Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Experiências elétricas com plantas que contam e comunicam
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the next generation of neuroscientists
geração de neurocientistas
neuroscience research equipment
de investigação de ciências neurológicas
in middle schools and high schools.
do ensino básico e secundário.
about the brain, which is very complex,
no cérebro, que é muito complexo,
question about neuroscience,
sobre neurociência, que é:
that their cat or dog has a brain,
cão ou o seu gato têm cérebro,
or even a small insect has a brain,
o pequeno inseto tem cérebro,
that a plant or a tree
que uma planta ou uma árvore
help describe a little bit
a descrever um pouco
living things have brains versus not?"
têm cérebro e as outras coisas não têm?"
with the classification
com a classificação
costumam ter cérebro.
because it is electrical.
porque é elétrico.
to stimuli in the world
aos estímulos do mundo
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
não têm cérebro,
"But that's a slow movement.
"Mas é um movimento lento.
That could be a chemical process."
pode ser um processo químico."
que se movem depressa?
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
o governador real da Carolina do Norte,
it made its way over to Europe,
já se encontrava na Europa,
got to study this plant,
acabou por estudá-la.
plant in the world.
mais espantosa do mundo
that was an evolutionary wonder.
uma maravilha da evolução.
about this plant.
o mais espetacular desta planta.
is that the plant can count.
esta planta sabe contar.
out of the way.
por um certo vocabulário.
in the classroom with students.
com os alunos na sala de aula.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
em eletrofisiologia
of the body's electrical signal,
do sinal elétrico do corpo,
or from muscles.
ou dos músculos.
here on my wrists.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
no meu coração
what's called action potentials,
"potenciais de ação"
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
para cima e para baixo
the signal that you see here.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
da forma que vamos observar aqui
codifica as informações
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
na América Central e na América do Sul
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
será afugentar os insetos
para os herbívoros.
Now, that's interesting.
É interessante.
para descobrir.
the electrical potential from my body,
o potencial elétrico do meu corpo,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
desta planta, desta mimosa.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
engineering joke. Alright.
and tap the leaf here,
at the electrical recording
I've got to scale it down.
that is happening inside the plant.
que ocorre dentro da planta.
nos recetores de tacto,
to the end of the stem,
we would move our muscles,
nós movemos os músculos,
it opens up, releases the water,
elas abrem-se, libertam a água.
and the leaf falls.
encoding information to move. Alright?
a codificar informações para o movimento.
the Venus flytrap here,
a Vénus-papa-moscas.
at what happens inside the leaf
no interior da folha,
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
no interior da folha,
and those are trigger hairs.
— são pelos de estímulo.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
Um belo potencial de ação.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
quanto ao comportamento desta armadilha.
a long time to open the traps back up --
para a armadilha se abrir,
if there's no fly inside of it.
sem qualquer mosca lá dentro.
that many flies throughout the year.
muitas moscas, durante o ano.
a maior parte da energia do Sol.
most of its energy from the sun.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
alguns nutrientes do solo com moscas.
a handful of times
meia dúzia de vezes
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
antes de a armadilha se fechar.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
that it's going to be clicked together,
e então vão-se fechar rapidamente.
o primeiro potencial de ação,
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
e não houver uma nova descarga,
then the flytrap will close.
a armadilha fechar-se-á.
na Vénus apanha-moscas.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
when I touch the hair a second time.
quando toco no pelo pela segunda vez.
We get a second action potential,
mas a folha continua a não se fechar.
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
uma mosca no interior da armadilha
what the Tigers' score is.
qual a pontuação dos Tigers.
self-actualization problems.
muito parecida connosco,
is something that's very similar to us,
to communicate using electricity.
de comunicar, usando a eletricidade.
diferentes dos nossos,
different ions than we do,
of these action potentials,
potenciais de ação,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
num ser humano.
information is passed.
todas as informações.
is we can use those action potentials
estes potenciais de ação
plant-to-plant communicator,
entre espécies de plantas diferentes.
is we've created a brand new experiment
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
de ação duma Vénus-papa-moscas
into the sensitive mimosa.
para a sensível mimosa.
that are sending that information
que enviam essas informações
dum potencial de ação.
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
da Vénus-papa-moscas
all the stems of the mimosa?
todos os caules da mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
o comportamento das mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
da Vénus-papa-moscas.
about touch from one plant to another.
sobre o toque, de uma planta para a outra.
something about plants today,
qualquer coisa sobre plantas
para ensinar neurociência
to help teach neuroscience
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com