ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2016

Katie Hinde: What we don't know about mother's milk

Filmed:
1,413,994 views

Breast milk grows babies' bodies, fuels neurodevelopment, provides essential immunofactors and safeguards against famine and disease -- why, then, does science know more about tomatoes than mother's milk? Katie Hinde shares insights into this complex, life-giving substance and discusses the major gaps scientific research still needs to fill so we can better understand it.
- Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Have you ever heard the one
about how breastfeeding is free?
0
560
3159
00:17
(Laughter)
1
5266
1150
00:18
Yeah, it's pretty funny,
2
6440
2216
00:20
because it's only free if we don't value
women's time and energy.
3
8680
5080
00:27
Any mother can tell you
how much time and energy it takes
4
15120
4576
00:31
to liquify her body --
5
19720
1936
00:33
to literally dissolve herself --
6
21680
2536
00:36
(Laughter)
7
24240
1576
00:37
as she feeds this precious
little cannibal.
8
25840
2880
00:41
(Laughter)
9
29120
2216
00:43
Milk is why mammals suck.
10
31360
2320
00:47
At Arizona State University,
11
35400
1896
00:49
in the Comparative Lactation Lab,
12
37320
1936
00:51
I decode mothers' milk composition
13
39280
2776
00:54
to understand its complexity
14
42080
2976
00:57
and how it influences infant development.
15
45080
2400
01:00
The most important thing that I've learned
16
48720
2360
01:03
is that we do not do enough
to support mothers and babies.
17
51800
5120
01:09
And when we fail mothers and babies,
18
57720
2176
01:11
we fail everyone
who loves mothers and babies:
19
59920
3360
01:16
the fathers, the partners,
the grandparents, the aunties,
20
64080
3176
01:19
the friends and kin
that make our human social networks.
21
67280
4080
01:24
It's time that we abandon
simple solutions and simple slogans,
22
72480
4736
01:29
and grapple with the nuance.
23
77240
1720
01:32
I was very fortunate
24
80200
1576
01:33
to run smack-dab
into that nuance very early,
25
81800
3656
01:37
during my first interview
with a journalist
26
85480
2040
01:40
when she asked me,
27
88560
1296
01:41
"How long should a mother
breastfeed her baby?"
28
89880
3280
01:48
And it was that word "should"
that brought me up short,
29
96040
3880
01:52
because I will never tell a woman
what she should do with her body.
30
100640
4320
01:58
Babies survive and thrive
31
106800
1776
02:00
because their mother's milk
is food, medicine and signal.
32
108600
4656
02:05
For young infants,
33
113280
1216
02:06
mother's milk is a complete diet
34
114520
1936
02:08
that provides all the building
blocks for their bodies,
35
116480
2576
02:11
that shapes their brain
36
119080
1376
02:12
and fuels all of their activity.
37
120480
2160
02:15
Mother's milk also feeds the microbes
38
123360
2416
02:17
that are colonizing
the infant's intestinal tract.
39
125800
2440
02:20
Mothers aren't just eating for two,
40
128840
1696
02:22
they're eating for two to the trillions.
41
130560
2160
02:26
Milk provides immunofactors
that help fight pathogens
42
134560
3440
02:31
and mother's milk provides hormones
that signal to the infant's body.
43
139000
5000
02:36
But in recent decades,
44
144800
1496
02:38
we have come to take milk for granted.
45
146320
2136
02:40
We stopped seeing
something in plain sight.
46
148480
2976
02:43
We began to think of milk as standardized,
homogenized, pasteurized,
47
151480
5136
02:48
packaged, powdered,
flavored and formulated.
48
156640
2960
02:52
We abandoned the milk of human kindness
49
160680
2176
02:54
and turned our priorities elsewhere.
50
162880
2040
02:58
At the National Institutes of Health
51
166560
1736
03:00
in Washington DC
52
168320
1616
03:01
is the National Library of Medicine,
53
169960
1840
03:04
which contains 25 million articles --
54
172520
2736
03:07
the brain trust of life science
and biomedical research.
55
175280
4240
03:12
We can use keywords
to search that database,
56
180080
3376
03:15
and when we do that,
57
183480
1256
03:16
we discover nearly a million
articles about pregnancy,
58
184760
3080
03:20
but far fewer about
breast milk and lactation.
59
188640
3360
03:24
When we zoom in on the number of articles
just investigating breast milk,
60
192840
4000
03:29
we see that we know much more
about coffee, wine and tomatoes.
61
197480
4496
03:34
(Laughter)
62
202000
1200
03:36
We know over twice as much
about erectile dysfunction.
63
204520
3696
03:40
(Laughter)
64
208240
1520
03:44
I'm not saying we shouldn't
know about those things --
65
212240
2576
03:46
I'm a scientist, I think
we should know about everything.
66
214840
2696
03:49
But that we know so much less --
67
217560
2336
03:51
(Laughter)
68
219920
1776
03:53
about breast milk --
69
221720
1296
03:55
the first fluid a young mammal
is adapted to consume --
70
223040
2776
03:57
should make us angry.
71
225840
1360
03:59
Globally, nine out of 10 women will
have at least one child in her lifetime.
72
227960
4496
04:04
That means that nearly 130 million
babies are born each year.
73
232480
4456
04:08
These mothers and babies
deserve our best science.
74
236960
3120
04:13
Recent research has shown
that milk doesn't just grow the body,
75
241080
3656
04:16
it fuels behavior
and shapes neurodevelopment.
76
244760
3240
04:20
In 2015, researchers discovered
77
248800
3016
04:23
that the mixture of breast milk
and baby saliva --
78
251840
2976
04:26
specifically, baby saliva --
79
254840
2056
04:28
causes a chemical reaction
that produces hydrogen peroxide
80
256920
3816
04:32
that can kill staph and salmonella.
81
260760
1760
04:35
And from humans and other mammal species,
82
263880
2176
04:38
we're starting to understand
that the biological recipe of milk
83
266080
3416
04:41
can be different when produced
for sons or daughters.
84
269520
3120
04:45
When we reach for donor milk
in the neonatal intensive care unit,
85
273560
3616
04:49
or formula on the store shelf,
86
277200
1976
04:51
it's nearly one-size-fits-all.
87
279200
2320
04:53
We aren't thinking about how sons
and daughters may grow at different rates,
88
281960
4256
04:58
or different ways,
89
286240
1216
04:59
and that milk may be a part of that.
90
287480
1720
05:02
Mothers have gotten the message
91
290200
1936
05:04
and the vast majority of mothers
intend to breastfeed,
92
292160
3416
05:07
but many do not reach
their breastfeeding goals.
93
295600
2840
05:11
That is not their failure;
94
299520
2096
05:13
it's ours.
95
301640
1440
05:15
Increasingly common medical conditions
like obesity, endocrine disorders,
96
303760
4576
05:20
C-section and preterm births
97
308360
1616
05:22
all can disrupt the underlying
biology of lactation.
98
310000
2600
05:25
And many women do not have
knowledgeable clinical support.
99
313280
3720
05:29
Twenty-five years ago,
100
317520
1376
05:30
the World Health Organization
and UNICEF established criteria
101
318920
3856
05:34
for hospitals to be
considered baby friendly --
102
322800
2576
05:37
that provide the optimal level
of support for mother-infant bonding
103
325400
3816
05:41
and infant feeding.
104
329240
1320
05:43
Today, only one in five babies
in the United States
105
331480
3376
05:46
is born in a baby-friendly hospital.
106
334880
2160
05:51
This is a problem,
107
339200
1256
05:52
because mothers can grapple
with many problems
108
340480
2856
05:55
in the minutes, hours, days
and weeks of lactation.
109
343360
4056
05:59
They can have struggles
with establishing latch,
110
347440
2496
06:01
with pain,
111
349960
1216
06:03
with milk letdown
112
351200
1216
06:04
and perceptions of milk supply.
113
352440
1480
06:07
These mothers deserve
knowledgeable clinical staff
114
355000
4496
06:11
that understand these processes.
115
359520
2200
06:14
Mothers will call me as they're
grappling with these struggles,
116
362480
3520
06:18
crying with wobbly voices.
117
366880
2400
06:23
"It's not working.
118
371400
1200
06:25
This is what I'm supposed
to naturally be able to do.
119
373240
2656
06:27
Why is it not working?"
120
375920
1240
06:30
And just because something
is evolutionarily ancient
121
378240
2840
06:33
doesn't mean that it's easy
or that we're instantly good at it.
122
381840
2960
06:37
You know what else
is evolutionarily ancient?
123
385560
2656
06:40
(Laughter)
124
388240
2280
06:44
Sex.
125
392200
1296
06:45
And nobody expects us
to start out being good at it.
126
393520
2936
06:48
(Laughter)
127
396480
2160
06:51
Clinicians best deliver
quality equitable care
128
399480
4536
06:56
when they have continuing education
129
404040
2016
06:58
about how to best support
lactation and breastfeeding.
130
406080
3120
07:01
And in order to have
that continuing education,
131
409840
2216
07:04
we need to anchor it
to cutting-edge research
132
412080
2136
07:06
in both the life sciences
and the social sciences,
133
414240
3496
07:09
because we need to recognize
134
417760
1696
07:11
that too often
135
419480
1280
07:13
historical traumas and implicit biases
136
421640
3416
07:17
sit in the space between
a new mother and her clinician.
137
425080
3520
07:21
The body is political.
138
429680
1600
07:24
If our breastfeeding support
is not intersectional,
139
432760
3696
07:28
it's not good enough.
140
436480
1880
07:31
And for moms who have to return for work,
141
439120
2976
07:34
because countries like the United States
do not provide paid parental leave,
142
442120
5016
07:39
they can have to go back in as short
as just a few days after giving birth.
143
447160
4160
07:44
How do we optimize
mother and infant health
144
452400
3336
07:47
just by messaging
about breast milk to moms
145
455760
3336
07:51
without providing
the institutional support
146
459120
2776
07:53
that facilitates
that mother-infant bonding
147
461920
2656
07:56
to support breastfeeding?
148
464600
1440
07:58
The answer is: we can't.
149
466680
2000
08:03
I'm talking to you, legislators,
150
471000
2456
08:05
and the voters who elect them.
151
473480
1936
08:07
I'm talking to you, job creators
and collective bargaining units,
152
475440
4696
08:12
and workers, and shareholders.
153
480160
2160
08:15
We all have a stake
in the public health of our community,
154
483360
3936
08:19
and we all have a role
to play in achieving it.
155
487320
2960
08:23
Breast milk is a part
of improving human health.
156
491200
3080
08:27
In the NICU, when infants are born
early or sick or injured,
157
495000
4016
08:31
milk or bioactive constituents in milk
can be critically important.
158
499040
3720
08:35
Environments or ecologies,
159
503360
1416
08:36
or communities where there's
high risk of infectious disease,
160
504800
3216
08:40
breast milk can be incredibly protective.
161
508040
2456
08:42
Where there are emergencies
like storms and earthquakes,
162
510520
3615
08:46
when the electricity goes out,
163
514159
1496
08:47
when safe water is not available,
164
515679
1976
08:49
breast milk can keep babies
fed and hydrated.
165
517679
2801
08:54
And in the context of humanitarian crises,
166
522360
2696
08:57
like Syrian mothers fleeing war zones,
167
525080
2200
09:00
the smallest drops can buffer babies
from the biggest global challenges.
168
528240
5520
09:07
But understanding breast milk
is not just about messaging to mothers
169
535480
4736
09:12
and policy makers.
170
540240
1520
09:14
It's also about understanding
what is important in breast milk
171
542080
3096
09:17
so that we can deliver better formulas
172
545200
2776
09:20
to moms who cannot or do not
breastfeed for whatever reason.
173
548000
3800
09:24
We can all do a better job
174
552440
1816
09:26
of supporting the diversity
of moms raising their babies
175
554280
3296
09:29
in a diversity of ways.
176
557600
1720
09:32
As women around the world struggle
177
560680
1856
09:34
to achieve political,
social and economic equality,
178
562560
3656
09:38
we must reimagine motherhood
179
566240
2536
09:40
as not the central,
core aspect of womanhood,
180
568800
5216
09:46
but one of the many potential facets
of what makes women awesome.
181
574040
4480
09:51
It's time.
182
579080
1200
09:53
(Applause)
183
581040
5403

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Katie Hinde - Lactation researcher
Katie Hinde is studying breast milk’s status as the first superfood, providing babies with invaluable microbes custom-tailored to their individual needs, via an incredible and unlikely dialogue between the mother’s enzymes and the baby’s saliva.

Why you should listen

Did you know mother's milk is older than dinosaurs? Or that the "biological recipe" of milk differs for sons and daughters? Or that milk doesn't just build babies but fuels them too? Mother's milk is the food, medicine and message that organize a baby's brain, body and behavior. What we take for granted in the grocery store dairy aisle has been shaped by hundreds of millions of years of natural selection. As scientists decode the mysteries of milk, we gain essential new tools for human health and well-being.

Scientist, writer and advocate, Katie Hinde, PhD, explores the dynamic interactions between mothers, milk, and infants. Author of dozens of essays and academic articles, Hinde situates her work at the intersection of the life sciences and social sciences to inform parents, clinicians and policy-makers about institutional and inter-personal support of mothers and babies. Hinde co-authored the book Building Babies and founded the science outreach blog, "Mammals Suck…Milk!"

Hinde earned a PhD in Anthropology at UCLA, completed post-doctoral training in neuroscience at the California National Primate Research Center, and then launched her faculty career in the Department of Human Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University. Now an Associate Professor, Hinde is the Director of the Comparative Lactation Lab in the Center for Evolution and Medicine and the School of Human Evolution and Social Change at Arizona State University.

Described as "The Milk Maven" in the inaugural Grist 50 list of "innovators, organizers and visionaries who will lead us toward a more sustainable future," Hinde's work was highlighted for tackling social justice in health and research. From considering how milk feeds microbes to researching how milk shapes infant behavior , her research has been featured in the New York Times, National Geographic, La Presse, Wall Street Journal, Quartz and more. Hinde has been recognized with Early Career Awards from the International Society for Research in Human Milk and Lactation and the American Society of Primatologists for making outstanding, original contributions to these fields as a young investigator.

Importantly, Hinde is dedicated to science outreach and building enthusiasm for animals, ecology and behavior. In 2013, Hinde created the annual March Mammal Madness, a month-long science outreach extravaganza that is used in hundreds of classrooms described by Deadspin Deputy Editor Barry Petchesky as "the only bracket you need."

Understanding milk can directly translate to more personalized clinical recommendations and health optimization for mothers and their infants as well as substantiate the importance of infrastructure and institutional support for breastfeeding. Further, identifying the composition and function of milk informs the formulation of more representative artificial breast milk for those mothers facing obstacles or contraindications to breastfeeding. Lastly, decoding mother's milk will allow for enhanced precision medicine for the most fragile infants and children in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Such integrative approaches to mother's milk take discoveries at the bench to applications at the bedside.

More profile about the speaker
Katie Hinde | Speaker | TED.com

Data provided by TED.

This site was created in May 2015 and the last update was on January 12, 2020. It will no longer be updated.

We are currently creating a new site called "eng.lish.video" and would be grateful if you could access it.

If you have any questions or suggestions, please feel free to write comments in your language on the contact form.

Privacy Policy

Developer's Blog

Buy Me A Coffee