Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Elektriniai eksperimentai su augalais, kurie skaičiuoja ir komunikuoja
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the next generation of neuroscientists
kartos neuromokslininkus
neuroscience research equipment
tyrimuose naudojamą įrangą
in middle schools and high schools.
vidurinėse mokyklose.
about the brain, which is very complex,
kurios, beje, yra labai sudėtingos,
question about neuroscience,
klausimo apie neuromokslą
that their cat or dog has a brain,
jog jų katė ar šuo turi smegenis,
or even a small insect has a brain,
ar net mažas vabzdys turi smegenis,
that a plant or a tree
augalas ar medis,
help describe a little bit
truputį daugiau paaiškinti
living things have brains versus not?"
sutvėrimas turės smegenis, o kuris ne?“
with the classification
turi smegenis.
because it is electrical.
nes ji yra elektrinė.
to stimuli in the world
dirgiklius reaguojame greitai,
and push back on a student,
paspausti mokinį:
you say that plants don't have brains,
neturi smegenų,
"But that's a slow movement.
„Bet tai lėtas judesys.
That could be a chemical process."
Tai gali būti cheminis procesas.“
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
Šiaurės Karolinos gubernatorius,
staiga užsidaro,
it made its way over to Europe,
jis perkeliavo Europą,
got to study this plant,
ėmė tyrinėti šį augalą
plant in the world.
augalu pasaulyje.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
evoliucijos stebuklas.
kas taip pat reta.
about this plant.
augalo savybės.
is that the plant can count.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
darome klasėje su mokiniais.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
eksperimentą,
of the body's electrical signal,
kūno elekrinius signalus,
or from muscles.
arba raumenų.
here on my wrists.
ant riešų.
pasirodyti pažįstamas.
or the electrocardiogram.
arba elektrokardiograma.
from neurons in my heart
į mano širdį,
what's called action potentials,
vadinamuosius, elektrinius potencialus.
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
dėl ko greitai judėdamas aukštyn žemyn,
the signal that you see here.
kurį matote čia,
of what we'll be looking at right here,
kurią čia matote,
encodes information
kaip smegenys šifruoja informaciją
introduce you to the mimosa,
mimozą,
in Central America and South America,
Centrinėje ir Pietų Amerikoje,
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
jog taip jis atbaido vabzdžius
žolėdžiams.
Now, that's interesting.
Tai įdomu.
padaryti eksperimentą.
the electrical potential from my body,
kūno elektrinį potencialą,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
su šiuo augalu, mimoza.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
apsuksime laidą aplink stirbą,
engineering joke. Alright.
Tai elektros inžinerijos pokštas. Gerai.
and tap the leaf here,
paliesiu lapą štai čia,
at the electrical recording
į impulso įrašą,
I've got to scale it down.
turiu jį sumažinti.
that is happening inside the plant.
kuris sklinda augalo viduje.
Taip?
lietimo receptorius,
to the end of the stem,
iki pat stiebo pabaigos,
we would move our muscles,
mes judinam raumenis,
it opens up, releases the water,
jos atsidaro ir išleidžia vandenį,
and the leaf falls.
Tuomet lapas nusvyra.
encoding information to move. Alright?
užkoduotą judesio informaciją. Taip?
the Venus flytrap here,
musėkauto
at what happens inside the leaf
lapo viduje,
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
jūs pastebėsite,
and those are trigger hairs.
tai iššaukimo plaukeliai.
one of the hairs right now.
Vienas, du, trys.
a beautiful action potential.
Puikų elektrinį potencialą.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
apie musėkauto elgseną.
a long time to open the traps back up --
vėl paruošti spąstus.
if there's no fly inside of it.
jei musės nėra viduje.
that many flies throughout the year.
per metus.
most of its energy from the sun.
energijos gaunama iš saulės
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
kurių trūksta žemėje.
a handful of times
tik keletą kartų
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
jog viduje maistas.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
that it's going to be clicked together,
kuri bus uždaryta,
action potential,
and it doesn't fire again,
o antro potencialo nėra,
then the flytrap will close.
jie užsidaro.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
20 sekundžių,
when I touch the hair a second time.
kai paliesiu plaukelį antrą kartą.
We get a second action potential,
Gauname antrą elektrinį potencialą,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
atliekant skaičiavimus.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
ar viduje yra musė,
what the Tigers' score is.
kiek „Tigrai“ turi taškų.
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
yra labai panašu mumyse,
to communicate using electricity.
naudojant elektrą.
different ions than we do,
jonus, nei mes,
of these action potentials,
potential in the mimosa.
mimozoje.
an action potential in a human.
žmoguje.
information is passed.
visa informacija.
is we can use those action potentials
tai naudoti elektrinius potencialus
plant-to-plant communicator,
augalų komunikatorius,
is we've created a brand new experiment
tai sukūrėme visiškai naują eksperimentą,
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
musėkauto elektrinį potencialą
into the sensitive mimosa.
kas nutiks,
that are sending that information
kurie siunčia informaciją
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
all the stems of the mimosa?
the behavior of the mimosas
and trigger this mimosa right now
of the Venus flytrap.
about touch from one plant to another.
lietimą, iš vieno augalo į kitą.
something about plants today,
apie augalus,
to help teach neuroscience
naudojami neoromokslo mokymui,
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com