Robert Muggah: How to protect fast-growing cities from failing
ロバート・マガー: 急成長する都市を成功に導く方法
Robert Muggah creates tools to understand cycles of violence in urban environments and opens dialogues on ways to confront them globally. Full bio
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around the world
is drop killing by 2.3 percent a year,
and criminologists around the world
私もそう思います
especially the most fragile ones.
目を向けるとどうでしょうか?
about this a lot.
私は紛争や暴力やテロ
ripped apart by conflict,
分裂した
insidious combination of all.
from Russia to Somalia,
銃の密輸業者を追跡しましたし
in Afghanistan and the Congo,
武装勢力と行動しました
Haiti, in Sri Lanka, in Papua New Guinea.
パプアニューギニアでは死体を数えたものです
on the front line, though,
is spinning out of control, right?
何となくお分かりいただけますね?
instability is the new normal.
普通になってきていると感じます
the geography of violence is changing,
気付かれると思います
that are gripped by conflict and crime
そういう都市ほど多くありません
Erbil, Mosul, Tripoli, Salvador.
モースル、トリポリ、サルバドル
they live in cities, not the countryside.
田舎よりも都市で暮らしているのです
account for two thirds of global GDP.
世界のGDPの3分の2を占めるのです
dominated by the North,
Australia and Japan,
オーストラリア、日本では
actually at historic lows.
about the triumph of the city,
都市や 創造的な階級の勝利を語り
that will rule the world.
do one day rule the world,
こういった市長に世界を支配してほしいと思っていますが
about what is happening in the South.
語り合うこともないのです
Latin America, Africa, Asia,
cases is accelerating,
アフリカ、アジアでは
an aspiration and not a reality.
and development experts and specialists,
in the 21st century.
define the future of order and disorder.
秩序を保てるかどうかのカギだと思います
and humanitarian action
concentrated in our cities,
as eradicating poverty,
beating back climate change,
気候変動の阻止だと
slums and favelas of our cities.
その成否にかかっているからです
不安定さを定義する
fragility in our time,
with that lethal violence problem.
なんとかできると思うのです
peaceful moment in human history.
最も平和な時代に暮らしています
the intensity and frequency of conflict
紛争の激化や頻度が
and they are horrific,
small blip upwards
(暴力の)下降傾向においては
見なされています
a dramatic reduction in homicide.
this incredible drop in murder,
殺人が驚くほど
safer than they were just 100 years ago.
100年前と比べると100倍安全なのです
conflict and the decline in murder --
この二つの事実は
of human history,
These two scourges are still with us.
まだどちらも無くなったわけではありません
men, women, boys and girls --
with Keith Krause and others
紛争地帯の暴力で死に
people are dying in war zones violently.
are dying outside of conflict zones.
別の場所で死んでいることが分かりました
are dying outside of war than inside war.
それ以外で死ぬ人が10倍多いのです
and Central Asia.
移動しています
cities in the world
40がここ
San Pedro Sula, Honduras' second city,
ホンジュラスの第二の都市 サンペドロスラで
of 187 murders per 100,000 people.
10万人あたり187人が殺害され
re-concentrating geographically,
再集結されるなら
to the world's new topography,
the world ain't flat,
世界はフラットではなく
as the primary mode of urban living
優勢であるということは
demographic reversals in history,
in the world today;
people lived in cities,
都市に住んでいましたが
is going to be there.
誰もが都市に住んでいるも同然です
is going to be neither even nor equitable.
均一でも公平でもありません
in cities of the South.
the size or even the density of cities
大都市の一つですが
safest, urban metropolises in the world.
urbanization that matters.
one of the key drivers of fragility.
基盤の弱さの主要因の一つです
expansion of these cities,
考えるのなら
think about Karachi.
カラチについて考えてみてください
a hustling, bustling city.
活気のある都市でした
for three quarters of Pakistan's GDP,
占めているものの
cities in South Asia.
横行している都市の一つでもあります
than they were in the 1950s.
40倍になっているのです
to get to eight million people.
150年間かかりました
to reach that same interval.
同じ人口になるのに15年でした
large, mega-, and hypercities look like?
どのようなものでしょうか?
is the rise of the youth bulge.
in child mortality rates.
we've got to watch.
注意すべきものです
living in our fragile cities
in our healthier and wealthier ones.
はるかに多いのです
is under the age of 30.
Three in four people are under 30.
考えてみてください
that necessarily predicts violence.
暴力につながるわけではありません
with unemployment, lack of education,
教育を受けていないことが結びつき
being male, is a deadly proposition.
男性であることが命取りになります
all those risk factors, with youth,
若さと相関関係にあり
to increases in violence.
parents of teenage sons,
without any structure
out there cavorting about.
想像してみてください
limit the education possibilities,
その可能性が失われたところへ
alcohol and guns,
the life expectancy is 73.6 years.
shave off two right there.
残念ながら 2歳短くなります
教育も受けておらず
you're black, and you're male,
to less than 60 years old.
落ち込みます
and violence are the number one killers
and gloom in our cities.
暗い見通しばかりではありません
excitement, connectivity.
and tech-aware than ever before.
テクノロジーに長けています
and mobile technology,
separating the North and the South
国内の格差は
and within them, is shrinking.
are dual-edged, right?
聞かされていますよね?
to use remote sensing and big data
リモートセンシングやビッグデータを使って
criminal violence before it even happens.
予測できる警察もあります
it's here today,
今 ここにあり
of the public safety
秤にかけなくてはなりません
who are innovating.
進化しているのではありません
of civil society groups
and global collective action,
私たちは耳にすることがあり
and real revolution.
真の革命につながっています
of all are criminal gangs
オンラインを使い
and starting to colonize cyberspace.
犯罪組織です
where I've been working,
メキシコのシウダー・フアレスでは
and the Sinaloa cartel
to sell their products,
商品を販売したり
脅したり 殺したりするのです
ダイナミックで
and complex situation.
fragility in our time,
and drive global growth
不調で後退する都市もあるという
and pull it backwards.
we need to start a conversation.
対話を始める必要があります
on those cities that work,
into the conversation.
対話に加わってもらう必要があるのです
to start twinning
基盤の弱い都市と
and wealthier ones,
and collaboration
of what works and what doesn't.
共有するのです
from El Salvador and Los Angeles,
この素晴らしい例です
and Los Angeles are collaborating
協力し合って
to work with current gang members,
一緒に働かせたり
incubate cease-fires and truces,
go down in San Salvador,
サンサルバドルでは
サンサルバドルでは
on hot cities, but also hot spots.
犯罪多発地域にも着目します
in shaping violence in our cities.
都市の犯罪形成に関わってきます
one and two percent
of violent crime?
ご存知でしたか?
where I've been working.
例に取ります
dangerous city to one of its safest,
最も安全な都市の一つになりました
hot spot mapping, and police reform,
重点的に行うことで
by 70 percent in just over 10 years.
unemployed, uneducated, male,
学校に行っていない男性は
of being killed and killing.
リスクが高くなるのです
our youngest children,
安定するように努めるのです
that I've been involved with
キングストンやジャマイカ
and right here in Rio,
リスクの高い若者のために
employment, recreation
going down in their communities.
減少していったのです
more inclusive, and livable for all.
住みやすくなければなりません
of segregation, exclusion,
comes from Medellín.
in the late 1990s,
コロンビアにいた時
of the world, but it changed course,
政策を変え
in its low-income and most violent areas
税金を投入し
with the middle-class ones
and first-class infrastructure,
by 79 percent in just under two decades.
79%減少しました
promise but also peril.
危険でもあるのです
of extraordinary innovation,
in predictive analytics.
in new crowdsourcing solutions.
解決策を模索します
in developing applications
and increase safety among citizens.
市民の安全性を高めようとしています
message for you, it's this:
about lethal violence,
避けられないものではない」ことです
of a lifetime to drop homicidal violence
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robert Muggah - Megacities expertRobert Muggah creates tools to understand cycles of violence in urban environments and opens dialogues on ways to confront them globally.
Why you should listen
Robert Muggah drills down through shadowy data on arms trafficking, urban violence and resilience in search of answers for a rapidly urbanizing society’s most troubling questions: Why are cities so violent, and increasingly fragile? Why are conflicts within nations replacing conflicts between them? And what strategies can we implement to reduce violence?
Muggah's high-tech toolkit includes new ways for citizens to collect, collate and understand data, such as the mapping arms data (MAD) tool. As the research director of the Igarapé Institute and the SecDev Foundation, he developed the tool in collaboration with the Peace Research Institute Oslo and with Google Ideas, winning accolades for the transparency it brings to the debate.
Robert Muggah | Speaker | TED.com