Greg Gage: Electrical experiments with plants that count and communicate
Greg Gage: Experimentos elétricos com plantas que contam e se comunicam
TED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
the next generation of neuroscientists
a próxima geração de neurocientistas,
neuroscience research equipment
neurocientífica da universidade
in middle schools and high schools.
e nos últimos anos do ensino fundamental.
about the brain, which is very complex,
sobre o cérebro, o que é muito complexo,
question about neuroscience,
sobre neurociência:
that their cat or dog has a brain,
que seu gato ou cachorro têm um cérebro,
or even a small insect has a brain,
ou mesmo um pequeno inseto têm um cérebro,
that a plant or a tree
que uma planta, uma árvore
help describe a little bit
a descrever um pouco
então você vai além e diz:
tenham ou não um cérebro?"
living things have brains versus not?"
with the classification
com a classificação
tendem a ter cérebros.
because it is electrical.
porque ele é elétrico, é rápido.
to stimuli in the world
aos estímulos e nos movermos,
com um estudante e dizer:
and push back on a student,
you say that plants don't have brains,
cérebro, mas elas se movem".
"Mas esse é um movimento lento.
"But that's a slow movement.
That could be a chemical process."
um processo químico".
the Royal Governor of North Carolina,
o governador real da Carolina do Norte,
que se fechava subitamente
caísse no meio dela.
de Vênus papa-moscas,
it made its way over to Europe,
ela foi parar na Europa,
got to study this plant,
Charles Darwin estudou-a.
plant in the world.
mais maravilhosa do mundo.
that was an evolutionary wonder.
não é a coisa mais legal dessa planta.
about this plant.
is that the plant can count.
out of the way.
in the classroom with students.
com os alunos na sala de aula.
an experiment on electrophysiology,
de eletrofisiologia,
of the body's electrical signal,
or from muscles.
here on my wrists.
eletrodos nos meus pulsos.
poderemos ver um sinal aqui na tela.
or the electrocardiogram.
from neurons in my heart
what's called action potentials,
de potencial de ação;
oscila rapidamente pra cima e pra baixo,
meaning it moves quickly up and down,
e isso causa o sinal que vocês veem aqui.
the signal that you see here.
of what we'll be looking at right here,
do que estamos vendo aqui,
codificar a informação
encodes information
introduce you to the mimosa,
para vocês a mimosa,
in Central America and South America,
na América Central e na América do Sul,
que vou mostrar a vocês
I'm going to show you
tend to curl up.
could be that it scares away insects
para afugentar os insetos
para os herbívoros.
Now, that's interesting.
Isso que é interessante.
the electrical potential from my body,
o potencial elétrico do meu corpo,
potential from this plant, this mimosa.
desta planta, desta dormideira.
is I've got a wire wrapped around the stem,
engineering joke. Alright.
de engenharia eletrônica. Tudo bem.
and tap the leaf here,
uma batidinha na folha,
o registro eletrônico
at the electrical recording
I've got to scale it down.
que reduzir a imagem.
that is happening inside the plant.
ocorrendo dentro da planta.
os receptores de toque,
to the end of the stem,
que faz com que ela se mova.
we would move our muscles,
isso moveria nossos músculos,
it opens up, releases the water,
elas se abrem, liberam a água,
and the leaf falls.
e as folhas murcham.
encoding information to move. Alright?
codificando informação para se mover.
the Venus flytrap here,
Vênus papa-moscas,
at what happens inside the leaf
no que acontece dentro da folha
to be a fly right now.
you're going to notice
and those are trigger hairs.
são os pelos de disparo.
one of the hairs right now.
a beautiful action potential.
potencial de ação.
about the behavior of the flytrap.
sobre o comportamento da papa-moscas.
para reabrir a armadilha,
a long time to open the traps back up --
if there's no fly inside of it.
uma mosca dentro dela.
that many flies throughout the year.
tantas moscas ao longo do ano.
most of its energy from the sun.
a maior parte da energia.
some nutrients in the ground with flies.
nutrientes do solo com as moscas.
a armadilha algumas vezes
a handful of times
to make really darn sure
before the flytrap snaps shut.
antes que a armadilha se feche.
touching of those hairs.
that there's a high probability,
de eles serem ativados juntos,
that it's going to be clicked together,
o primeiro potencial de ação,
action potential,
e, se chegar a 20 sem disparar de novo,
and it doesn't fire again,
então a armadilha se fecha.
then the flytrap will close.
the Venus flytrap again.
for more than 20 seconds.
quando toco o pelo uma segunda vez.
when I touch the hair a second time.
We get a second action potential,
the leaf a few times.
actually doing a computation.
a papa-moscas fazer um cálculo.
if there's a fly inside the trap,
se tem uma mosca na armadilha,
what the Tigers' score is.
self-actualization problems.
is something that's very similar to us,
muito similar ao que nós temos,
to communicate using electricity.
usando a eletricidade.
diferentes dos que usamos,
different ions than we do,
of these action potentials,
desses potenciais de ação,
potential in the mimosa.
an action potential in a human.
information is passed.
is we can use those action potentials
é usar esses potenciais de ação
plant-to-plant communicator,
interespécies planta a planta,
is we've created a brand new experiment
the action potential from a Venus flytrap,
de uma Vênus papa-moscas,
into the sensitive mimosa.
that are sending that information
que enviam essa informação
of an action potential.
from the Venus flytrap
da Vênus papa-moscas
all the stems of the mimosa?
as hastes da dormideira?
the behavior of the mimosas
o comportamento da dormideira
and trigger this mimosa right now
essa dormideira agora,
of the Venus flytrap.
about touch from one plant to another.
sobre toque de uma planta a outra.
something about plants today,
um pouco sobre plantas hoje,
usadas para ensinar neurociência
to help teach neuroscience
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Greg Gage - NeuroscientistTED Fellow Greg Gage helps kids investigate the neuroscience in their own backyards.
Why you should listen
As half of Backyard Brains, neuroscientist and engineer Greg Gage builds the SpikerBox -- a small rig that helps kids understand the electrical impulses that control the nervous system. He's passionate about helping students understand (viscerally) how our brains and our neurons work, because, as he said onstage at TED2012, we still know very little about how the brain works -- and we need to start inspiring kids early to want to know more.
Before becoming a neuroscientist, Gage worked as an electrical engineer making touchscreens. As he told the Huffington Post: "Scientific equipment in general is pretty expensive, but it's silly because before [getting my PhD in neuroscience] I was an electrical engineer, and you could see that you could make it yourself. So we started as a way to have fun, to show off to our colleagues, but we were also going into classrooms around that time and we thought, wouldn't it be cool if you could bring these gadgets with us so the stuff we were doing in advanced Ph.D. programs in neuroscience, you could also do in fifth grade?" His latest pieces of gear: the Roboroach, a cockroach fitted with an electric backpack that makes it turn on command, and BYB SmartScope, a smartphone-powered microscope.
Greg Gage | Speaker | TED.com