TED Talks India: Nayi Baat
Mani Vajipey: How India's local recyclers could solve plastic pollution
Mani Vajipey: Kako lokalni recikliratelji u Indiji mogu riješiti problem zagađenja plastikom
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Indija ima jedan od najvećih postotaka recikliranja plastike na svijetu, velikim dijelom zahvaljujući širokoj mreži neslužbenih recikliratelja poznatih kao "kabadiwalas". Poduzetnik Mani Vajipey priča o svom radu na organiziranju njihovih ogromnih napora u sustav sakupljanja koji bi mogao usmjeriti Indiju ka zaustavljanju zagađenja plastikom -- i također pokazati ostatku svijeta kako to učiniti.
Mani Vajipey - Entrepreneur
Mani Vajipey has dedicated his life and career to the overhaul of waste management in India. Full bio
Mani Vajipey has dedicated his life and career to the overhaul of waste management in India. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Shah Rukh Khan: Say no to plastic.
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Shah Rukh Khan: Recite "ne" plastici.
00:14
The one thing that
all environmental warriors teach us.
all environmental warriors teach us.
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To je ono što nas uče svi borci za okoliš.
00:17
But we begin and end the day
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Ali mi dan počinjemo i završavamo
00:19
with products that have been made
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s proizvodima izrađenima
00:20
from this virtually
indestructible material.
indestructible material.
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od tog praktički neuništivoga materijala.
00:24
The truth is that our consumption
and disposal of plastic has reached
and disposal of plastic has reached
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Istina je da su naša potrošnja
i odlaganje plastike dostigli
i odlaganje plastike dostigli
00:28
such unsustainable proportions
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toliko neodržive razmjere
00:30
that we need to address this
using every idea and resource at hand.
using every idea and resource at hand.
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da se time moramo pozabaviti
koristeći sve dostupne ideje i sredstva.
koristeći sve dostupne ideje i sredstva.
00:34
Please welcome someone who's helping
solve India's waste management issues,
solve India's waste management issues,
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Molim vas, pozdravite osobu koja pomaže
riješiti probleme Indije s otpadom:
riješiti probleme Indije s otpadom:
00:39
Mani Vajipey,
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Mani Vajipey,
00:40
recycler and cofounder/CEO
of Banyan Nation.
of Banyan Nation.
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recikliratelj i suosnivač/direktor
tvrtke Banyan Nation.
tvrtke Banyan Nation.
00:45
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
00:53
Mani Vajipey: If recycling
were an Olympic sport,
were an Olympic sport,
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Mani Vajipey: Kad bi recikliranje
bilo olimpijski sport,
bilo olimpijski sport,
00:56
India would win the gold medal.
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Indija bi osvojila zlatnu medalju.
00:58
India has one of the highest rates
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Indija ima jedan od najviših postotaka
01:01
of plastic recycling and recovery
in the entire world.
in the entire world.
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recikliranja i oporabe plastike
na čitavom svijetu.
na čitavom svijetu.
01:05
Higher than the likes of Singapore,
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Viši od Singapura,
01:07
countries in North America
and even countries in Europe.
and even countries in Europe.
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zemalja Sjeverne Amerike,
čak i europskih zemalja.
čak i europskih zemalja.
01:11
India recovers and recycles
over 60 percent of its plastic waste,
over 60 percent of its plastic waste,
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Indija oporabljuje i reciklira
preko 60% svog plastičnog otpada,
preko 60% svog plastičnog otpada,
01:15
whereas a developed country,
like United States,
like United States,
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dok razvijene zemlje,
poput Sjedinjenih Država,
poput Sjedinjenih Država,
01:18
manages just about 10 percent.
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postižu tek oko 10%.
01:21
This high rate of collection
is largely possible
is largely possible
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Visok udio prikupljanja uvelike je moguć
01:24
thanks to the millions
of informal recyclers,
of informal recyclers,
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zahvaljujući milijunima
neformalnih recikliratelja,
neformalnih recikliratelja,
01:28
the kabadiwalas, the bhandiwallas
and the raddiwalas
and the raddiwalas
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kabadiwala, the bhandiwalla
i raddiwala,
i raddiwala,
01:31
that we find at every street corner
across every city in India.
across every city in India.
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koje možemo naći na svakom uglu ulice
u svakom gradu u Indiji.
u svakom gradu u Indiji.
01:36
And yet, in spite of such a ubiquitous,
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Pa ipak, unatoč svoj toj sveprisutnoj,
01:40
extensive and intricate
network of recyclers,
network of recyclers,
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raširenoj i isprepletenoj
mreži recikliratelja,
mreži recikliratelja,
01:44
India's national scenery
is dominated by filth and squalor.
is dominated by filth and squalor.
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prizorima Indije
prevladavaju prljavština i bijeda.
prevladavaju prljavština i bijeda.
01:48
And the general perception
is that we don't recycle our plastics.
is that we don't recycle our plastics.
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A opći dojam je da mi
ne recikliramo plastiku.
ne recikliramo plastiku.
01:52
The other thing about plastics in India
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Drugi problem s plastikom u Indiji
01:54
is that any product
made from recycled plastic
made from recycled plastic
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je da svaki proizvod
od reciklirane plastike
od reciklirane plastike
01:58
is considered to be substandard
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smatramo manje kvalitetnim
02:00
and we expect it to be cheaper as well.
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pa očekujemo i da bude jeftiniji.
02:02
What we don't realize is
there are several types of plastics
there are several types of plastics
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Ono što ne shvaćamo jest
da postoji nekoliko vrsta plastike
da postoji nekoliko vrsta plastike
02:06
in their virgin and pure form,
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u djevičanskom i čistom obliku,
02:09
if recycled scientifically,
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a ako se znanstveno recikliraju
02:11
can be recycled several times over
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mogu se reciklirati nekoliko puta
02:14
without any compromise in quality.
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bez ikakva gubitka kvalitete.
02:16
If we can recover and reuse
our discarded plastic,
our discarded plastic,
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Ako prikupimo i ponovno koristimo
odbačenu plastiku,
odbačenu plastiku,
02:21
then we save a significant
amount of virgin plastic
amount of virgin plastic
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možemo znatno smanjiti udio
djevičanske (nove) plastike
djevičanske (nove) plastike
02:23
that we would have otherwise
produced and consumed.
produced and consumed.
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koju bismo inače proizveli i potrošili.
02:26
And this is very important,
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A to je jako važno,
02:28
because virgin plastic
is made from fossil fuels
is made from fossil fuels
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jer se djevičanska plastika
proizvodi od fosilnih goriva
proizvodi od fosilnih goriva
02:31
that are an exhaustible resource.
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koja su iscrpljiv izvor.
02:34
The more virgin plastic
we produce and consume,
we produce and consume,
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Što više djevičanske plastike
proizvodimo i trošimo,
proizvodimo i trošimo,
02:36
the more plastic waste we have to manage.
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toliko više plastičnoga otpada
moramo zbrinjavati.
moramo zbrinjavati.
02:40
Mismanagement of plastic waste
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Loše upravljanje plastičnim otpadom
02:42
leads to the leakage of such materials
into our water bodies.
into our water bodies.
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dovodi do ulaska tih materijala
u naše vodotokove.
u naše vodotokove.
02:46
It's now common knowledge
that by the year 2050
that by the year 2050
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Sada je općepoznato da ćemo do 2050.
02:49
we'll have more plastics
in our oceans than fish.
in our oceans than fish.
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u oceanima imati više plastike nego ribe.
02:53
About seven years ago,
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Prije otprilike sedam godina
02:55
my friend and cofounder Raj and I,
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moj prijatelj i suosnivač Raj i ja
02:58
we decided that we were going to focus
on solving this massive problem.
on solving this massive problem.
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odlučili smo usredotočiti se na
rješavanje toga golemoga problema.
rješavanje toga golemoga problema.
03:01
We went around the city of Hyderabad,
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Obilazili smo grad Hyderabad
i pričali s lokalnim reciklirateljima.
03:03
talking to local recyclers.
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03:05
Very soon, we found out
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Uskoro smo doznali
03:06
that there were many recyclers
just in Hyderabad alone.
just in Hyderabad alone.
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kako samo u Hyderabadu
postoji mnogo recikliratelja.
postoji mnogo recikliratelja.
03:09
We soon realized
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Ubrzo smo shvatili
03:11
that the plastic recycling
industry of today
industry of today
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da se industrija
recikliranja plastike danas
recikliranja plastike danas
03:14
is not very different
from the milk industry
from the milk industry
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ne razlikuje mnogo od proizvodnje mlijeka
03:16
of the '60s and '70s.
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60-tih i 70-tih godina.
03:18
Milk in India is produced
by marginal milk farmers,
by marginal milk farmers,
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Mlijeko u Indiji proizvode
marginalni mljekari,
marginalni mljekari,
03:22
with two or three cows or buffalos,
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s jednom ili dvije krave ili bivola,
03:24
who produce five to ten
liters of milk a day.
liters of milk a day.
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koji proizvode 5 do 10
litara mlijeka dnevno.
litara mlijeka dnevno.
03:26
Instead of blindly aping
solutions from the West,
solutions from the West,
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Umjesto slijepoga kopiranja
zapadnih rješenja,
zapadnih rješenja,
03:29
India championed
the milk cooperative model,
the milk cooperative model,
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Indija je postala pionir
modela mljekarskih zadruga
modela mljekarskih zadruga
03:32
where thousands of such
small-scale recyclers
small-scale recyclers
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koje su tisuće takvih
recikliratelja na malo
recikliratelja na malo
03:36
were brought together into groups.
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okupile u grupe.
03:39
With scale came innovations
and investments.
and investments.
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Veličina je potakla
inovacije i investicije.
inovacije i investicije.
03:43
India was transformed
from a milk-deficit nation
from a milk-deficit nation
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Indija je preobražena
iz države s nedostatkom mlijeka
iz države s nedostatkom mlijeka
03:46
to the world's leading
exporter and producer of milk.
exporter and producer of milk.
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u vodećeg svjetskog
izvoznika i proizvođača mlijeka.
izvoznika i proizvođača mlijeka.
03:50
It dawned upon us
that India had in the past
that India had in the past
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Sinulo nam je kako je
Indija u prošlosti riješila
Indija u prošlosti riješila
03:54
solved much larger problems,
like milk deficiency.
like milk deficiency.
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mnogo veće probleme
poput nedostatka mlijeka.
poput nedostatka mlijeka.
03:58
We only need to look back to our past
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Trebamo se samo osvrnuti na prošlost
04:00
to find inspiration in solving
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i tamo naći nadahnuće za rješavanje
04:02
what is perhaps the most
fundamental issue of our times,
fundamental issue of our times,
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vjerojatno temeljnoga pitanja
našega vremena,
našega vremena,
04:05
that is plastic pollution.
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a to je zagađenje plastikom.
04:07
But before we could do this,
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Ali prije nego što smo to postigli,
04:09
or before brands
could use recycled plastic,
could use recycled plastic,
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ili prije nego što su tvrtke
mogle koristiti recikliranu plastiku,
mogle koristiti recikliranu plastiku,
04:12
we had to solve two things.
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morali smo riješiti dvije stvari.
04:14
Quality and scale.
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Kvalitetu i količinu.
04:16
For us, to make a shampoo bottle
from discarded plastics,
from discarded plastics,
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Kako bi se od odbačene plastike
mogla izraditi bočica za šampon,
mogla izraditi bočica za šampon,
04:21
we had to collect tens of thousands
of tons of discarded plastics.
of tons of discarded plastics.
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morali smo skupiti desetke tona
odbačene plastike.
odbačene plastike.
04:25
For that, we needed data.
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Za to su nam bili potrebni podatci.
04:27
Raj and I built a simple
data intelligence platform
data intelligence platform
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Raj i ja izradili smo jednostavnu
platformu za obradu podataka
platformu za obradu podataka
04:31
that allowed us to map all the recyclers,
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koja nam je omogućila mapiranje
svih recikliratelja,
svih recikliratelja,
04:33
giving us a bird's eye view
of every recycler in Hyderabad.
of every recycler in Hyderabad.
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omogućujući nam iz ptičje perspektive
pregled recikliratelja u Hyderabadu.
pregled recikliratelja u Hyderabadu.
04:37
The results were astounding.
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Rezultati su bili zapanjujući.
04:39
There were 2,000 kabadiwalas
just in Hyderabad alone.
just in Hyderabad alone.
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Samo u Hyderabadu bilo je 2000 kabadiwala.
04:43
That means, for every square kilometer,
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Znači da je po svakom četvornom kilometru
04:45
there were four kabadiwalas
or informal recyclers.
or informal recyclers.
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bilo četiri kabadiwalas
ili neslužbenih recikliratelja.
ili neslužbenih recikliratelja.
04:49
No developed country or city
in the entire world
in the entire world
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Nijedna razvijena zemlja ili grad
na čitavom svijetu
na čitavom svijetu
04:53
has the luxury of such a brilliant
collection system.
collection system.
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nema luksuz tako sjajnoga
sustava za prikupljanje.
sustava za prikupljanje.
04:56
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
04:58
Once we had the data,
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Kad smo dobili podatke,
05:00
the rest was fairly straightforward.
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ostalo je bilo prilično jednostavno.
05:01
We started trading
with the informal recyclers,
with the informal recyclers,
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Počeli smo trgovati
s neslužbenim reciklirateljima,
s neslužbenim reciklirateljima,
05:05
we started training them
to segregate the materials
to segregate the materials
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počeli smo ih trenirati
da razdvajaju materijal
da razdvajaju materijal
05:08
based on our quality specifications.
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na osnovu naših specifikacija kakvoće.
05:11
In the past five years,
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Tijekom proteklih pet godina
05:12
we've developed several clusters
across South India,
across South India,
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razvili smo nekoliko klastera
širom Južne Indije
širom Južne Indije
05:15
comprising of thousands
of such informal recyclers,
of such informal recyclers,
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koji se sastoje od tisuća
takvih neslužbenih recikliratelja,
takvih neslužbenih recikliratelja,
05:18
who interact with us
both directly and digitally.
both directly and digitally.
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koji s nama komuniciraju
izravno i digitalno.
izravno i digitalno.
05:21
In parallel, we began working
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Usporedno smo počeli raditi
05:24
on the problem of quality
and purity of material.
and purity of material.
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na problemu kvalitete
i čistoće materijala.
i čistoće materijala.
05:27
So in the past five years,
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U zadnjih pet godina
05:28
we developed a proprietary
cleaning technology
cleaning technology
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razvili smo vlastitu tehnologiju čišćenja
05:30
that allows us to eliminate
all contaminants.
all contaminants.
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koja nam omogućuje uklanjanje
svih onečišćenja.
svih onečišćenja.
05:33
Today, Banyan's recycled granules
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Danas su reciklirane granule Banyan
05:36
have undergone stringent quality testing
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prošle stroga ispitivanja kakvoće
05:39
and have been certified by top
global FMCG and automotive companies.
global FMCG and automotive companies.
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i imaju certifikate vodećih svjetskih
FMCG i automobilskih kompanija.
FMCG i automobilskih kompanija.
05:44
In the next few months,
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Sljedećih nekoliko mjeseci
05:46
tens of thousands of discarded plastics
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deseci tisuća odbačene plastike,
05:50
collected through informal
recycler networks
recycler networks
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koje su prikupili
neslužbeni recikliratelji,
neslužbeni recikliratelji,
05:53
will be converted
into high-quality granules
into high-quality granules
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postat će granule visoke kvalitete
05:55
and sent away to brands
and large companies
and large companies
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i biti predani tvrtkama
i velikim kompanijama
i velikim kompanijama
05:59
to make bottles for engine-oil packaging,
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za izradu ambalaže za motorno ulje,
06:03
for shampoo bottles and for lotions.
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bočice za šampon i losione.
06:05
In the next three years,
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U iduće 3 godine očekujemo
06:07
we expect that over 500 million
such bottles will be made
such bottles will be made
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da će od naše reciklirane plastike
biti izrađeno preko 500 milijuna
biti izrađeno preko 500 milijuna
06:11
from our recycled plastics.
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takvih boca.
06:12
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
06:17
But this is just the beginning.
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Ali to je tek početak.
06:18
In the next five years,
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U idućih pet godina
06:20
we aspire to build an India
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cilj nam je izgraditi Indiju
06:22
where 100 percent of discarded plastics
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u kojoj će se 100% odbačene plastike
06:25
are recycled and
repurposed scientifically --
repurposed scientifically --
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reciklirati i znanstveno oporabiti ---
06:28
where plastic waste
no longer threatens our water bodies,
no longer threatens our water bodies,
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gdje plastični otpad
više ne prijeti našim vodotocima
više ne prijeti našim vodotocima
06:32
and the very survival
of our terrestrial and marine life.
of our terrestrial and marine life.
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i samomu opstanku
našega kopnenoga i morskoga života.
našega kopnenoga i morskoga života.
06:35
So the next time you go to a store
and pick up a shampoo bottle,
and pick up a shampoo bottle,
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Dakle, sljedeći put kad odete u trgovinu
i uzmete bočicu šampona,
i uzmete bočicu šampona,
06:39
see if that bottle uses safe
and sustainable recycled plastic.
and sustainable recycled plastic.
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pogledajte koristi li ta bočica
sigurnu i održivo recikliranu plastiku.
sigurnu i održivo recikliranu plastiku.
06:43
That's not only just
going to help the Earth
going to help the Earth
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To neće samo pomoći Zemlji,
06:45
but also reward the street corner recycler
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nego će također nagraditi recikliratelja
na uglu ulice
na uglu ulice
06:48
for his all-important work.
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za njegov prevažni rad.
06:50
Now that will compel brands
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To će nametnuti tvrtkama
06:52
to use more and more recycled plastic
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korištenje sve više reciklirane plastike
06:54
for their mainstream products
and applications.
and applications.
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za glavne proizvode i namjene.
06:58
Our tradition and our culture
has a lot of ancient wisdom.
has a lot of ancient wisdom.
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Naša tradicija i naša kultura
ima puno drevne mudrosti.
ima puno drevne mudrosti.
07:02
Let's not destroy the only planet we have.
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Nemojmo uništiti jedini planet koji imamo.
07:05
The only home we have.
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Jedini dom koji imamo.
07:07
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
07:09
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
07:14
SRK: Thank you, Mani.
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SRK: Hvala ti, Mani.
07:16
When I was young, I used to --
(sings in Hindi).
(sings in Hindi).
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Kad sam bio mlad, običavao sam ---
(pjeva na hindiju)
(pjeva na hindiju)
07:20
How little do we know sometimes
that we are, as a nation,
that we are, as a nation,
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Koliko malo ponekad znamo
da smo kao nacija
da smo kao nacija
07:23
the biggest recycler
of plastics and waste,
of plastics and waste,
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najveći recikliratelj plastike i otpada,
07:26
if not just plastic,
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ako ne samo plastike,
07:28
and we didn't know this
about our own country.
about our own country.
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a to nismo znali
o svojoj vlastitoj zemlji.
o svojoj vlastitoj zemlji.
07:30
MV: May I say something really cool?
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MV: Mogu li reći nešto stvarno cool?
07:32
Cities like New York and Paris today
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Gradovi poput New Yorka i Pariza danas
07:34
are looking to put out
reverse vending machines
reverse vending machines
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nastoje postaviti
strojeve za obrnutu prodaju,
strojeve za obrnutu prodaju,
07:37
so that people can go
and put trash in that
and put trash in that
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tako da ljudi mogu u njih ubaciti smeće
07:40
and then they can get some cash.
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i onda dobiti nešto novca.
07:42
For the past several decades,
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Proteklih nekoliko desetljeća
07:43
the entire country and the kabadiwalas,
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čitava zemlja, i kabadiwale
07:45
and the bhandiwallas,
we have been doing that.
we have been doing that.
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i bhandiwalle, to smo već radili.
07:48
I'm very positive
that in three to five years,
that in three to five years,
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Vrlo sam uvjeren
da ćemo za tri do pet godina
da ćemo za tri do pet godina
07:50
you'll wake up, you know
that the plastic is being recycled,
that the plastic is being recycled,
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kad se probudimo,
znati da se plastika reciklira,
znati da se plastika reciklira,
07:54
you're going to pick up a packaging,
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uzet ćemo ambalažu
07:56
you know that the package
actually has a mark
actually has a mark
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i znati da stvarno ima oznaku
07:58
that uses recycled plastics,
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da koristi recikliranu plastiku,
07:59
so I'm super optimistic about this.
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pa sam vrlo optimističan glede toga.
08:01
Even as an entrepreneur.
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Čak i kao poduzetnik.
08:03
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:06
SRK: When I see a youngster
do what he has done and achieved,
do what he has done and achieved,
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SRK: Kad vidim mladića
da radi ovo što je učinio i postigao,
da radi ovo što je učinio i postigao,
08:09
I want that part to also be
a source of encouragement
a source of encouragement
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želim da to također postane
izvor ohrabrenja
izvor ohrabrenja
08:12
for people to take over.
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za ljude da to nastave.
08:13
So tell me, are you making a lot of money?
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Pa reci mi, zarađuješ li puno novca?
08:15
MV: What's so brilliant
about plastic recycling now is
about plastic recycling now is
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MV: Ono što je tako sjajno
kod recikliranja plastike sada je
kod recikliranja plastike sada je
08:18
it's an idea whose time has come.
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da je to ideja čije je vrijeme došlo.
08:20
And we're very fortunate to have signed
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A mi smo imali sreću što smo potpisali
08:22
a really big, multimillion-dollar contract
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zbilja veliki, višemilijunski ugovor
08:25
with some of the top FMCG companies.
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s nekima od vodećih FMCG kompanija.
08:27
So we are at the inflection
point in India.
point in India.
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Tako smo mi u Indiji na prijelomnoj točci.
08:30
And --
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I --
08:31
SRK: Tell us the money,
money, money, Mani.
money, money, Mani.
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SRK: Kaži nam o novcu, Mani, o novcu.
08:34
MV: (Laughs)
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MV: (Smije se)
08:35
SRK: Give the figure,
it will encourage people,
it will encourage people,
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SRK: Daj nam brojku,
to će ohrabriti ljude,
to će ohrabriti ljude,
nije zbog pohlepe,
nije iz nijednog drugog razloga...
nije iz nijednog drugog razloga...
08:37
it's not for greed,
it's not for any of the reasons ...
it's not for any of the reasons ...
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08:39
Say to them.
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Reci im.
Oni dobro zarađuju, znate.
08:41
They are making good money, yeah.
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08:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:44
MV: For us, to build
these systems in place,
these systems in place,
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MV: Nama su za izgradnju
i postavljanje tih sustava
i postavljanje tih sustava
08:46
we need investors
who will back us to develop --
who will back us to develop --
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potrebni investitori
koji će podržati naš razvoj ---
koji će podržati naš razvoj ---
08:51
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:59
SRK: You have to be like Mani
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SRK: Morate biti kao Mani
09:00
that I'm asking, "How much you're making?"
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koji, kad pitam "Koliko zarađujete?",
09:02
he's already making it off me.
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već zarađuje na meni.
Možda izgledam glupo, ali nisam.
09:04
But I may look stupid, but I'm not.
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09:07
I totally and completely believe
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Ja posve i potpuno vjerujem
09:09
in the concept of recycling plastic,
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u koncept recikliranja plastike,
09:11
and I'm going to help Mani
with my first investment
with my first investment
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i pomoći ću Maniju
svojim prvim ulaganjem
svojim prvim ulaganjem
09:15
that all the plastic bottles
that we have at shootings,
that we have at shootings,
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tako što ću sve plastične boce
koje imamo na snimanju,
koje imamo na snimanju,
09:19
in every shooting of mine,
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na svim mojim snimanjima,
09:20
I'm going to send it
to his company to recycle,
to his company to recycle,
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poslat ću ih njegovoj kompaniji
na recikliranje,
na recikliranje,
09:24
starting from these four.
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počevši od ove četiri.
09:25
Thank you very much, Mani.
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Hvala ti puno, Mani.
09:27
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:28
MV: Thank you so much.
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MV: Puno ti hvala.
09:30
SRK: Big round of applause for Mani.
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SRK: Veliki pljesak za Manija.
09:32
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mani Vajipey - EntrepreneurMani Vajipey has dedicated his life and career to the overhaul of waste management in India.
Why you should listen
Mani Vajipey is the cofounder and CEO of Banyan Nation, a technology-driven recycling company that is changing the way India looks at plastics, recycling and waste management. Banyan Nation was founded in 2013 and is headquartered in Hyderbad. Vajipey holds dual MBAs from UC Berkeley (Haas) and Columbia Business Schools, an MS Degree in Electrical Engineering from University of Delaware and a BTech Electrical Engineering from NIT, Warangal.
Mani Vajipey | Speaker | TED.com