Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
گرگ گیج: آزمایش الکتریکی با گیاهانی که میشمارند و ارتباط برقرار میکنند
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
مغزهای حیات خلوت هستم،
the next generation of neuroscientists
neuroscience research equipment
in middle schools and high schools.
و دبیرستان قرار دادن آنها است.
about the brain, which is very complex,
درباره مغز که بسیار پیچیده است،
question about neuroscience,
درباره عصبشناسی از آنهاست،
that their cat or dog has a brain,
گربه یا سگشان مغز دارند،
or even a small insect has a brain,
و حتی حشرههای کوچک هم مغز دارند،
that a plant or a tree
که یک گیاه یا یک درخت
help describe a little bit
living things have brains versus not?"
زنده مغز داشته باشند یا نداشته باشند؟"
with the classification
because it is electrical.
چون الکتریکی است.
to stimuli in the world
به محرکهای خارجی واکنش نشان دهیم،
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
شما میگویید گیاهان مغز ندارند،
"But that's a slow movement.
"اما آن حرکت آهسته است.
That could be a chemical process."
میتواند یک فرآیند شیمیایی باشد."
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
حاکم سلطنتی کارولینای شمالی،
مگسی در میان آن میافتاد
it made its way over to Europe,
got to study this plant,
فرصت مطالعه این گیاه را پیدا کرد،
plant in the world.
شگفتانگیزترین گیاه دنیا نامید.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
تا به شما بگویم
about this plant.
نکته درباره این گیاه نیست.
is that the plant can count.
که این گیاه میتواند بشمارد.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
که سر کلاس با دانشآموزان انجام میدهیم.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
الکتروفیزیولوژی انجام دهیم،
of the body's electrical signal,
or from muscles.
here on my wrists.
or the electrocardiogram.
ثبت ضربان قلب به وسیله برق) نام دارد.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
پتانسیل فعالیت را فعال میکنند،
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
به سرعت بالا و پایین میرود،
the signal that you see here.
که اینجا میبینید را ایجاد میکند..
of what we'll be looking at right here,
که اینجا خواهید دید را به خاطر بسپارید،
encodes information
اطلاعات توسط مغز است
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
و جنوبی یافت میشود،
I'm going to show you
در اینجا دست بزنید،
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
برای گیاهخواران میکاهد.
Now, that's interesting.
خوب، این جالب است.
آزمایشی انجام دهیم.
the electrical potential from my body,
الکتریکی بدنم را اندازه گرفتم،
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
این میموسا را اندازه بگیریم.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
که سیمی دور شاخه تابیدهایم
engineering joke. Alright.
یه جوک مهندسی الکترونیک بود. خیلی خوب.
and tap the leaf here,
به این برگ ضربه بزنم،
at the electrical recording
I've got to scale it down.
باید مقیاس را بزرگتر کنم.
that is happening inside the plant.
که درون گیاه در حال به وقوع پیوستن است.
to the end of the stem,
we would move our muscles,
ما ماهیچههایمان را حرکت میدهیم،
it opens up, releases the water,
باز میشود و آب را آزاد میکند،
and the leaf falls.
encoding information to move. Alright?
که اطلاعات حرکت را رمزگذاری میکند. خوب؟
the Venus flytrap here,
at what happens inside the leaf
نگاهی خواهیم انداخت.
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
یک پتانسیل فعالیت زیبا.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
درباره رفتار مگسخوار بدانیم.
a long time to open the traps back up --
تا دوباره تله باز شود --
if there's no fly inside of it.
۲۴ تا ۴۸ ساعت طول میکشد.
that many flies throughout the year.
پشه زیادی بخورد.
most of its energy from the sun.
بیشتر انرژیاش را از خورشید میگیرد.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
به جای خاک از مگس تأمین کند.
a handful of times
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
touching of those hairs.
آن موها را میشمارد.
that there's a high probability,
که اگر با احتمال زیاد
that it's going to be clicked together,
action potential,
پتانسیل فعالیت را دریافت میکند،
and it doesn't fire again,
then the flytrap will close.
مگسخوار بسته خواهد شد.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
when I touch the hair a second time.
دوباره لمس میکنم چه اتفاقی میافتد.
We get a second action potential,
یک پتانسیل فعالیت دیگر میگیریم،
که به اطراف حرکت میکند،
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
که درواقع در حال شمارش است.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
مگسی داخل تله هست یا نه،
هیچ نورونی نیست.
what the Tigers' score is.
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
چیزی بسیار شبیه به ماست،
to communicate using electricity.
به وسیله الکتریسیته است.
different ions than we do,
کمی متفاوت با ما استفاده میکند،
of these action potentials,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
در انسان مشاهده کردیم.
information is passed.
که تمام اطلاعات حرکت میکنند.
is we can use those action potentials
که میتوانیم از آن پتانسیلهای فعالیت
plant-to-plant communicator,
درون گونهایِ گیاه به گیاه ماست،
is we've created a brand new experiment
که آزمایشی کاملاً جدید ترتیب دادهایم
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
از ونوس مگسخوار ضبط میکنیم،
into the sensitive mimosa.
دست میزنم را یادآوری کنم.
that are sending that information
of an action potential.
به پایین میفرستند.
از ونوس مگسخوار بگیریم
from the Venus flytrap
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
about touch from one plant to another.
از گیاهی به گیاه دیگر انتقال میدهیم.
something about plants today,
درباره گیاهان چیز یاد گرفته باشید،
to help teach neuroscience
از گیاهان برای آموزش عصبشناسی
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com