TEDGlobal 2012
Ivan Krastev: Can democracy exist without trust?
Ivan Krastev: Može li demokracija postojati bez povjerenja?
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Pet velikih revolucija oblikovalo je političku kulturu tijekom posljednjih 50 godina, kaže teoretičar Ivan Krastev. On pokazuje kako je svaki korak naprijed -- od kulturne revolucije '60-ih do nedavnih otkrića u području neuroznanosti -- također potpomoglo urušavanju povjerenja u alate demokracije. Kako on kaže, "Ono što je bilo dobro također je pošlo po krivome." Može li demokracija preživjeti?
Ivan Krastev - Public intellectual
From his home base in Bulgaria, Ivan Krastev thinks about democracy -- and how to reframe it. Full bio
From his home base in Bulgaria, Ivan Krastev thinks about democracy -- and how to reframe it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
I'm afraid I'm one of those speakers
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Bojim se da sam jedan od onih govornika
00:19
you hope you're not going to meet at TED.
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za koje se nadate da nećete susresti na TED-u.
00:22
First, I don't have a mobile,
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Kao prvo, nemam mobitel,
00:23
so I'm on the safe side.
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tako da sam s te strane siguran.
00:25
Secondly, a political theorist
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Drugo, politički teoretičar
00:27
who's going to talk about the crisis of democracy
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koji namjerava govoriti o krizi demokracije
00:30
is probably not the most exciting topic you can think about.
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vjerojatno i nije najuzbudljivija tema koju možete zamisliti.
00:34
And plus, I'm not going to give you any answers.
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Poviše toga, neću vam davati nikakve odgovore.
00:36
I'm much more trying to add to some of the questions we're talking about.
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Prije pokušavam doprinijeti nekim pritanjima o kojima govorimo.
00:40
And one of the things that I want to question
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I jedna od stvari koju želim preispitati
00:42
is this very popular hope these days
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jest ova današnja vrlo popularna nada
00:45
that transparency and openness
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da transparentnost i otvorenost
00:47
can restore the trust in democratic institutions.
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mogu vratiti povjerenje u demokratske institucije.
00:51
There is one more reason for you to be suspicious about me.
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Postoji i jedan više razlog za vašu sumnjičavost prema meni.
00:55
You people, the Church of TED, are a very optimistic community.
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Vi ste, kao Crkva TED-a, vrlo optimistična zajednica.
00:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:01
Basically you believe in complexity, but not in ambiguity.
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U osnovi vjerujete u složenost, ali ne u dvosmislenost.
01:06
As you have been told, I'm Bulgarian.
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Kao što vam je rečeno, ja sam Bugarin.
01:09
And according to the surveys,
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A prema istraživanjima,
01:10
we are marked the most pessimistic people in the world.
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mi smo obilježeni kao najpesimističniji ljudi na svijetu.
01:14
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:16
The Economist magazine recently wrote an article
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Časopis "Economist" nedavno je objavio članak
01:19
covering one of the recent studies on happiness,
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o jednom od nedavnih istraživanja o sreći,
01:22
and the title was "The Happy, the Unhappy and the Bulgarians."
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a naslov je bio "Sretni, nesretni i Bugari."
01:27
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:28
So now when you know what to expect,
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Tako, sad kad znate što očekivati,
01:32
let's give you the story.
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evo slijedi i priča.
01:34
And this is a rainy election day in a small country --
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Kišni je izborni dan u jednoj maloj zemlji --
01:39
that can be my country, but could be also your country.
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koja bi mogla biti moja, ali također i vaša zemlja.
01:42
And because of the rain until four o'clock in the afternoon,
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I zbog kiše, sve do četiri sata poslijepodne
01:46
nobody went to the polling stations.
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nitko nije izlazio na birališta.
01:48
But then the rain stopped,
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Kiša je zatim prestala
01:50
people went to vote.
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i ljudi su otišli glasovati.
01:52
And when the votes had been counted,
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I kad su prebrojali glasove,
01:56
three-fourths of the people have voted with a blank ballot.
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tri četvrtine ljudi glasovalo je praznim glasačkim listićem.
02:03
The government and the opposition,
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I vlada i opozicija
02:05
they have been simply paralyzed.
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bili su jednostavno paralizirani.
02:08
Because you know what to do about the protests.
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Jer, znate što trebati učiniti u svezi prosvjeda.
02:10
You know who to arrest, who to negotiate with.
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Znate koga treba uhititi, s kim pregovarati.
02:12
But what to do about people who are voting with a blank ballot?
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Ali što učiniti s ljudima koji glasaju praznim glasačkim listićem?
02:18
So the government decided to have the elections once again.
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I tako je vlada odlučila još jednom raspisati izbore.
02:22
And this time even a greater number,
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Ovog puta čak je i veći broj,
02:24
83 percent of the people, voted with blank ballots.
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83% ljudi, glasovalo praznim glasačkim listićima.
02:30
Basically they went to the ballot boxes
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Jednostavno su došli na glasačka mjesta
02:32
to tell that they have nobody to vote for.
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poručiti da nemaju za koga glasati.
02:35
This is the opening of a beautiful novel by Jose Saramago
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Ovo je uvodnik u predivan roman Josea Saramaga
02:41
called "Seeing."
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pod nazivom "Viđenje".
02:42
But in my view it very well captures
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S mojeg gledišta on vrlo dobro opisuje
02:44
part of the problem that we have with democracy in Europe these days.
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dio problema kojeg danas imamo s demokracijom u Europi.
02:49
On one level nobody's questioning
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S jedne strane, nitko ne dovodi u pitanje
02:51
that democracy is the best form of government.
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demokraciju kao najbolji oblik vladavine.
02:55
Democracy is the only game in town.
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Demokracija je jedini pravi izbor.
02:58
The problem is that many people start to believe
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Problem je što mnogi ljudi počinju vjerovati
03:00
that it is not a game worth playing.
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da to nije igra koju se isplati igrati.
03:03
For the last 30 years, political scientists have observed
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Zadnjih 30 godina politički znanstvenici su promatrali
03:07
that there is a constant decline in electoral turnout,
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stalno opadanje izlaženja na izbore,
03:12
and the people who are least interested to vote
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te su ljudi koji su najmanje zainteresirani glasovati
03:16
are the people whom you expect are going to gain most out of voting.
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oni za koje bi očekivali da će dobiti najviše od glasovanja.
03:20
I mean the unemployed, the under-privileged.
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Mislim na nezaposlene, marginalizirane.
03:24
And this is a major issue.
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I to je suštinsko pitanje.
03:25
Because especially now with the economic crisis,
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Jer, posebice sada s ekonomskom krizom,
03:28
you can see that the trust in politics,
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možete primijetiti da je povjerenje u politiku,
03:31
that the trust in democratic institutions,
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povjerenje u demokratske institucije,
03:33
was really destroyed.
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zaista uništeno.
03:35
According to the latest survey being done by the European Commission,
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Prema zadnjem istraživanju od strane Europske komisije,
03:39
89 percent of the citizens of Europe believe that there is a growing gap
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89% građana Europe vjeruje u rastući rascjep
03:44
between the opinion of the policy-makers and the opinion of the public.
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između mišljenja kreatora politika i javnog mijenja.
03:50
Only 18 percent of Italians and 15 percent of Greeks
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Samo 18% Talijana i 15% Grka
03:54
believe that their vote matters.
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vjeruje da je njihov glas bitan.
03:57
Basically people start to understand that they can change governments,
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U biti, ljudi počinju razumijevati da mogu promijeniti vlade,
04:01
but they cannot change policies.
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ali ne mogu promijeniti politike.
04:04
And the question which I want to ask is the following:
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Pitanje koje želim postaviti je slijedeće:
04:06
How did it happen that we are living in societies
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Kako je došlo do toga da živimo u društvima
04:10
which are much freer than ever before --
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koja su mnogo slobodnija nego ikad prije --
04:13
we have more rights, we can travel easier,
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imamo više prava, možemo lakše putovati,
04:15
we have access to more information --
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imamo pristup većoj količini informacija --
04:18
at the same time that trust in our democratic institutions
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a u isto vrijeme povjerenje u naše demokratske institucije
04:21
basically has collapsed?
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se praktički urušilo?
04:24
So basically I want to ask:
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I tako, u biti želim vas pitati:
04:25
What went right and what went wrong in these 50 years
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što je bilo dobro, a što je pošlo krivo u ovih 50 godina
04:30
when we talk about democracy?
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kad govorimo o demokraciji?
04:32
And I'll start with what went right.
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Započet ću s onim što je bilo dobro.
04:36
And the first thing that went right was, of course,
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Prva stvar koja je išla u pravom smjeru jesu, naravno,
04:39
these five revolutions which, in my view,
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ovih pet revolucija koje su, s mojeg gledišta,
04:41
very much changed the way we're living and deepened our democratic experience.
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vrlo mnogo promijenile naš način življenja i produbile naše demokratsko iskustvo.
04:46
And the first was the cultural and social revolution of 1968 and 1970s,
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Prva je bila kulturna i socijalna revolucija 1968. i 1970-ih,
04:51
which put the individual at the center of politics.
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koja je postavila pojedinca u središte politike.
04:54
It was the human rights moment.
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Bilo je to vrijeme ljudskih prava.
04:56
Basically this was also a major outbreak, a culture of dissent,
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U biti, bio je to također i ključni proboj, kultura nezadovoljstva,
05:00
a culture of basically non-conformism,
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kultura praktičkog nekonformizma,
05:04
which was not known before.
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koja do tada nije bila poznata.
05:06
So I do believe that even things like that
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I tako, vjerujem da su čak i takve stvari
05:09
are very much the children of '68 --
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u značajnoj mjeri djeca '68. --
05:12
nevertheless that most of us had been even not born then.
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unatoč tome što većina nas tada čak nije bila ni rođena.
05:16
But after that you have the market revolution of the 1980s.
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Poslije toga uslijedila je tržišna revolucija 1980-ih.
05:19
And nevertheless that many people on the left try to hate it,
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I unatoč tome što su je mnogi s ljevice pokušali mrziti,
05:22
the truth is that it was very much the market revolution that sent the message:
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istina jest da je to u značajnoj mjeri bila tržišna revolucija koja je poslala poruku:
05:27
"The government does not know better."
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"Vlada ne zna bolje."
05:29
And you have more choice-driven societies.
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Od tada imate izborom-vođena društva.
05:31
And of course, you have 1989 -- the end of Communism, the end of the Cold War.
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I naravno, imate 1989. -- kraj komunizma, kraj Hladnog rata.
05:38
And it was the birth of the global world.
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Bilo je to rođenje globalnog svijeta.
05:40
And you have the Internet.
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Imate i Internet.
05:42
And this is not the audience to which I'm going to preach
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Vi niste publika kojoj trebam propovjedati o tome
05:45
to what extent the Internet empowered people.
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u kolikoj mjeri je Internet osnažio ljude.
05:48
It has changed the way we are communicating
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Promijenio je način na koji komuniciramo
05:51
and basically we are viewing politics.
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i praktično gledamo na politiku.
05:52
The very idea of political community totally has changed.
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I sama ideja političke zajednice se potpuno promijenila.
05:55
And I'm going to name one more revolution,
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Spomenut ću još jednu revoluciju,
05:58
and this is the revolution in brain sciences,
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a to je revolucija u neuroznanostima,
06:00
which totally changed the way
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koja je potpuno promijenila
06:01
we understand how people are making decisions.
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naše razumijevanje načina na koji ljudi donose odluke.
06:05
So this is what went right.
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Eto, to je ono što je bilo dobro.
06:08
But if we're going to see what went wrong,
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Međutim, ukoliko želimo vidjet što je pošlo po krivom,
06:10
we're going to end up with the same five revolutions.
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opet ćemo doći do istih pet revolucija.
06:14
Because first you have the 1960s and 1970s,
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Jer, prvo imate 1960-te i 1970-te,
06:17
cultural and social revolution,
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kulturnu i socijalnu revoluciju,
06:19
which in a certain way destroyed the idea of a collective purpose.
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koja je na određeni način uništila ideju kolektivne svrhe.
06:22
The very idea, all these collective nouns that we have been taught about --
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Samu ideju, sve ove skupne imenice o kojima su nas učili --
06:27
nation, class, family.
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nacija, klasa, obitelj.
06:30
We start to like divorcing, if we're married at all.
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Počelo nam se sviđati razvoditi se, ukoliko smo uopće i bili vjenčani.
06:33
All this was very much under attack.
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Sve je ovo bilo poprilično napadano.
06:36
And it is so difficult to engage people in politics
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I tako je teško uključiti ljude u politiku
06:40
when they believe that what really matters
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kad oni vjeruju da je ono što je zaista bitno
06:43
is where they personally stand.
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njihovo vlastito mišljenje.
06:45
And you have the market revolution of the 1980s
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Imate i tržišnu revoluciju 1980-ih
06:49
and the huge increase of inequality in societies.
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i ogroman rast nejednakosti u društvima.
06:55
Remember, until the 1970s,
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Zapamtite, sve do 1970-ih,
06:57
the spread of democracy has always been accompanied
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širenje demokracije je uvijek bilo popraćeno
07:01
by the decline of inequality.
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smanjenjem nejednakosti.
07:04
The more democratic our societies have been,
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Što su demokratičnijima naša društva postajala,
07:06
the more equal they have been becoming.
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postajala su sve jednakija.
07:10
Now we have the reverse tendency.
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Sad imamo obrnuti trend.
07:12
The spread of democracy now is very much accompanied
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Širenje demokracije je danas u velikoj mjeri popraćeno
07:15
by the increase in inequality.
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povećanjem nejednakosti.
07:17
And I find this very much disturbing
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I to je ono što nalazim vrlo uznemirujućim
07:20
when we're talking about what's going on right and wrong
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kad govorimo o onome što je dobro, a što loše
07:24
with democracy these days.
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u svezi s demokracijom danas.
07:26
And if you go to 1989 --
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A ukoliko se vratite u 1989. --
07:28
something that basically you don't expect that anybody's going to criticize --
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postoji nešto što praktički ne očekujete da će bilo tko kritizirati --
07:32
but many are going to tell you, "Listen, it was the end of the Cold War
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mnogi će vam reći: "Slušajte, kraj Hladnog rata je ono
07:36
that tore the social contract between the elites and the people in Western Europe."
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što je raskinulo društveni ugovor između elita i ljudi u Zapadnoj Europi."
07:41
When the Soviet Union was still there,
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Dok je još postajao Sovjetski savez,
07:43
the rich and the powerful, they needed the people,
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bogatima i moćnima narod je bio potreban,
07:46
because they feared them.
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jer su ga se plašili.
07:48
Now the elites basically have been liberated.
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Sada su elite praktički oslobođene.
07:52
They're very mobile. You cannot tax them.
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Vrlo su pokretljive. Ne možete ih oporezivati.
07:54
And basically they don't fear the people.
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I pratkično ne plaše se naroda.
07:56
So as a result of it, you have this very strange situation
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I tako, kao rezultat toga, imate ovu vrlo čudnu situaciju
07:59
in which the elites basically got out of the control of the voters.
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u kojoj su elite praktički izmakle kontroli glasača.
08:04
So this is not by accident
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I nije slučajno
08:05
that the voters are not interested to vote anymore.
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da glasači nisu više zainteresirani glasovati.
08:08
And when we talk about the Internet,
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A kad govorimo o Internetu,
08:10
yes, it's true, the Internet connected all of us,
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da, istina je, Intenet nas je sve povezao,
08:13
but we also know that the Internet created these echo chambers and political ghettos
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ali također znamo da je Internet stvorio i ove komore odjeka i političke getoe
08:20
in which for all your life you can stay with the political community you belong to.
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u kojima cijeli svoj život možete ostati u političkoj zajednici kojoj pripadate.
08:25
And it's becoming more and more difficult
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I postaje sve teže i teže
08:27
to understand the people who are not like you.
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razumjeti ljude koji nisu poput vas.
08:29
I know that many people here
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Znam da su mnogi ljudi ovdje
08:31
have been splendidly speaking about the digital world and the possibility for cooperation,
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izvrsno govorili o digitalnom svijetu i mogućnostima suradnje,
08:36
but [have you] seen what the digital world has done to American politics these days?
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ali vidite li što je taj digitalni svijet danas učinio američkoj politici?
08:40
This is also partly a result of the Internet revolution.
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Ovo je također dijelom rezultat internetske revolucije.
08:44
This is the other side of the things that we like.
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Ovo je druga strana onoga što nam se sviđa.
08:47
And when you go to the brain sciences,
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A kad uđemo u područje neuroznanosti,
08:49
what political consultants learned from the brain scientists
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ono što su politički konzultanti naučili od neuroznanstvenika
08:53
is don't talk to me about ideas anymore,
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da mi treba prestati govoriti o idejama,
08:56
don't talk to me about policy programs.
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i o političkim programima.
08:59
What really matters is basically to manipulate the emotions of the people.
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Ono što je zaista bitno je praktično manipulirati emocijama ljudi.
09:04
And you have this very strongly
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I ovo je toliko snažno prisutno,
09:06
to the extent that, even if you see when we talk about revolutions these days,
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do te mjere da čak i kad danas govorimo o revolucijama,
09:11
these revolutions are not named anymore around ideologies or ideas.
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ove revolucije ne nazivamo prema ideologijama ili idejama.
09:17
Before, revolutions used to have ideological names.
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Prije, revolucije su nosile ideološka imena.
09:19
They could be communist, they could be liberal,
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Mogle su biti komunističke, mogle su biti liberalne,
09:21
they could be fascist or Islamic.
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mogle su biti fašističke ili islamske.
09:23
Now the revolutions are called under the medium which is most used.
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Danas, revolucije se nazivaju prema mediju koji se najviše koristi.
09:27
You have Facebook revolutions, Twitter revolutions.
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Tako imamo Facebook revolucije, Twitter revolucije.
09:30
The content doesn't matter anymore, the problem is the media.
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Sadržaj više nije bitan, problem su mediji.
09:35
I'm saying this because one of my major points
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Govorim ovo jer je jedna od mojih glavnih poruka
09:37
is what went right is also what went wrong.
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to da je ono što je bilo dobro u isto vrijeme bilo i loše.
09:42
And when we're now trying to see how we can change the situation,
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I sad, kad pokušavamo vidjeti kako bismo mogli promijeniti situaciju,
09:46
when basically we're trying to see what can be done about democracy,
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kad praktično pokušavamo vidjeti što učiniti u svezi s demokracijom,
09:49
we should keep this ambiguity in mind.
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trebamo imati na umu ovu dvoznačnost.
09:51
Because probably some of the things that we love most
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Jer, vjerojatno će nam neke stvari koje najviše volimo
09:54
are going to be also the things that can hurt us most.
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u isto vrijeme biti i stvari koje nas najviše mogu povrijediti.
09:58
These days it's very popular to believe
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Danas je vrlo popularno vjerovati
10:01
that this push for transparency,
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da ovo potenciranje transparentnosti,
10:03
this kind of a combination between active citizens, new technologies
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ova nekakva kombinacija između aktivnih građana, novih tehnologija
10:09
and much more transparency-friendly legislation
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i još više transparentno-prijateljskog zakonodavstva
10:13
can restore trust in politics.
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može povratiti povjerenje u politiku.
10:16
You believe that when you have these new technologies and people who are ready to use this,
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Vjerujete da, kad imate ove nove tehnologije i ljude koji su ih spremni koristiti,
10:20
it can make it much more difficult for the governments to lie,
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to može znatno otežati vladi laganje,
10:24
it's going to be more difficult for them to steal
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bit će im mnogo teže krasti
10:26
and probably even going to be more difficult for them to kill.
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i vjerojatno će im čak biti teže i ubiti.
10:30
This is probably true.
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Ovo je vjerojatno točno.
10:32
But I do believe that we should be also very clear
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Međutim, ja vjerujem da nam treba također biti jasno
10:35
that now when we put the transparency at the center of politics
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da sad kad stavljamo transparentnost u središte politike
10:40
where the message is, "It's transparency, stupid."
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poruka postaje: "To je transparentnost, glupane."
10:44
Transparency is not about restoring trust in institutions.
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Transparentnost ne znači vraćanje povjerenja u institucije.
10:47
Transparency is politics' management of mistrust.
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Transparentnost je upravljanje nepovjerenjem od strane politike.
10:52
We are assuming that our societies are going to be based on mistrust.
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Mi pretpostavljamo da će naša društva biti temeljena na nepovjerenju.
10:57
And by the way, mistrust was always very important for democracy.
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I usput rečeno, nepovjerenje je uvijek vrlo važno za demokraciju.
10:59
This is why you have checks and balances.
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Zbog toga i imamo kontrole i rebalanse.
11:02
This is why basically you have all this creative mistrust
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I praktično zbog toga imate svo ovo kreativno nepovjerenje
11:06
between the representatives and those whom they represent.
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između predstavnika i onih koje predstavljaju.
11:09
But when politics is only management of mistrust,
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Međutim, kad se politika svodi samo na upravljenje nepovjerenjem,
11:14
then -- I'm very glad that "1984" has been mentioned --
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onda -- drago mi je što je spomenuta 1984. --
11:17
now we're going to have "1984" in reverse.
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sad ćemo imati 1984. obrnutim redoslijedom.
11:20
It's not going to be the Big Brother watching you,
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To neće biti Veliki brat koji vas gleda,
11:23
it's going to be we being the Big Brother
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nego ćemo mi biti Veliki brat
11:25
watching the political class.
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koji promatra političku klasu.
11:27
But is this the idea of a free society?
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Ali, je li ovo ideja slobodnog društva?
11:30
For example, can you imagine
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Primjerice, možete li zamisliti
11:32
that decent, civic, talented people are going to run for office
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da će se pristojni, građanski, nadareni ljudi natjecati za javnu službu
11:38
if they really do believe
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ukoliko zaista vjeruju
11:40
that politics is also about managing mistrust?
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da je politika također i upravljanje nepovjerenjem?
11:44
Are you not afraid with all these technologies
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Zar se ne plašite da će sve ove tehnologije
11:47
that are going to track down
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koje će ući u trag
11:49
any statement the politicians are going to make on certain issues,
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svakoj izjavi koju će političari izreći o određenim pitanjima,
11:52
are you not afraid that this is going to be a very strong signal to politicians
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zar se ne plašite da će to biti vrlo snažan signal političarima
11:56
to repeat their positions, even the very wrong positions,
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za ponavljanje svojih stajališta, čak i onih pogrešnih,
12:01
because consistency is going to be more important than common sense?
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jer će dosljednost biti mnogo važnija od zdravog razuma?
12:05
And the Americans who are in the room,
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A vi, ovdje nazočni Amerikanci,
12:06
are you not afraid that your presidents are going to govern
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zar se ne plašite da će vaši predsjednici vladati
12:09
on the basis of what they said in the primary elections?
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na osnovi onoga što su izjavili tijekom izborne kampanje?
12:13
I find this extremely important,
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Ovo nalazim iznimno važnim,
12:15
because democracy is about people changing their views
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jer demokracija podrazumijeva mijenjanje stajališta
12:19
based on rational arguments and discussions.
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na osnovi racionalnih argumenata i rasprave.
12:22
And we can lose this with the very noble idea
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A ovo možemo spriječiti s vrlo plemenitom idejom
12:25
to keep people accountable
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držanja ljudi odgovornima
12:27
for showing the people that we're not going to tolerate
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za slanje poruke da nećemo tolerirati
12:30
politicians the opportunism in politics.
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političarima oportunizam u politici.
12:33
So for me this is extremely important.
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I tako je to, po meni, iznimno važno.
12:35
And I do believe that when we're discussing politics these days,
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I ja zaista vjerujem da kad raspravljamo o politici danas,
12:38
probably it makes sense
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vjerojatno ima smisla
12:41
to look also at this type of a story.
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sagledati i ovu stranu priče.
12:44
But also don't forget, any unveiling is also veiling.
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Ali, također, nemojte zaboraviti, svako otkrivanje je u isto vrijeme i prikrivanje.
12:48
[Regardless of] how transparent our governments want to be,
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Bez obzira koliko transparentne naše vlade žele biti,
12:51
they're going to be selectively transparent.
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bit će selektivno transparentne.
12:54
In a small country that could be my country,
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U jednoj maloj zemlji koja bi mogla biti moja zemlja,
12:56
but could be also your country,
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ali također i vaša zemlja,
12:57
they took a decision -- it is a real case story --
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oni su donijeli odluku -- ovo je istinita priča --
12:59
that all of the governmental decisions,
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da će sve odluke vlade,
13:02
discussions of the council of ministers,
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rasprave vijeća ministara,
13:05
were going to be published on the Internet
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biti objavljene na Internetu
13:08
24 hours after the council discussions took place.
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24 sata nakon što su održane rasprave vijeća.
13:12
And the public was extremely all for it.
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A javnost je u potpunosti bila za to.
13:14
So I had the opportunity to talk to the prime minister,
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I tako, imao sam priliku razgovarati s premijerom,
13:17
why he made this decision.
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zbog čega je donio tu odluku.
13:18
He said, "Listen, this is the best way
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Rekao je: "Slušaj, to je najbolji način
13:20
to keep the mouths of my ministers closed.
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da zatvorim usta svojih ministara.
13:25
Because it's going to be very difficult for them to dissent
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Jer, bit će im vrlo teško usprotiviti se
13:28
knowing that 24 hours after
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znajući da će 24 sata poslije
13:30
this is going to be on the public space,
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sve to biti javno objavljeno,
13:32
and this is in a certain way going to be a political crisis."
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i to bi na određeni način izazvalo političku krizu."
13:36
So when we talk about transparency,
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I tako, kad govorimo o transparentnosti,
13:37
when we talk about openness,
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kad govorimo o otvorenosti,
13:39
I really do believe that what we should keep in mind
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zaista vjerujem da trebamo imati na umu
13:41
is that what went right is what went wrong.
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da je ono što je bilo dobro istovremeno bilo i loše.
13:45
And this is Goethe, who is neither Bulgarian nor a political scientist,
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Goethe, koji nije bio ni Bugarin ni politolog
13:49
some centuries ago he said,
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rekao je prije nekoliko stoljeća:
13:52
"There is a big shadow where there is much light."
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"Postoji velika sjena tamo gdje ima previše svjetla."
13:55
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
13:56
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ivan Krastev - Public intellectualFrom his home base in Bulgaria, Ivan Krastev thinks about democracy -- and how to reframe it.
Why you should listen
Political scientist Ivan Krastev is watching the Euro crisis closely, fascinated by what it reveals about Europe's place in history: What does it mean for the democratic model? Will a fragmented Europe return to nationalist identity politics?
In his latest work, Krastev places recent events on a continuum of five revolutions over the past decades:
+ The socio-cultural revolution of the 1960s.
+ Market revolutions of the 1980s.
+ Central Europe in 1989 (which brought socio-cultural and market revolutions together).
+ The communications revolution.
+ And finally the revolution in neurosciences, which lays bare the irrationality and emotional manipulation in popular politics.
As a result of these five great changes, we've become extremely open and connected, while on the flipside cementing a mistrust of elites. Can democracy flourish when a mistrust of elites is a permanent feature?
Krastev is the chair of the Centre for Liberal Strategies, in Sofia, a research and analysis NGO.
Ivan Krastev | Speaker | TED.com