TED2011
Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison
Damon Horowitz: Filsafat di dalam penjara
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Damon Horowitz mengajar filsafat di Proyek Universitas Penjara, membawa kuliah tingkat universitas kepada para narapidana di Penjara Negara San Quentin. Dalam presentasi singkat ini, dia menceritakan pertemuannya dengan apa yang benar dan salah yang kemudian dengan cepat menyentuh pribadi.
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
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Ini Tony, Dia murid saya.
00:17
He's about my age,
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Usia kami hampir sama,
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
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dan dia berada di Penjara Negara San Quentin.
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
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Saat Tony berusia 16 tahun,
00:25
one day, one moment,
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suatu hari, suatu ketika,
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
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"Pistol itu milik ibu.
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
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Tunjukkan saja, takuti orang itu. Dia cuma berandalan.
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
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Dia curi uang; kita ambil uangnya. Biar dia tahu rasa.
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
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Lalu di saat terakhir, saya berpikir, 'Tidak boleh. Ini salah.'
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
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Teman saya berkata, 'Ayo, lakukan saja.'
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
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Saya berkata, 'Ayo kita lakukan.'"
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
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Dan ketiga kata itu akan selalu diingat oleh Tony
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
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karena selanjutnya yang dia tahu, dia mendengar suara letusan.
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
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Si berandalan itu terjatuh di tanah, berlumuran danah.
00:50
And that's felony murder --
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Itu pembunuhan -- 25 tahun hingga seumur hidup
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
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pembebasan bersyarat jika beruntung saat berumur 50 tahun,
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
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dan Tony tidak merasa begitu beruntung.
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
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Jadi saat kami bertemu di kelas filsafat di penjara
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
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dan saya berkata, "Di kelas ini, kita akan berdiskusi mengenai dasar-dasar etika."
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
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Tony menyela,
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
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"Apa yang akan kau ajarkan tentang benar dan salah?
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
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Aku tahu apa yang salah. Aku telah berbuat salah.
01:11
I am told every day,
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Aku diberi tahu setiap harinya
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
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oleh semua orang, semua dinding yang aku lihat, saya salah.
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
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Walau aku bisa keluar dari sini, namaku selalu akan buruk.
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
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Aku seorang pesakitan; akan selalu 'salah.'
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
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Apa yang hendak kau katakan tentang benar dan salah?"
01:24
So I say to Tony,
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Jadi saya berkata kepada Tony,
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
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"Maaf, ini lebih buruk dari yang kau pikirkan.
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
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Kau pikir kau tahu tentang benar dan salah?
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
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Coba katakan apa itu salah?
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
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Jangan hanya memberi contoh.
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
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Saya ingin tahu tentang salah itu sendiri, gagasan tentang salah.
01:39
What is that idea?
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Apa artinya?
01:41
What makes something wrong?
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Apa yang membuat sesuatu menjadi salah?
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
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Bagaimana kita tahu kalau itu salah? Mungkin kita tidak sependapat.
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
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Mungkin salah satu dari kita salah tentang apa itu salah.
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
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Mungkin kau salah, mungkin saya salah -- saya tidak ingin bertukar pendapat;
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
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semua orang memiliki pendapat.
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
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Kita di sini demi pengetahuan.
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
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Musuh kita adalah kesembronoan. Inilah filsafat."
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
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Lalu ada yang berubah dari Tony.
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
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"Mungkin aku salah. Aku lelah selalu salah.
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
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Aku ingin tahu apa yang salah.
02:08
I want to know what I know."
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Aku ingin tahu apa yang saya tahu."
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
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Apa yang dilihat Tony saat itu adalah proyek filsafat,
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
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proyek yang dimulai dalam keheranan --
02:15
what Kant called "admiration and awe
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apa yang disebut Kant "kekaguman dan rasa takjub
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
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pada langit berbintang di atas dan hukum moral di dalam."
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
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Apa yang dapat diketahui makhluk seperti kita akan hal-hal seperti itu?
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
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Inilah proyek yang selalu membawa kita kembali ke dalam suatu keberadaan --
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
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apa yang disebut Heidegger "yang selalu sudah ada di sana."
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
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Inilah proyek yang mempertanyakan apa yang kita yakini dan mengapa --
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
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apa yang disebut Socrates "kehidupan yang diperiksa."
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
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Socrates, orang yang cukup bijaksana karena tahu bahwa dia tidak tahu apapun.
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
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Socrates meninggal di penjara,
02:39
his philosophy intact.
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filsafatnya tetap utuh.
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
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Jadi Tony mulai mengerjakan pekerjaan rumahnya.
02:44
He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
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Dia mempelajari sebab dan mengapa, alasan dan hubungannya,
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
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logika dan kesalahannya.
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
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Ternyata, Tony mendapatkan otot filsafat.
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
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Tubuhnya ada di penjara, namun pikirannya bebas.
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
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Tony belajar tentang ontologi kekacauan,
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
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epistemologi gangguan,
02:56
the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
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etika keraguan, metafisika kekonyolan.
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
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Itulah Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche,
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
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dan Bill Clinton.
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
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Jadi saat dia mengumpulkan tugas terakhirnya
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
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dia berpendapat bahwa imperatif mutlak
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is perhaps too uncompromising
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mungkin terlalu keras
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
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untuk menghadapi konflik yang mempengaruhi keseharian kita
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
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dan menantang saya untuk memberitahunya
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
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apakah karena itu kita dikutuk untuk kegagalan moral.
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
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Saya berkata, "Saya tidak tahu.
03:18
Let us think about that."
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Mari kita pikirkan bersama."
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
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Karena saat itu, tidak ada nilai untuk Tony;
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
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hanya kami berdua berdiri di sana.
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
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Bukan sebagai profesor dan narapidana,
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
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hanya dua pikiran yang siap untuk berfilsafat.
03:28
And I say to Tony,
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Dan saya katakan padanya,
03:30
"Let's do this."
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"Mari kita lakukan."
03:33
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
03:35
(Applause)
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(Tepuk tangan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneurDamon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.
Why you should listen
Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).
Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.
Get more information on the Prison University Project >>
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com