000
Každý z Vašej krajiny
07:59
has been touched by the violence,
181
464000
3000
bol poznačený násilím,
08:02
the bloodshed, the pain,
182
467000
2000
krviprelievaním, bolesťou,
08:04
the horror, everybody.
183
469000
2000
hororom, každý.
08:06
Not a single person in your country
184
471000
3000
Neobišlo to čo i len jediného
08:09
has not been touched.
185
474000
2000
človeka z Vašej krajiny.
08:11
But there's something else.
186
476000
2000
Ale je tu niečo iné.
08:13
There's something else about these people,
187
478000
2000
Niečo iné na týchto ľuďoch,
08:15
these Americans who are there.
188
480000
2000
títo Američania, ktorý tu žijú.
08:17
There's something else about them that you see -- they don't see themselves.
189
482000
3000
Je na nich niečo iné, čo vidíš -- ale oni to nevidia.
08:20
And what do you see? They're Christians.
190
485000
3000
A čo vidíte? Sú Kresťania.
08:23
They're Christians.
191
488000
2000
Sú Kresťania.
08:25
They worship the Christian God, they have crosses, they carry Bibles.
192
490000
3000
Modlia sa ku Kresťanskému Bohu, majú kríže, nosia Biblie.
08:28
Their Bibles have a little insignia
193
493000
2000
Ich Biblie majú malé zanky,
08:30
that says "U.S. Army" on them.
194
495000
3000
na ktorých je "Armáda U.S.A.".
08:34
And their leaders, their leaders:
195
499000
3000
Všetci ich velitelia, ich velitelia:
08:37
before they send their sons and daughters
196
502000
2000
predtým ako pošlú svojich synov a dcéry
08:39
off to war in your country --
197
504000
2000
do vojny vo Vašej krajine --
08:41
and you know the reason --
198
506000
2000
a viete dôvod --
08:43
before they send them off,
199
508000
2000
predtým než ich vyšlú,
08:45
they go to a Christian church, and they pray to their Christian God,
200
510000
2000
idú do Kresťanského kostola a modlia sa k svojmu kresťanskému Bohu,
08:47
and they ask for protection and guidance from that god.
201
512000
3000
a prosia ho o ochranu a vedenie od toho Boha.
08:50
Why?
202
515000
2000
Prečo?
08:52
Well, obviously, when people die in the war,
203
517000
4000
No, vlastne, keď ľudia zomierajú vo vojne,
08:56
they are Muslims, they are Iraqis --
204
521000
2000
sú to Moslimovia, sú to Iračania --
08:58
they're not Americans.
205
523000
2000
nie sú to Američania.
09:00
You don't want Americans to die. Protect our troops.
206
525000
3000
My nechceme, aby Američania zomierali. Ochraňuj naše vojská.
09:03
And you feel something about that --
207
528000
2000
A máte z toho nejaký pocit --
09:05
of course you do.
208
530000
2000
jasneže máte.
09:07
And they do wonderful things.
209
532000
2000
A oni robia nádherné veci.
09:09
You read about it, you hear about it.
210
534000
2000
Čítate o tom, počujete o tom.
09:11
They're there to build schools and help people, and that's what they want to do.
211
536000
2000
Sú tam, aby postavili školy a pomohli ľuďom a to je to, čo chcú urobiť.
09:13
They do wonderful things, but they also do the bad things,
212
538000
2000
Robia nádherné veci, ale tiež zlé veci,
09:15
and you can't tell the difference.
213
540000
2000
ale Vy nevidíte rozdiel.
09:17
And this guy, you get a guy like Lt. Gen. William Boykin.
214
542000
4000
A tento chlap, chlap ako Poruč. Gener. William Boykin.
09:21
I mean, here's a guy who says that your God is a false God.
215
546000
3000
Chlap, ktorý hovorí, že Váš Boh je ten nesprávny.
09:24
Your God's an idol; his God is the true God.
216
549000
2000
Váš Boh je Váš idol, jeho Boh je ale ten pravý.
09:26
The solution to the problem in the Middle East, according to him,
217
551000
3000
Riešenie problému pre Stredný východ, podľa neho,
09:29
is to convert you all to Christianity --
218
554000
2000
je previesť Vás všetkých na Kresťanstvo --
09:31
just get rid of your religion.
219
556000
2000
len sa musíte zbaviť svojho vierovyznania.
09:33
And you know that. Americans don't read about this guy.
220
558000
2000
A Vy to viete. Američania nečítajú nič o tomto chlapovy.
09:35
They don't know anything about him, but you do.
221
560000
3000
Oni o ňom nič nevedia, ale Vy áno.
09:38
You pass it around. You pass his words around.
222
563000
2000
A rozširujete tú správu. Rozširujete jeho výroky do okolia.
09:40
I mean this is serious. You're afraid.
223
565000
3000
Toto je dosť závažné.
09:43
He was one of the leading commanders in the second invasion of Iraq.
224
568000
3000
Bol jedným z vrchných veliteľov v druhej invázii do Iraku.
09:46
And you're thinking, "God, if this guy is saying that,
225
571000
3000
A Vy si myslíte, "Bože, ak to hovorí on,
09:49
then all the soldiers must be saying that."
226
574000
2000
tak to musia hovoriť všetci vojaci."
09:51
And this word here,
227
576000
2000
A toto slovo,
09:53
George Bush called this war a crusade.
228
578000
2000
George Bush nazval túto vojnu križiacku výpravu.
09:55
Man, the Americans, they're just like, "Ah, crusade.
229
580000
2000
Bože, Američania, oni sú iba, "No, križiacka výprava.
09:57
Whatever. I don't know."
230
582000
2000
To je jedno. Ja neviem."
09:59
You know what it means.
231
584000
2000
Vy viete čo to znamená.
10:01
It's a holy war against Muslims.
232
586000
2000
Je to božia vojna proti Moslimom.
10:03
Look, invade, subdue them, take their resources.
233
588000
3000
Pozri sa, doby, podmaň si ich, zober im ich zdroje.
10:06
If they won't submit, kill them.
234
591000
2000
Ak sa nepodradia, zabi ich.
10:08
That's what this is about.
235
593000
2000
To je o čo tu ide.
10:10
And you're thinking, "My God, these Christians are coming to kill us."
236
595000
3000
A Vy si myslíte, "Ó Bože, títo kresťania nás idú pozabíjať."
10:13
This is frightening.
237
598000
2000
Toto je strašné.
10:15
You feel frightened. Of course you feel frightened.
238
600000
3000
Cítite sa vystrašený. Jasne, že sa cítite vystrašený.
10:18
And this man, Terry Jones:
239
603000
3000
A tento pán, Terry Jones:
10:21
I mean here's a guy who wants to burn Korans, right?
240
606000
2000
Tu je pán, ktorý chce páliť Korány.
10:23
And the Americans: "Ah, he's a knucklehead.
241
608000
2000
A Američania na to: "Ale, on je hlupák.
10:25
He's a former hotel manager;
242
610000
2000
On je bývalý riaditeľ hotelu;
10:27
he's got three-dozen members of his church."
243
612000
2000
má tri tucty členov kostola."
10:29
They laugh him off. You don't laugh him off.
244
614000
2000
Oni ho vysmejú. Vy ho ale nevysmejete.
10:31
Because in the context of everything else,
245
616000
2000
Lebo v celkovom kontexte,
10:33
all the pieces fit.
246
618000
2000
všetko to do seba zapadá.
10:35
I mean, of course, this is how Americans take it,
247
620000
2000
Jasne, takto to berú Američania,
10:37
so people all over the Middle East, not just in your country,
248
622000
2000
ale všetci ľudia na Strednom Východe, nie iba vo Vašej krajine
10:39
are protesting.
249
624000
2000
protestujú.
10:41
"He wants to burn Korans, our holy book.
250
626000
2000
"On chce páliť Korány, naše posvätné knihy.
10:43
These Christians, who are these Christians?
251
628000
2000
Títo Kresťania, kto sú to títo Kresťania?
10:45
They're so evil, they're so mean --
252
630000
2000
Sú tak zlí, tak úbohí --
10:47
this is what they're about."
253
632000
2000
tak takýto sú."
10:49
This is what you're thinking as an Arab Muslim,
254
634000
2000
Toto je to, čo si myslíte ako Arabský Moslim,
10:51
as an Iraqi.
255
636000
2000
ako Iračan.
10:53
Of course you're going to think this.
256
638000
2000
Jasne, že si to budete myslieť.
10:55
And then your cousin
257
640000
2000
A potom Váš synovec
10:57
says, "Hey cuz, check out this website.
258
642000
2000
hovorí, "Hej, lebo pozri sa na túto stránku.
10:59
You've got to see this -- Bible Boot Camp.
259
644000
2000
Toto musíš vidieť -- Cvičisko Biblia.
11:01
These Christians are nuts.
260
646000
2000
Títo Kresťania sú šialení.
11:03
They're training their little kids to be soldiers for Jesus.
261
648000
3000
Oni trénujú svoje malé deti za vojakov Ježiša.
11:06
And they take these little kids and they run them through these things
262
651000
2000
A berú svoje malé deti a nechávajú ich bežať cez tieto veci
11:08
till they teach them how to say, "Sir, yes, sir,"
263
653000
2000
až do bodu kedy ich učia hovoriť, "Pane, áno, pane,"
11:10
and things like grenade toss and weapons care and maintenance.
264
655000
3000
a veci ako hod granátom, starostlivosť o zbrane a ich údržba.
11:13
And go to the website.
265
658000
2000
A máte stránku.
11:15
It says "U.S. Army" right on it.
266
660000
2000
Ktorá má "Armáda U.S.A" presne na nej.
11:17
I mean, these Christians, they're nuts. How would they do this to their little kids?"
267
662000
3000
Mám na mysli, títo Kresťania, sú šialený. Ako by to mohli robiť ich vlastným malým deťom?
11:20
And you're reading this website.
268
665000
2000
A čítate ďalej na ich stránke.
11:22
And of course, Christians back in the United States, or anybody,
269
667000
3000
A jasne, Kresťania v Spojených Štátoch, alebo ktokoľvek
11:25
says, "Ah, this is some little, tiny church in the middle of nowhere."
270
670000
2000
hovorí, "ale, to je iba malinký zapadnutý kostol kde nič nie je široko-ďaleko."
11:27
You don't know that.
271
672000
2000
Ale Vy to neviete.
11:29
For you, this is like all Christians.
272
674000
3000
Pre Vás, toto je ako pre všetkých Kresťanov.
11:32
It's all over the Web, Bible Boot Camp.
273
677000
2000
Je to na celom internete, Cvičisko Biblia.
11:34
And look at this:
274
679000
2000
A pozrite sa na toto:
11:36
they even teach their kids --
275
681000
2000
ešte svoje deti učia --
11:38
they train them in the same way the U.S. Marines train.
276
683000
2000
trénujú ich tak isto ako to robia Mariňáci U.S.A.
11:40
Isn't that interesting.
277
685000
2000
Nie je to zaujímavé.
11:42
And it scares you, and it frightens you.
278
687000
2000
A toto Vás straší, desí Vás to.
11:44
So these guys, you see them.
279
689000
2000
Takže títo chlapi, vídavate ich.
11:46
You see, I, Sam Richards, I know who these guys are.
280
691000
3000
Vidíte ich, Ja, Sam Richards, Ja viem, kto to je.
11:49
They're my students, my friends.
281
694000
2000
Sú to moji študenti, moji priatelia.
11:51
I know what they're thinking: "You don't know."
282
696000
2000
Ja viem, čo si myslia: "Vy to neviete."
11:53
When you see them,
283
698000
2000
Keď ich vidíte Vy,
11:55
they're something else, they're something else.
284
700000
3000
sú to úplne, úplne iný ľudia.
11:58
That's what they are to you.
285
703000
3000
A takto sa Vám javia.
12:01
We don't see it that way in the United States,
286
706000
3000
My sa na to tak nepozeráme v Spojených Štátoch,
12:04
but you see it that way.
287
709000
3000
ale Vy to tak vidíte.
12:09
So here.
288
714000
2000
Takže tu.
12:11
Of course, you got it wrong.
289
716000
2000
Jasne, chápete to zle.
12:13
You're generalizing. It's wrong.
290
718000
3000
Zovšeobecňujete. To je zlé.
12:16
You don't understand the Americans.
291
721000
2000
Vy nerozumiete Američanom.
12:18
It's not a Christian invasion.
292
723000
2000
To nie je Kresťanská invázia.
12:20
We're not just there for oil; we're there for lots of reasons.
293
725000
2000
Nie sme tam iba pre ropu, sme tam pre veľa iných vecí.
12:22
You have it wrong. You've missed it.
294
727000
2000
Chápete to zle. Ste mimo.
12:24
And of course, most of you don't support the insurgency;
295
729000
3000
A, jasne, väčšina z Vás nepodporuje povstanie;
12:27
you don't support killing Americans;
296
732000
2000
nepodporujete vraždenie Američanov;
12:29
you don't support the terrorists.
297
734000
2000
nepodporujete teroristov.
12:31
Of course you don't. Very few people do.
298
736000
2000
Jasne že nie. Málokto áno.
12:33
But some of you do.
299
738000
3000
Ale niekto z Vás to robí.
12:36
And this is a perspective.
300
741000
3000
A toto je širší pohľad.
12:39
Okay, so now, here's what we're going to do.
301
744000
2000
Dobre, tak teraz Vám poviem, čo budeme robiť.
12:41
Step outside of your shoes
302
746000
2000
Vyzujte sa so svojích topánok
12:43
that you're in right now
303
748000
2000
v ktorých ste teraz boli
12:45
and step back into your normal shoes.
304
750000
2000
a obujte si späť svoje vlastné.
12:47
So everyone's back in the room, okay.
305
752000
2000
Takže všetci späť v tejto miestnosti, dobre.
12:49
Now here comes the radical experiment.
306
754000
2000
A teraz prichádza radikálny experiment.
12:51
So we're all back home.
307
756000
2000
Takže sme všetci späť doma.
12:53
This photo: this woman,
308
758000
2000
Táto fotka: táto žena,
12:55
man, I feel her.
309
760000
2000
och, cítim ju.
12:57
I feel her.
310
762000
2000
Cítim ju.
12:59
She's my sister,
311
764000
2000
Je to moja sestra,
13:01
my wife, my cousin, my neighbor.
312
766000
3000
moja žena, moja teta, moja susedka.
13:04
She's anybody to me.
313
769000
2000
Ona je ktokoľvek pre mňa.
13:06
These guys standing there, everybody in the photo,
314
771000
2000
Tí chlapi, ktorý tam stoja, každý na tej fotke.
13:08
I feel this photo, man.
315
773000
3000
Ja cítim tú fotku, ach.
13:11
So here's what I want you to do.
316
776000
2000
Takže teraz chcem po Vás následujúce.
13:13
Let's go back to my first example of the Chinese.
317
778000
3000
Vráťme sa teraz k prvému príkladu k Číňanom.
13:17
So I want you to go there.
318
782000
2000
Chcem po Vás, aby ste tam išli.
13:19
So it's all about coal, and the Chinese are here in the United States.
319
784000
3000
Všetko záleží na uhlí, a Číňania sú tu v Spojených Štátoch.
13:22
And what I want you to do is picture her as a Chinese woman
320
787000
2000
A teraz chcem po Vás, aby ste si ju predstavili ako Číňanku,
13:24
receiving a Chinese flag
321
789000
3000
ktorá dostáva Čínsku vlajku,
13:27
because her loved one has died in America
322
792000
3000
lebo jej milý zomrel v Amerike
13:30
in the coal uprising.
323
795000
2000
vo vzbure pre uhlie.
13:32
And the soldiers are Chinese,
324
797000
2000
A vojaci sú číňania,
13:34
and everybody else is Chinese.
325
799000
2000
a všetci naokolo sú Číňania.
13:36
As an American, how do you feel about this picture?
326
801000
3000
Ako Američan, ako sa cítite, keď sa pozriete na tento obrázok?
13:41
What do you think about that scene?
327
806000
3000
Čo si myslíte o tejto udalosti?
13:46
Okay, try this. Bring it back.
328
811000
2000
Dobre, skúste toto. Vráťte sa späť.
13:48
This is the scene here.
329
813000
2000
Toto je tá udalosť.
13:50
It's an American, American soldiers,
330
815000
2000
Je to Američan, Americký vojaci,
13:52
American woman who lost her loved one
331
817000
2000
Americká žena, ktorá stratila svojho milého
13:54
in the Middle East -- in Iraq or Afghanistan.
332
819000
3000
v Blízkom Východe -- V Iraku, alebo Afganistane.
13:57
Now, put yourself in the shoes,
333
822000
2000
Teraz sa obujte do bôt,
13:59
go back to the shoes
334
824000
2000
vráťte sa do bôt
14:01
of an Arab Muslim living in Iraq.
335
826000
3000
Arabského Moslima žijúceho v Iraku.
14:05
What are you feeling and thinking
336
830000
3000
Ako sa cítite, čo si myslíte
14:08
about this photo,
337
833000
2000
pri pohľade na túto fotku,
14:10
about this woman?
338
835000
3000
o tejto žene?
14:20
Okay,
339
845000
2000
Dobre.
14:22
now follow me on this,
340
847000
2000
Teraz ma v tomto sledujte,
14:24
because I'm taking a big risk here.
341
849000
2000
lebo teraz beriem tu na seba veľký risk.
14:26
And so I'm going to invite you to take a risk with me.
342
851000
3000
A pozývam Vás, aby ste sa ku mne pridali a riskovali so mnou.
14:29
These gentlemen here, they're insurgents.
343
854000
2000
Títo páni tu, sú povstalci.
14:31
They were caught by the American soldiers,
344
856000
2000
Boli prichytení Americkými vojakmi,
14:33
trying to kill Americans.
345
858000
2000
skúšajúc zabiť Američanov.
14:35
And maybe they succeeded. Maybe they succeeded.
346
860000
3000
A možno, že uspeli. Možno, že uspeli.
14:38
Put yourself in the shoes
347
863000
2000
Teraz sa obujte do bôt
14:40
of the Americans who caught them.
348
865000
4000
tých Američanov, ktorý ich chytili.
14:44
Can you feel the rage?
349
869000
2000
Cítite ten hnev?
14:46
Can you feel that you just want to take these guys
350
871000
2000
Cítite, že oni ich chcú iba schytiť a
14:48
and wring their necks?
351
873000
2000
vykrútiť im krky?
14:50
Can you go there?
352
875000
2000
Dokážete sa tam dostať?
14:52
It shouldn't be that difficult.
353
877000
2000
Nemalo by to byť tak ťažké.
14:54
You just -- oh, man.
354
879000
3000
Iba -- ach, no.
14:59
Now, put yourself in their shoes.
355
884000
4000
Teraz, obujte sa do ich bôt.
15:05
Are they brutal killers
356
890000
2000
Sú to brutálni zabijaci,
15:07
or patriotic defenders?
357
892000
3000
alebo obrancovia vlasti?
15:10
Which one?
358
895000
2000
Kto sú?
15:13
Can you feel their anger,
359
898000
3000
Dokážete cítiť ich zlosť,
15:16
their fear,
360
901000
2000
ich strach,
15:18
their rage
361
903000
2000
ich hnev
15:20
at what has happened in their country?
362
905000
2000
nad tým, čo sa stalo v ich krajine?
15:22
Can you imagine
363
907000
2000
Dokážete si predstaviť,
15:24
that maybe one of them in the morning
364
909000
3000
že si možno jeden z nich ráno
15:27
bent down to their child and hugged their child
365
912000
3000
kľakol k svojim deťom a objal ich
15:30
and said, "Dear, I'll be back later.
366
915000
4000
hovoriac "Zlatko, za chvíľu som späť.
15:34
I'm going out to defend your freedom, your lives.
367
919000
3000
Idem tam chrániť Vašu slobodu, Vaše životy.
15:37
I'm going out to look out for us,
368
922000
4000
Idem tam, aby som sa zaslúžil
15:41
the future of our country."
369
926000
2000
o budúcnosť našej krajiny."
15:43
Can you imagine that?
370
928000
2000
Dokážete si to predstaviť?
15:45
Can you imagine saying that?
371
930000
3000
Dokážete si ho predstaviť to hovoriť?
15:48
Can you go there?
372
933000
3000
Dokážete sa tam dostať?
15:52
What do you think they're feeling?
373
937000
3000
Čo si myslíte, že oni cítia?
16:02
You see, that's empathy.
374
947000
2000
Vidíte, to je empatia.
16:04
It's also understanding.
375
949000
3000
To je tiež porozumenie.
16:07
Now, you might ask,
376
952000
2000
Teraz sa možno pýtate,
16:09
"Okay, Sam, so why do you do this sort of thing?
377
954000
3000
"Dobre, Sam, prečo robíš takéto veci?
16:12
Why would you use this example of all examples?"
378
957000
2000
Prečo používaš tento príklad nad všetky ostatné?"
16:14
And I say, because ... because.
379
959000
3000
A ja odpoviem, lebo ... lebo.
16:17
You're allowed to hate these people.
380
962000
2000
Máte dovolené týchto ľudí nenávidieť.
16:19
You're allowed to just hate them
381
964000
3000
Môžete ich nenávidieť
16:22
with every fiber of your being.
382
967000
2000
každým kúskom svojho tela.
16:24
And if I can get you
383
969000
2000
A keď sa mi podarí
16:26
to step into their shoes
384
971000
2000
Vás dostať do ich bôt
16:28
and walk an inch,
385
973000
2000
a ujsť aspoň stopu,
16:30
one tiny inch,
386
975000
2000
jednu malú stopu,
16:32
then imagine the kind of sociological analysis
387
977000
3000
potom si predstavte také sociologické analýzy
16:35
that you can do in all other aspects of your life.
388
980000
4000
ktoré môžete urobiť vo všetkých Vašich životných vyhliadkach?
16:39
You can walk a mile
389
984000
2000
Dokážete pochopiť,
16:41
when it comes to understanding
390
986000
2000
keď príde na porozumenie
16:43
why that person's driving 40 miles per hour
391
988000
3000
toho, prečo ten človek ide 50 km/h
16:46
in the passing lane,
392
991000
3000
v predbiehacom pruhu,
16:49
or your teenage son,
393
994000
2000
alebo Vás tínedžerský syn,
16:51
or your neighbor who annoys you
394
996000
2000
alebo Váš sused, ktorý Vás irituje tým,
16:53
by cutting his lawn on Sunday mornings.
395
998000
2000
že musí sekať trávnik práve v nedelu ráno.
16:55
Whatever it is, you can go so far.
396
1000000
3000
Nech je to čokoľvek, dokážete sa dostať ďaleko.
16:58
And this is what I tell my students:
397
1003000
2000
A toto hovorievam svojím študentom:
17:00
step outside of your tiny, little world.
398
1005000
4000
vykroč zo svojho malilinkého sveta.
17:04
Step inside of the tiny, little world
399
1009000
2000
Vstúp do malilinkého sveta
17:06
of somebody else.
400
1011000
2000
niekoho druhého.
17:08
And then do it again and do it again and do it again.
401
1013000
4000
A potom znova a znova a znova.
17:12
And suddenly all these tiny, little worlds,
402
1017000
2000
A zrazu sa všetky tieto malilinké svety
17:14
they come together in this complex web.
403
1019000
2000
spoja dohromady v spletitej pavučine.
17:16
And they build a big, complex world.
404
1021000
3000
A vytvoria veľký a zložitý svet.
17:19
And suddenly, without realizing it,
405
1024000
2000
A zrazu, bez povšimnutia si toho,
17:21
you're seeing the world differently.
406
1026000
3000
Váš pohľad na svet sa zmenil.
17:24
Everything has changed.
407
1029000
2000
Všetko sa zmenilo.
17:26
Everything in your life has changed.
408
1031000
2000
Všetko vo Vašom živote sa zmenilo.
17:28
And that's, of course, what this is about.
409
1033000
3000
A to je, jasne to, o čom toto je.
17:31
Attend to other lives,
410
1036000
3000
Vnímajte iné životy,
17:34
other visions.
411
1039000
2000
iné pohľady.
17:36
Listen to other people,
412
1041000
2000
Počúvajte odlišných ľudí,
17:38
enlighten ourselves.
413
1043000
3000
osvieťme sa.
17:41
I'm not saying
414
1046000
2000
Nehovorím,
17:43
that I support the terrorists in Iraq,
415
1048000
2000
že podporujem teroristov v Iraku,
17:45
but as a sociologist,
416
1050000
2000
ale ako sociológ,
17:47
what I am saying
417
1052000
2000
tvrdím, že to o čom rozprávam,
17:49
is I understand.
418
1054000
3000
je to, čomu rozumiem.
17:53
And now perhaps -- perhaps -- you do too.
419
1058000
4000
A teraz, možno -- možno -- Vy tiež.
17:57
Thank you.
420
1062000
2000
Ďakujem.
17:59
(Applause)
421
1064000
2000
(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sam Richards - SociologistSam Richards is a sociologist and teacher of the largest race relations course in the US. He argues that empathy is the core of sociology.
Why you should listen
Identifying himself as "an iconoclast from Toledo, Ohio," and identified by David Horowitz as one of the "101 Most Dangerous Academics in America," Sam Richards is one of the most provocative, and popular, sociology teachers in the country. Every year 725 students at Penn State University take his course on race and ethnic relations, where he attacks, with humor and courage, questions most would choose to avoid.
He is also the founder of the World in Conversation project. Every year, more than 7,000 students participate in its mission is to create a conscious dialogue around the politically incorrect thoughts of the participants, bringing them out in the open for inspection.
Sam Richards | Speaker | TED.com