Antonio Donato Nobre: The magic of the Amazon: A river that flows invisibly all around us
אנטוניו דונטו נוברה: הקסם של האמזון: נהר בלתי נראה שזורם סביבנו
Antonio Donato Nobre researches the “ingenious systems” of the Amazon. His work illustrates the beautiful complexity of this region, as well as its fragility against a backdrop of climate change. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Sir Ken's memorable TED Talk,
הבלתי נשכחת של סר קן רובינסון,
of what he describes
of transport for the head,"
after these first two talks
שתי ההרצאות הראשונות האלו
who became a philosopher,
to talk about water.
do not match, right?
water in the Amazon,
of life. Fresh life.
although I'm carrying
this inspiration.
and that you'll spread the word.
השראה ושתפיצו את הרעיון.
to have vital gases exchanged
the storehouse of biodiversity.
על המחסן של הגיוון הביולוגי.
has more eyes than leaves."
"ליער יש יותר עיניים מעלים."
to show you something.
a different approach,
two initiatives here,
that's slightly materialistic,
that, in nature, there is
of the reality I'm going to show you.
של המציאות שאני עומד להראות לכם.
not about lungs,
-- לא על ריאות,
distributes fresh blood,
to be renewed.
the power of all these processes.
is the years passing in seconds.
What do you see?
for the world's climate.
taking place here.
moist air in gray,
אזורים לחים באפור,
resurgence in the Amazon.
עליה יוצאת דופן באמזון.
gush from the ground into the atmosphere
להתרומם מהאדמה לאטמוספירה
that it can be seen from space?
heated by magma,
שמחוממים על ידי מאגמה,
into the atmosphere.
unless I am wrong.
that plays the same role,
from the ground into the atmosphere.
של מים מהאדמה לאטמוספירה,
in the Amazon forest, 600 billion geysers.
600 מליון גייזרים.
an extraordinary sophistication.
כדי לבצע את התהליך הזה.
to transfer 1,000 liters of water
that is released by transpiration,
the largest river on Earth,
whole world and ends up in the oceans,
ומגיעים לאוקיינוסים,
of water a day in the Atlantic Ocean.
של מים לאוקיינוס האטלנטי.
and goes into the atmosphere
a power socket, an electric one,
metric tons of water in it,
הטונות האלו של מים בתוכו,
to have this water evaporated?
hydroelectric plant in the world.
ההידרו אלקטרי הגדול בעולם.
than 30 percent of the power
doing this for free.
providing environmental services.
שמספק שרותים סביבתיים.
what I call the paradox of chance,
שאני קורא לו פרדוקס ההזדמנות,
in the equatorial zone,
at 30 degrees north latitude,
hemisphere, the Atacama;
the Australian desert.
the Sahara, Sonoran, etc.
Cuiabá to Buenos Aires,
was supposed to be a desert.
I call it the paradox of chance.
that is different?
circulating in the landscape,
they drain the tissue of nature.
הם מנקזים את רקמת הטבע.
the tissues of nature
pumped by the green ocean —
על ידי האוקיינוס הירוק --
GDP comes from that area.
מגיע מהאזור הזה.
on this floating hotel,
the Negro River.
על פני כדור הארץ, נהר הנגרו.
but we are floating here,
invisible river running above us.
we used to have two seasons,
היו לנו שתי עונות,
and the even more humid season.
And it is not.
You see that I'm struggling here
שאנחנו נאבקים פה
from one side to the other.
are generating a series of discoveries,
and the wonder that we have,
and forms pretty few clouds;
ונוצרים עננים די מעטים;
but forms a lot of rain.
את אותו אויר נקי, אבל נוצר הרבה גשם.
and there is torrential rain.
which is the forest,
which is the atmosphere,
water and seeds,
and gives water back,
another function: the liver!
and radiation are combined
generous vitamin C in the form of gas,
ויטמין C בצורת גז,
on Earth, here in the Amazon,
על כדור הארץ, פה באמזון,
of this characteristic as well.
gets cleaned up from the excess of dust.
is cleaned by our airways.
מתנקה על ידי דרכי הנשימה שלנו.
from affecting the rainfall.
it stops raining,
which I told you about before,
into the atmosphere, like hormones,
כמו הורמונים,
as I've said, cleaning the air.
כמו שאמרתי, מנקים את האויר.
in a very simple way.
It will always be dry.
the opposite situation, a forest,
is much greater, because of the trees,
הרבה יותר חזק, בגלל העצים,
is sucked into the continent
was taken one month ago —
we're down there —
that flows into a canal.
that irrigates South America,
that have been recorded.
there hardly are any hurricanes.
אין כמעט הוריקנים.
the moisture into the continent
something a little different.
of these theories.
these processes before
is messed up.
that, yes, we can
in those other areas,
and she has a motto.
"Gardening back the biosphere,"
rebuilding ecosystems.
of a text by Davi Kopenawa,
of the Yanomami people,
there will be no more rain?
with a super computer,
conclusion, which he already knows!"
שהוא כבר יודע!?
have never deforested.
מעולם לא כרתו יערות.
I met him at another event and said,
בארוע אחר ואמרתי,
was destroyed, there'd be no more rain?"
לא יהיה יותר גשם?"
"The spirit of the forest told us."
that he already knows?"
absolutely critical hit me,
pointed out:
we don't register the information.
wouldn't like the idea —
את הרעיון הזה --
upside down.
החלל האבל לכיוון השני.
of the universe.
despite the droughts of the Negro River,
למרות הבצורות של נהר הנגרו,
and typhoons, etc.,
that we know of.
we live in every day,
since that's what we need.
מאחר שזה מה שאנחנו צריכים.
that I think I missed.
what I haven't seen.
with veneration and reverence,
and the spirits taught him.
so let's look into the forest.
אז בואו נביט לתוך היער.
into the bushes and get lost,
why they called it the green inferno.
למה הם קראו לו הגהנום הירוק.
of fungi, bacteria, etc.
בקטריות, ועוד.
of light years away from the Earth,
שנות אור מכדור הארץ,
to our newspapers everyday.
מביא לעיתונים שלנו כל יום.
in the forest,
the door to heaven,
את הדלת לגן עדן פתוחה,
because it's so beautiful.
technological competence of life,
בלתי נראית של החיים,
possibility of surviving on this planet,
Again, Hubble is there.
Why is it blue?
of the invisible humiliates
של הבלתי נראה משפילה
there is another side to it.
structures has a function.
it is not blue;
according to people who studied it,
לפי האנשים שחקרו אותו,
sophisticated crystals.
nothing like that at the time.
שום דבר כזה באותו הזמן.
to transmit —
times, talks about it: biomimetics.
דיברה על זה: ביומטריקה.
what is at the base of this capacity,
which is an internal wonder.
I won't talk much longer,
including myself,
micromachines in their body,
האלה בגוף שלנו,
in the Amazon forest:
than the number of stars in the sky.
ממספר הכוכבים בשמיים.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Antonio Donato Nobre - ScientistAntonio Donato Nobre researches the “ingenious systems” of the Amazon. His work illustrates the beautiful complexity of this region, as well as its fragility against a backdrop of climate change.
Why you should listen
Antonio Donato Nobre sees nature as a well-orchestrated symphony. A visiting scientist at Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (INPE) and a senior researcher at the National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), he studies the soil, hydrology and biochemistry of the Amazon, to learn more about the complex, interlocking systems of this geographical marvel. He seeks to understand the interactions between the forest and the atmosphere, and how "the sweat of the forest" runs in a stream overhead that carries moisture to other parts of South America and the world, playing a large role in climate stability. His study “El Futuro Climático de la Amazonía” synthesizes research on how human beings are affecting the delicate balance of this region, and the huge risk we run if we lose it.
Antonio Donato Nobre | Speaker | TED.com