TED2011
Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison
達蒙·霍洛維茨：監獄中的哲學
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達蒙·霍洛維茨在“監獄大學計劃”中教授哲學，給圣昆廷州立監獄的監友帶來大學水平唧課程。喺依個簡短而強大唧演講中，佢講述咗一個關於對與錯唧故仔，同埋依個話題有幾快就可以触動到人。
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
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依位喺東尼，佢喺我唧學生。
00:17
He's about my age,
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佢同我差唔多大，
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
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喺圣昆廷州立監獄唧監友。
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
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喺佢16歲唧時候，
00:25
one day, one moment,
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有一日突然間，事情就咁發生：
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
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”支槍喺媽媽唧。
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
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我開頭諗住求其開一槍，嚇下個飛仔。
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
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佢搶咗我哋唧錢，我就搶佢唧錢，教訓下佢。
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
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到最後，我就諗：‘唔得，我唔可以咁做。’
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
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我朋友就話：‘快啲啦，快啲開始啦。’
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
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我就話：‘好啦。’”
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
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就喺依兩個字，東尼永遠都會記住，
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
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因為接落嚟佢見到唧，就喺警察，
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
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個飛仔訓喺地上，訓喺血入邊。
00:50
And that's felony murder --
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佢犯咗謀殺罪-25年到終身監禁
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
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如果好彩唧話，50年後會得到假釋，
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
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不過東尼就唔喺咁好彩了。
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
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當我哋喺監獄唧哲學課見面唧時候，
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
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我話：“依堂課我哋要討論唧喺道德唧基礎，”
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
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東尼就打斷我：
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
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“你憑咩教我對同錯啊？
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
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我知咩喺錯唧。我做過錯事。
01:11
I am told every day,
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每一日每個我見到唧每一個人，
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
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我見到唧每一面墻，都話我知我就喺一個錯誤。
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
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只要一日唔離開依度，我就一直都會咩住依個名號。
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
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我喺一個囚犯；我就喺‘錯誤’。
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
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所以你憑咩話我知咩喺對同錯啊？”
01:24
So I say to Tony,
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我就同東尼講：
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
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“唔好意思，不過個問題比你想像中要難。
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
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你覺得你知道咩喺對同錯？
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
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咁你可唔可以話我知咩喺錯？
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
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你唔可以齋同我舉例，
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
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我想知道錯誤唧本質喺乜嘢，
01:39
What is that idea?
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錯誤唧理念，喺一個點唧理念？
01:41
What makes something wrong?
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喺乜嘢令一樣嘢變成錯唧？
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
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我哋點知一樣嘢喺錯唧？或者你同我唧諗法會唔一樣，
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
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或者我哋兩個之中有一個唧諗法喺錯唧。
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
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可能喺你，可能喺我，但喺我哋唔喺嚟交換思想唧；
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
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個個人都有佢哋自己唧諗法，
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
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我哋喺度唧目的喺學習知識，
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
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我哋唧敵人喺輕率。依啲就喺哲學。”
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
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然後東尼就開始有啲改變了。
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
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“可能我唧諗法喺錯唧，我已經厭倦咗一直都喺錯唧，
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
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我想知咩喺錯誤，
02:08
I want to know what I know."
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我想瞭解多啲我知道唧嘢。”
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
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喺過一刻，東尼見到唧就喺哲學計劃，
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
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一個以奇跡為開端唧計劃--
02:15
what Kant called "admiration and awe
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康德稱之為“頭頂唧星空
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
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同心中唧道德法則，喚起我哋唧讚歎同敬畏。”
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
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作為大地生物之一，我哋又點知道依啲嘢唧呢？
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
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就喺依個計劃，一直提醒我哋生存唧條件--
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
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海德格爾稱之為“存在唧意義”。
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
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就喺依個計劃，一直質疑我哋唧信念同佢哋唧原因--
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
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蘇格拉底稱之為“受考驗唧生活”。
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
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蘇格拉底，一個聰明到瞭解自己無知唧男人，
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
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佢喺監獄中去世，
02:39
his philosophy intact.
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不過佢唧哲學得意留存。
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
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東尼開始做佢唧功課，
02:44
He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
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學習原因、結果同關係，
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
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學習邏輯同謬論，
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
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最後，佢喺哲學方面變得好專業。
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
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雖然佢個人被困喺監獄，但喺佢唧思想卻好自由。
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
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東尼仲學識本體論混雜，
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
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認識論焦慮，
02:56
the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
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倫理性質疑，同埋形而上學既謬論。
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
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依啲分別喺柏拉圖、笛卡兒、尼采、
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
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同克林頓唧哲學。
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
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然後佢最後交咗佢篇論文，
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
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寫唧喺定言令色
03:08
is perhaps too uncompromising
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聽落對於我哋日常生活唧矛盾嚟講
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
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有啲太嚴肅，
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
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同時依個話題都條件我要話佢知，
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
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如果我哋犯道德錯誤，系咪就會受到譴責，
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
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我講佢知：“我唔知個答案，
03:18
Let us think about that."
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不如我哋一齊諗下。”
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
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喺果一刻，東尼無任何所謂唧身份，
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
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我同佢只喺兩個人，
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
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唔喺教授同囚犯，
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
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只喺兩個準備要討論哲學唧人。
03:28
And I say to Tony,
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然後我就同東尼講：
03:30
"Let's do this."
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“快啲開始啦！”
03:33
Thank you.
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多謝
03:35
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneurDamon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.
Why you should listen
Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).
Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.
Get more information on the Prison University Project >>
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com