Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Ґреґ Гейдж: Електричні експерименти з рослинами, які рахують і спілкуються
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
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the next generation of neuroscientists
покоління нейробіологів
neuroscience research equipment
in middle schools and high schools.
у середній та старшій школі.
about the brain, which is very complex,
про мозок, що є дуже складним,
question about neuroscience,
питання із нейробіологіі:
that their cat or dog has a brain,
що їх кіт чи собака має мозок,
or even a small insect has a brain,
маленька комаха має мозок,
that a plant or a tree
що рослина чи дерево,
help describe a little bit
living things have brains versus not?"
мають мозок, а інші - ні?»
with the classification
до класифікування,
частіше мають мозок.
тому, що вона електрична.
because it is electrical.
to stimuli in the world
реагувати на стимули середовища
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
"But that's a slow movement.
That could be a chemical process."
Це може бути хімічний процес.»
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
губернатор Північної Кароліни,
it made its way over to Europe,
вона потрапила до Європи,
got to study this plant,
почав вивчати цю рослину,
plant in the world.
рослиною в світі.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
about this plant.
стосовно цієї рослини.
is that the plant can count.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
з учнями в аудиторіі.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
з електрофізіології,
of the body's electrical signal,
електричних сигналів тіла,
or from muscles.
here on my wrists.
or the electrocardiogram.
або електрокардіограма.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
називається потенціалом дії,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
це швидкий рух вгору та вниз,
the signal that you see here.
сигнал, який ви бачите тут.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
того, що ми побачимо тут,
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
познайомити вас з мімозою,
(мімоза сором‘язлива),
in Central America and South America,
у Цениральній та Південній Америці,
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
це відлякування комах
Now, that's interesting.
і дізнатися.
the electrical potential from my body,
потенціал свого тіла,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
потенціал мімози.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
навколо стебла,
engineering joke. Alright.
and tap the leaf here,
at the electrical recording
на електричний запис,
I've got to scale it down.
треба масштабувати.
that is happening inside the plant.
всередині рослини.
тактильних рецепторів,
to the end of the stem,
до самого кінця стебла,
we would move our muscles,
відкривається, вивільняє воду,
it opens up, releases the water,
and the leaf falls.
encoding information to move. Alright?
шифрує інформацію руху. Добре?
the Venus flytrap here,
друга, Венериноі мухоловки,
at what happens inside the leaf
всередині листа,
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
це - волоски-ініціатори.
one of the hairs right now.
прекрасний потенціал дії.
a beautiful action potential.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
про поведінку мухоловки.
a long time to open the traps back up --
того, щоб відкрити пастку знов -
if there's no fly inside of it.
всередині немає мухи.
that many flies throughout the year.
багато мух протягом року.
більшість енергії від сонця.
most of its energy from the sun.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
деяких поживних речовин з ґрунту.
a handful of times
пастку лише кілька разів,
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
перед тим, як закритися.
touching of those hairs.
вирогідність того,
that there's a high probability,
that it's going to be clicked together,
перший потенціал дії,
action potential,
один, два,
і повторного стимулу немає,
and it doesn't fire again,
то мухоловка закриється.
then the flytrap will close.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
коли я доторкнусь до волоска вдруге.
when I touch the hair a second time.
We get a second action potential,
другий потенціал дії,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
насправді робила розрахунки.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
what the Tigers' score is.
бейсбольної команди Тигрів
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
to communicate using electricity.
використовуючи електрику.
different ions than we do,
трохи інші йони, ніж ми,
of these action potentials,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
це використовувати ці потенціали діі,
plant-to-plant communicator,
міжрослинний комунікатор,
is we've created a brand new experiment
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
Венериної мухоловки
into the sensitive mimosa.
що відбувається,
that are sending that information
що передають цю інформацію
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
Венериноі мухоловки
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
передам сигнал мімозі,
of the Venus flytrap.
Венериної мухоловки.
about touch from one plant to another.
від однієї рослини до іншої.
something about plants today,
щось нове про рослини,
стати у нагоді для навчання нейробіологіі
to help teach neuroscience
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com