TEDSummit 2019
Laura Boykin: How we're using DNA tech to help farmers fight crop diseases
Laura Boykin: Kako koristimo DNK tehnologiju da pomognemo poljoprivrednicima u borbi protiv bolesti usjeva
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Gotovo 800 milijuna ljudi širom svijeta ovisi o kasavi za opstanak - ali ovaj kritični izvor hrane napadaju virusi, koji se mogu potpuno spriječiti, kaže računalna biologinja i starija TED suradnica Laura Boykin. Vodi nas na farme u istočnoj Africi gdje radi s raznolikim timom znanstvenika kako bi pomogli poljoprivrednicima održati svoje usjeve zdravima, koristeći prijenosni DNK laboratorij i mini superračunalo, koje može identificirati viruse u satima, umjesto u mjesecima.
Laura Boykin - Computational biologist, activist
TED Senior Fellow Laura Boykin uses technology to help farmers in East Africa have more food to feed their families. Full bio
TED Senior Fellow Laura Boykin uses technology to help farmers in East Africa have more food to feed their families. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I get out of bed for two reasons.
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Ustajem iz kreveta radi dva razloga.
00:15
One, small-scale family farmers
need more food.
need more food.
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Prvi, mali obiteljski poljoprivrednici
trebaju više hrane.
trebaju više hrane.
00:19
It's crazy that in 2019
farmers that feed us are hungry.
farmers that feed us are hungry.
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Suludo je da su u 2019. poljoprivrednici,
koji nas hrane, gladni.
koji nas hrane, gladni.
00:25
And two, science needs to be
more diverse and inclusive.
more diverse and inclusive.
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I drugi, znanost mora biti
raznolikija i sveobuhvatnija.
raznolikija i sveobuhvatnija.
00:30
If we're going to solve
the toughest challenges on the planet,
the toughest challenges on the planet,
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Ako ćemo rješavati
najteže izazove na planeti,
najteže izazove na planeti,
00:34
like food insecurity for the millions
living in extreme poverty,
living in extreme poverty,
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kao nesigurnost oko hrane za milijune
koji žive u ekstremnom siromaštvu,
koji žive u ekstremnom siromaštvu,
00:38
it's going to take all of us.
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bit ćemo potrebni svi.
00:40
I want to use the latest technology
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Želim iskoristiti najnoviju tehnologiju
00:43
with the most diverse
and inclusive teams on the planet
and inclusive teams on the planet
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s najraznolikijim
i sveobuhvatnim timovima na planetu
i sveobuhvatnim timovima na planetu
00:46
to help farmers have more food.
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kako bismo pomogli poljoprivrednicima
da imaju više hrane.
da imaju više hrane.
00:49
I'm a computational biologist.
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Ja sam računalna biologinja.
00:51
I know -- what is that
and how is it going to help end hunger?
and how is it going to help end hunger?
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Znam - što je to
i kako će to zaustaviti glad?
i kako će to zaustaviti glad?
00:54
Basically, I like computers and biology
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U osnovi, volim računala i biologiju
00:58
and somehow,
putting that together is a job.
putting that together is a job.
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i nekako, stavljajući to zajedno, je posao.
01:00
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:01
I don't have a story
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Nemam priču
01:03
of wanting to be a biologist
from a young age.
from a young age.
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o tome kako sam htjela biti biolog
od malih nogu.
od malih nogu.
01:06
The truth is, I played
basketball in college.
basketball in college.
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Istina je, igrala sam
košarku na fakultetu.
košarku na fakultetu.
01:10
And part of my financial aid package
was I needed a work-study job.
was I needed a work-study job.
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I dio mog paketa financijske pomoći
bio je da sam trebala studentski posao.
bio je da sam trebala studentski posao.
01:16
So one random day,
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Tako jednog slučajnog dana,
01:17
I wandered to the nearest building
to my dorm room.
to my dorm room.
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odšetala sam do zgrade najbliže
mojoj studentskoj sobi.
mojoj studentskoj sobi.
01:21
And it just so happens
it was the biology building.
it was the biology building.
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I tako se dogodilo da je to bila
zgrada biologije.
zgrada biologije.
01:24
I went inside and looked at the job board.
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Ušla sam unutra i pogledala
oglasnu ploču za poslove.
oglasnu ploču za poslove.
01:27
Yes, this is pre-the-internet.
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Da, to je prije interneta.
01:30
And I saw a three-by-five card
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I vidjela sam tri puta pet karticu
01:32
advertising a job
to work in the herbarium.
to work in the herbarium.
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koja oglašava posao za rad u herbariju.
01:36
I quickly took down the number,
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I brzo sam zapisala broj,
jer je pisalo "fleksibilno radno vrijeme,"
01:38
because it said "flexible hours,"
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01:40
and I needed that to work around
my basketball schedule.
my basketball schedule.
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i to mi je trebalo da uskladim
s mojim rasporedom košarke.
s mojim rasporedom košarke.
01:44
I ran to the library
to figure out what an herbarium was.
to figure out what an herbarium was.
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Otrčala sam u knjižnicu
da istražim što je herbarij.
da istražim što je herbarij.
01:48
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:51
And it turns out
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I ispada
01:52
an herbarium is where they store
dead, dried plants.
dead, dried plants.
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da u herbarij pohranjuju
mrtve, osušene biljke.
mrtve, osušene biljke.
01:57
I was lucky to land the job.
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Imala sam sreće dobiti posao.
01:59
So my first scientific job
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Dakle, moj prvi znanstveni posao
02:02
was gluing dead plants onto paper
for hours on end.
for hours on end.
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bio je lijepljenje mrtvih biljaka
na papir satima.
na papir satima.
02:07
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
02:11
It's so glamorous.
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Tako je glamurozno.
02:12
This is how I became
a computational biologist.
a computational biologist.
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Tako sam postala računalna biologinja.
02:16
During that time,
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Tijekom tog vremena,
02:17
genomics and computing were coming of age.
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genomika i računalstvo su napredovali.
02:20
And I went on to do my masters
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I nastavila sam raditi svoj magisterij
02:22
combining biology and computers.
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kombinirajući biologiju i računala.
Tijekom tog vremena,
02:25
During that time,
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radila sam u Los Alamos
Nacionalnom laboratoriju
Nacionalnom laboratoriju
02:27
I worked at Los Alamos National Lab
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02:28
in the theoretical biology
and biophysics group.
and biophysics group.
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u grupi teorijske biologije i biofizike.
02:31
And it was there I had my first encounter
with the supercomputer,
with the supercomputer,
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I tamo sam imala
svoj prvi susret sa superračunalom,
svoj prvi susret sa superračunalom,
02:35
and my mind was blown.
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i ostala sam bez teksta.
02:37
With the power of supercomputing,
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Sa snagom superračunalstva,
02:39
which is basically thousands
of connected PCs on steroids,
of connected PCs on steroids,
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što su u osnovi tisuće
spojenih osobnih računala na steroidima,
spojenih osobnih računala na steroidima,
bili smo u mogućnosti otkriti
složenosti influence i hepatitisa C.
složenosti influence i hepatitisa C.
02:44
we were able to uncover the complexities
of influenza and hepatitis C.
of influenza and hepatitis C.
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02:50
And it was during this time
that I saw the power
that I saw the power
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I bilo je tijekom tog vremena
da sam otkrila moć
da sam otkrila moć
02:52
of using computers
and biology combined, for humanity.
and biology combined, for humanity.
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kombinirane upotrebe računala
i biologije, za čovječanstvo.
i biologije, za čovječanstvo.
02:56
And I wanted this to be my career path.
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I htjela sam da to bude put moje karijere.
03:00
So, since 1999,
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Dakle, od 1999. godine
03:01
I've spent the majority
of my scientific career
of my scientific career
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većinu svoje znanstvene karijere
sam provela
sam provela
03:04
in very high-tech labs,
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u tehnološki vrhunskim laboratorijima,
03:06
surrounded by really expensive equipment.
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okružena veoma skupom opremom.
03:09
So many ask me
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Tako me mnogi pitaju
03:11
how and why do I work
for farmers in Africa.
for farmers in Africa.
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kako i zašto radim
za poljoprivrednike u Africi.
za poljoprivrednike u Africi.
03:15
Well, because of my computing skills,
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Pa, radi mojih računalskih sposobnosti,
2013. godine, tim
istočnoafričkih znanstvenika
istočnoafričkih znanstvenika
03:18
in 2013, a team of East African scientists
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03:22
asked me to join the team
in the plight to save cassava.
in the plight to save cassava.
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zamolio me da se pridružim timu
u stanju spašavanja kasave.
u stanju spašavanja kasave.
03:27
Cassava is a plant whose leaves and roots
feed 800 million people globally.
feed 800 million people globally.
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Kasava je biljka čiji listovi i korijenje
hrane 800 milijuna ljudi globalno.
hrane 800 milijuna ljudi globalno.
03:35
And 500 million in East Africa.
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I 500 milijuna u istočnoj Africi.
03:38
So that's nearly a billion people
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Dakle, to je skoro milijarda ljudi
03:41
relying on this plant
for their daily calories.
for their daily calories.
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koji se oslanjanju na tu biljku
za dnevne kalorije.
za dnevne kalorije.
03:44
If a small-scale family farmer
has enough cassava,
has enough cassava,
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Ako mala obiteljska poljoprivrednica
ima dosta kasave,
ima dosta kasave,
03:48
she can feed her family
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ona može prehraniti svoju obitelj
03:50
and she can sell it at the market
for important things like school fees,
for important things like school fees,
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i može je prodati na tržnici
za važne stvari poput školarina,
za važne stvari poput školarina,
03:54
medical expenses and savings.
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liječničke troškove i ušteđevinu.
03:57
But cassava is under attack in Africa.
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Ali kasava je pod napadom u Africi.
04:01
Whiteflies and viruses
are devastating cassava.
are devastating cassava.
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Bijele muhe i virusi su porazni za kasavu.
04:06
Whiteflies are tiny insects
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Bijele muhe su sitni insekti
04:08
that feed on the leaves
of over 600 plants.
of over 600 plants.
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koji se hrane
lišćem više od 600 biljaka.
lišćem više od 600 biljaka.
04:11
They are bad news.
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Loša su vijest.
04:13
There are many species;
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Postoji mnogo vrsta;
04:14
they become pesticide resistant;
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postanu otporne na pesticide
04:16
and they transmit hundreds
of plant viruses
of plant viruses
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i prenose stotine biljnih virusa
04:21
that cause cassava brown streak disease
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koji uzrokuju na kasavi bolest smeđe pruge
04:23
and cassava mosaic disease.
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i mozaičnu bolest.
04:26
This completely kills the plant.
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Ovo potpuno ubija biljku.
04:29
And if there's no cassava,
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Ako nema kasave,
04:30
there's no food or income
for millions of people.
for millions of people.
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nema hrane ili prihoda za milijune ljudi.
04:36
It took me one trip to Tanzania
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Trebao mi je jedan put u Tanzaniju
04:38
to realize that these women
need some help.
need some help.
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da shvatim da ove žene trebaju pomoć.
04:41
These amazing, strong,
small-scale family farmers,
small-scale family farmers,
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Ovi nevjerojatni, jaki,
mali obiteljski poljoprivrednici,
mali obiteljski poljoprivrednici,
04:45
the majority women,
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većinom žene,
04:46
are doing it rough.
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rade teško.
04:48
They don't have enough food
to feed their families,
to feed their families,
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Nemaju dovoljno hrane
da prehrane svoje obitelji
da prehrane svoje obitelji
04:51
and it's a real crisis.
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i to je prava kriza.
04:53
What happens is
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Što se događa je
04:55
they go out and plant fields of cassava
when the rains come.
when the rains come.
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izađu i sade polja kasave kada dođe kiša.
04:58
Nine months later,
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Devet mjeseci poslije,
04:59
there's nothing, because of these
pests and pathogens.
pests and pathogens.
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nema ničega, zbog ovih
štetočina i patogena.
štetočina i patogena.
05:02
And I thought to myself,
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I pomislih,
05:05
how in the world can farmers be hungry?
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kako pobogu mogu
poljoprivrednici biti gladni?
poljoprivrednici biti gladni?
05:08
So I decided to spend
some time on the ground
some time on the ground
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Tako sam odlučila provesti
neko vrijeme na tlu
neko vrijeme na tlu
s poljoprivrednicima i znanstvenicima
05:11
with the farmers and the scientists
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05:12
to see if I had any skills
that could be helpful.
that could be helpful.
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da vidim imam li bilokakve vještine
koje bi mogle pomoći.
koje bi mogle pomoći.
05:16
The situation on the ground is shocking.
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Situacija na tlu je bila šokantna.
05:19
The whiteflies have destroyed the leaves
that are eaten for protein,
that are eaten for protein,
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Bijele muhe su uništile listove
koji se jedu radi proteina,
koji se jedu radi proteina,
05:23
and the viruses have destroyed the roots
that are eaten for starch.
that are eaten for starch.
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i virusi su uništili korijenje
koje se jede radi škroba.
koje se jede radi škroba.
05:27
An entire growing season will pass,
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Proći će čitava sezona rasta
05:30
and the farmer will lose
an entire year of income and food,
an entire year of income and food,
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i poljoprivrednici će izgubiti
cijelu godinu prihoda i hrane,
cijelu godinu prihoda i hrane,
05:34
and the family will suffer
a long hunger season.
a long hunger season.
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a obitelj će patiti od duge sezone gladi.
05:37
This is completely preventable.
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Ovo se može potpuno spriječiti.
Ako bi poljoprivrednica znala
05:40
If the farmer knew
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05:41
what variety of cassava
to plant in her field,
to plant in her field,
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koju vrstu kasave posaditi na svom polju,
05:44
that was resistant
to those viruses and pathogens,
to those viruses and pathogens,
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koja je otporna na te viruse i patogene,
05:48
they would have more food.
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imali bi više hrane.
05:50
We have all the technology we need,
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Imamo svu tehnologiju
koja nam je potrebna,
koja nam je potrebna,
05:53
but the knowledge and the resources
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ali znanje i resursi
05:56
are not equally distributed
around the globe.
around the globe.
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nisu jednoliko raspoređeni širom svijeta.
06:00
So what I mean specifically is,
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Dakle, ono što konkretno mislim je,
06:03
the older genomic technologies
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starije genomske tehnologije
06:05
that have been required
to uncover the complexities
to uncover the complexities
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koje su bile tražene otkriti složenosti
06:08
in these pests and pathogens --
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u ovim štetočinama i patogenima -
06:11
these technologies were not made
for sub-Saharan Africa.
for sub-Saharan Africa.
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ove tehnologije nisu bile napravljene
za podsaharsku Afriku.
za podsaharsku Afriku.
06:15
They cost upwards of a million dollars;
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One koštaju više od milijun dolara;
06:17
they require constant power
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zahtijevaju stalno napajanje
06:19
and specialized human capacity.
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i specijalizirani ljudski kapacitet.
06:21
These machines are few
and far between on the continent,
and far between on the continent,
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Ovi uređaji su rijetki na kontinentu,
06:24
which is leaving many scientists
battling on the front lines no choice
battling on the front lines no choice
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što ostavlja mnoge znanstvenike
da se bore na frontovima bez izbora
da se bore na frontovima bez izbora
06:29
but to send the samples overseas.
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nego da šalju uzorke u inozemstvo.
06:31
And when you send the samples overseas,
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I kada pošaljete uzorke u inozemstvo,
06:33
samples degrade, it costs a lot of money,
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uzorci se razgrade, košta puno novca
06:36
and trying to get the data back
over weak internet
over weak internet
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i pokušavati vratiti podatke
preko slabog interneta
preko slabog interneta
06:39
is nearly impossible.
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je gotovo nemoguće.
06:41
So sometimes it can take six months
to get the results back to the farmer.
to get the results back to the farmer.
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Pa ponekad treba šest mjeseci kako bi
rezultati došli do poljoprivrednika.
rezultati došli do poljoprivrednika.
06:45
And by then, it's too late.
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A do tada je prekasno.
06:47
The crop is already gone,
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Usjev je već propao,
06:48
which results in further poverty
and more hunger.
and more hunger.
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što rezultira daljnjim siromaštvom
i više gladi.
i više gladi.
06:53
We knew we could fix this.
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Znali smo da to možemo popraviti.
06:55
In 2017,
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2017. godine
06:57
we had heard of this handheld,
portable DNA sequencer
portable DNA sequencer
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čuli smo za ovaj ručni,
prijenosni DNK sekvenator
prijenosni DNK sekvenator
07:02
called an Oxford Nanopore MinION.
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zvan Oxford Nanopore MinION.
07:04
This was being used
in West Africa to fight Ebola.
in West Africa to fight Ebola.
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Ovo se bilo koristilo
u zapadnoj Africi u borbi protiv ebole.
u zapadnoj Africi u borbi protiv ebole.
07:08
So we thought:
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Pa smo pomislili:
zašto to ne možemo koristiti da pomognemo
poljoprivrednicima u istočnoj Africi?
poljoprivrednicima u istočnoj Africi?
07:10
Why can't we use this
in East Africa to help farmers?
in East Africa to help farmers?
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07:13
So, what we did was we set out to do that.
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Dakle, što smo učinili,
odlučili smo se na to.
odlučili smo se na to.
07:18
At the time, the technology was very new,
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U to vrijeme,
tehnologija je bila vrlo nova
tehnologija je bila vrlo nova
07:21
and many doubted we could
replicate this on the farm.
replicate this on the farm.
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i mnogi su sumnjali
da možemo ovo ponoviti na farmi.
da možemo ovo ponoviti na farmi.
07:24
When we set out to do this,
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Kad smo se odlučili za to,
07:26
one of our "collaborators" in the UK
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jedan od naših "suradnika" u UK
07:30
told us that we would never
get that to work in East Africa,
get that to work in East Africa,
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rekao nam je da nam to nikada
neće funkcionirati u istočnoj Africi,
neće funkcionirati u istočnoj Africi,
07:33
let alone on the farm.
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a kamoli na farmi.
07:35
So we accepted the challenge.
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Pa smo prihvatili izazov.
07:37
This person even went so far as to bet us
two of the best bottles of champagne
two of the best bottles of champagne
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Ta osoba je čak otišla toliko daleko
da se kladila s nama
da se kladila s nama
u dvije najbolje boce šampanjca
da nam to nikada neće proraditi.
da nam to nikada neće proraditi.
07:44
that we would never get that to work.
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07:48
Two words:
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Dvije riječi:
07:50
pay up.
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plati nam.
07:51
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:53
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
Plati nam, jer smo to i učinili.
07:58
Pay up, because we did it.
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08:00
We took the entire high-tech molecular lab
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Cijeli visokotehnološki
molekularni laboratorij smo odnijeli
molekularni laboratorij smo odnijeli
08:04
to the farmers of Tanzania,
Kenya and Uganda,
Kenya and Uganda,
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poljoprivrednicima
Tanzanije, Kenije i Ugande,
Tanzanije, Kenije i Ugande,
08:07
and we called it Tree Lab.
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nazvali smo ga Stablo laboratorijem.
08:10
So what did we do?
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Dakle, što smo napravili?
08:12
Well, first of all,
we gave ourselves a team name --
we gave ourselves a team name --
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Dakle, kao prvo,
dali smo sebi timsko ime --
dali smo sebi timsko ime --
08:14
it's called the Cassava Virus
Action Project.
Action Project.
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zove se Akcijski Projekt Virusa Kasave.
08:16
We made a website,
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Napravili smo web stranicu,
08:18
we gathered support from the genomics
and computing communities,
and computing communities,
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skupili smo podršku genomike
i računalnih zajednica,
i računalnih zajednica,
08:21
and away we went to the farmers.
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i otišli smo k poljoprivrednicima.
08:24
Everything that we need for our Tree Lab
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Sve što trebamo za naš Stablo laboratorij
08:27
is being carried by the team here.
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održava tim ovdje.
08:29
All of the molecular and computational
requirements needed
requirements needed
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Svi molekularni i računalski
zahtjevi potrebni
zahtjevi potrebni
08:33
to diagnose sick plants is there.
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za dijagnosticiranje
oboljelih biljaka su tamo.
oboljelih biljaka su tamo.
08:37
And it's actually all
on this stage here as well.
on this stage here as well.
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I zapravo je sve
i na ovoj pozornici ovdje.
i na ovoj pozornici ovdje.
08:41
We figured if we could get the data
closer to the problem,
closer to the problem,
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Skužili smo da ako podatke
približimo problemu
približimo problemu
i bliže poljoprivrednici,
08:44
and closer to the farmer,
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08:46
the quicker we could tell her
what was wrong with her plant.
what was wrong with her plant.
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brže joj možemo reći
što nije bilo u redu s njenom biljkom.
što nije bilo u redu s njenom biljkom.
I ne samo joj reći što nije bilo u redu --
08:50
And not only tell her what was wrong --
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dati joj riješenje.
08:52
give her the solution.
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08:53
And the solution is,
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I riješenje je
08:54
burn the field and plant varieties
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spaliti polje i posaditi sorte
08:57
that are resistant to the pests
and pathogens she has in her field.
and pathogens she has in her field.
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koje su otporne na štetočine
i patogene koje ima u svom polju.
i patogene koje ima u svom polju.
09:01
So the first thing that we did
was we had to do a DNA extraction.
was we had to do a DNA extraction.
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Dakle, prvo što smo učinili,
morali smo ekstrahirati DNK.
morali smo ekstrahirati DNK.
09:06
And we used this machine here.
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I koristili smo ovaj uređaj ovdje.
09:09
It's called a PDQeX,
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Zove se PVBeX,
09:12
which stands for
"Pretty Damn Quick Extraction."
"Pretty Damn Quick Extraction."
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što znači
"Poprilično Vraški Brza Ekstrakcija."
"Poprilično Vraški Brza Ekstrakcija."
09:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:18
I know.
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Znam.
09:19
My friend Joe is really cool.
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Moj prijatelj Joe je stvarno super.
09:23
One of the biggest challenges
in doing a DNA extraction
in doing a DNA extraction
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Jedan od najvećih izazova
u izvođenju ekstrakcije DNK
u izvođenju ekstrakcije DNK
09:26
is it usually requires
very expensive equipment,
very expensive equipment,
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je što zahtijeva vrlo skupu opremu
09:30
and takes hours.
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i traje satima.
09:31
But with this machine,
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Ali ovim uređajem
09:33
we've been able to do it in 20 minutes,
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uspjeli smo to izvesti u 20 minuta,
09:35
at a fraction of the cost.
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uz puno manji trošak.
09:37
And this runs off of a motorcycle battery.
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I pokreće ga baterija za motocikle.
09:41
From there, we take the DNA extraction
and prepare it into a library,
and prepare it into a library,
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Odatle, uzmemo DNK ekstrakciju
i pripremimo je u knjižnicu,
i pripremimo je u knjižnicu,
09:46
getting it ready to load on
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spremajući je za učitavanje
09:48
to this portable, handheld
genomic sequencer,
genomic sequencer,
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na ovaj prijenosni, ručni sekvencer genoma
09:52
which is here,
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koji je ovdje,
i onda uključimo ovo u mini superračunalo,
09:53
and then we plug this
into a mini supercomputer,
into a mini supercomputer,
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09:57
which is called a MinIT.
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koji se zove MinIT.
09:59
And both of these things are plugged
into a portable battery pack.
into a portable battery pack.
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I obje ove stvari su priključene
na prijenosni baterijski sustav.
na prijenosni baterijski sustav.
10:04
So we were able to eliminate
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Tako da smo uspjeli ukloniti
10:06
the requirements
of main power and internet,
of main power and internet,
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potrebe za glavnom strujom i internetom,
10:08
which are two very limiting factors
on a small-scale family farm.
on a small-scale family farm.
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koji su dva vrlo ograničavajuća faktora
na maloj obiteljskoj farmi.
na maloj obiteljskoj farmi.
10:13
Analyzing the data quickly
can also be a problem.
can also be a problem.
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Brza analiza podataka
također može biti problem.
također može biti problem.
10:17
But this is where me being
a computational biologist came in handy.
a computational biologist came in handy.
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Ali tu je korisno to
što sam računalska biologinja.
što sam računalska biologinja.
10:21
All that gluing of dead plants,
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Sve to lijepljenje mrtvih biljaka,
10:23
and all that measuring,
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sva ta mjerenja,
10:25
and all that computing
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svo to računalstvo
10:27
finally came in handy
in a real-world, real-time way.
in a real-world, real-time way.
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napokon je korisno
u stvarnom svijetu, u stvarnom vremenu.
u stvarnom svijetu, u stvarnom vremenu.
10:31
I was able to make customized databases
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Uspjela sam napraviti
prilagođene baze podataka
prilagođene baze podataka
10:34
and we were able to give the farmers
results in three hours
results in three hours
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i uspjeli smo dati rezultate
poljoprivrednicima u tri sata
poljoprivrednicima u tri sata
10:39
versus six months.
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u usporedbi sa šest mjeseci.
10:41
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:50
The farmers were overjoyed.
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Poljoprivrednici su bili presretni.
10:53
So how do we know
that we're having impact?
that we're having impact?
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Pa kako znamo da imamo utjecaja?
Devet mjeseci nakon našeg
Stablo laboratorija,
Stablo laboratorija,
10:56
Nine moths after our Tree Lab,
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10:58
Asha went from having
zero tons per hectare
zero tons per hectare
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Asha je od imajući nula tona po hektaru
11:01
to 40 tons per hectare.
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došla do 40 tona po hektaru.
Imala je dosta da prehrani svoju obitelj
11:03
She had enough to feed her family
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11:05
and she was selling it at the market,
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i prodavala ju je na tržnici,
11:08
and she's now building a house
for her family.
for her family.
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a sad gradi kuću za svoju obitelj.
11:12
Yeah, so cool.
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Da, tako super.
11:13
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
11:17
So how do we scale Tree Lab?
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Pa kako procjenjujemo Stablo laboratorij?
11:19
The thing is,
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Stvar je,
poljoprivrednice su već
procijenjene u Africi.
procijenjene u Africi.
11:21
farmers are scaled already in Africa.
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11:23
These women work in farmer groups,
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Ove žene rade u zemljoradničkim skupinama
pa pomažući Ashi zapravo je
pomognuto 3,000 ljudi u njenom selu,
pomognuto 3,000 ljudi u njenom selu,
11:25
so helping Asha actually helped
3,000 people in her village,
3,000 people in her village,
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11:29
because she shared the results
and also the solution.
and also the solution.
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jer je podijelila rezultate i rješenje.
11:33
I remember every single
farmer I've ever met.
farmer I've ever met.
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Sjećam se svake poljoprivrednice
koju sam upoznala.
koju sam upoznala.
11:38
Their pain and their joy
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Njihova bol i njihova radost
urezane su u moja sjećanja.
urezane su u moja sjećanja.
11:42
is engraved in my memories.
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11:44
Our science is for them.
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Naša znanost je za njih.
Stablo laboratorij je
naš najbolji pokušaj
naš najbolji pokušaj
11:47
Tree Lab is our best attempt
to help them become more food secure.
to help them become more food secure.
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da im pomognemo
da budu osigurani hranom.
da budu osigurani hranom.
11:53
I never dreamt
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Nikada nisam sanjala
da je najbolja znanost koju ću
ikada napraviti u svom životu
ikada napraviti u svom životu
11:54
that the best science
I would ever do in my life
I would ever do in my life
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biti na pokrivaču u istočnoj Africi,
11:57
would be on that blanket in East Africa,
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12:01
with the highest-tech genomic gadgets.
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uz visokotehnološki napredne
genomske uređaje.
genomske uređaje.
12:04
But our team did dream
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Ali naš tim je sanjao
12:06
that we could give farmers answers
in three hours versus six months,
in three hours versus six months,
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da možemo poljoprivrednicama dati
odgovore u tri sata, a ne u šest mjeseci,
odgovore u tri sata, a ne u šest mjeseci,
12:11
and then we did it.
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i tada smo to učinili.
12:12
Because that's the power
of diversity and inclusion in science.
of diversity and inclusion in science.
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Jer to je moć raznolikosti
i uključivanja u znanost.
i uključivanja u znanost.
12:17
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
12:18
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
12:21
(Cheers)
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(Klicanje)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Laura Boykin - Computational biologist, activistTED Senior Fellow Laura Boykin uses technology to help farmers in East Africa have more food to feed their families.
Why you should listen
Dr. Laura Boykin is a TED Senior Fellow, Gifted Citizen and computational biologist who uses genomics and supercomputing to help smallholder farmers in sub-Saharan Africa control whiteflies and viruses, which cause devastation to the local cassava crops. Cassava is a staple food that feeds more than 800 million people globally.
Boykin also works in partnership with African scientists to train local communities in genomics and high-performance computing skills, with the aim of tackling future insect and viral outbreaks. Recently, she founded The Cassava Virus Action Project along with collaborators in east Africa to roll out portable DNA sequencing and analyses to farmers in the region. Their mission is to increase cassava yields for 500 million farmers.
Laura Boykin | Speaker | TED.com