Mohamed Hijri: A simple solution to the coming phosphorus crisis
강연: 모하메드 히즈리: 다가오는 인 위기에 대처하는 간단한 방법 - 모하메드 히즈리(Mohamed Hijri)
Mohamed Hijri studies arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), seeking to understand the structure, evolution and reproduction of these organisms, which form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots. Full bio
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by asking you a question:
with the blue algae problem?
it's a serious issue.
모두 동의하실 거라 생각합니다.
blue algae-contaminated water,
마시고 싶지 않고
수영하고 싶지 않을 겁니다.
I won't be talking about blue algae.
I'll be talking about the main cause
the phosphorus crisis.
부르는 것인데요,
about the phosphorus crisis today?
왜 인을 골랐을까요?
that nobody else is talking about it.
아무도 얘기하지 않기 때문입니다.
I hope that the general public
and this issue.
좀 더 잘 알게 되기를 바랍니다.
in this situation with blue algae?
that it comes from how we farm.
chemical fertilizers.
비료, 화학 비료를 씁니다.
in agriculture?
and to produce a better yield.
수확량을 늘리기 위해서이죠.
that is without precedent.
a crash course in plant biology.
식물 생물학에 대해 속성과외를 해드리겠습니다.
in order to grow?
needs light, it needs CO2,
빛과 이산화탄소가 필요합니다.
it needs nutrients,
are essential chemical elements:
these resources.
that is linked to phosphorus.
초점을 맞추겠습니다.
the most problematic chemical element.
화학 요소이기 때문입니다.
you will have seen
and where we are today.
어떤 상황에 있는지 아시게 될 겁니다.
This is a very important point.
what the phosphorus issue is.
자세하게 알고 계시면 좋겠습니다.
in several molecules,
is phosphorus-based --
일어남을 압니다.
These are called phospholipids.
이를 인지질이라고 합니다.
ATP, is phosphorus-based.
ATP도 인이 바탕입니다.
phosphorus is a key component of DNA,
인이 유전자의 주요 성분이라는 겁니다.
and which is shown in this image.
누구나 익숙한 거죠.
phosphorus is a key player.
한번 더 말씀드리자면 인이 주된 성분입니다.
from the soil, through water.
인을 뽑아냅니다.
from the things we eat:
인을 얻습니다.
eat better than others.
잘 먹는다는 것은 사실입니다.
더 행복합니다.
which speaks for itself,
as intensive agriculture.
on the use of chemical fertilizers.
기반으로 합니다.
we would not manage to produce enough
넉넉히 생산하지 못합니다.
7 billion of us on Earth.
70억이 있습니다.
there will be 9 billion of us.
Do we have enough phosphorus
다음 세대를 먹여 살릴만큼
where do we find our phosphorus?
인을 어디서 찾을까요?
이렇게 가정합시다.
100 percent of a given dose of phosphorus.
Eighty-five percent is lost.
85%는 없어져버립니다.
ending its journey in the lakes,
호수에서 여정을 끝냅니다.
which leads to the blue algae problem.
그 때문에 녹조가 일어나죠.
something that is illogical.
뭔가 논리에 맞지 않습니다.
but only 15 percent goes to the plant.
겨우 15%만 식물한테 갑니다.
is that it is very expensive.
더 나쁜 건 인은 아주 비쌉니다.
out the window,
that's what is happening here.
지금 벌어지는 일은 그렇습니다.
depends on phosphorus.
to the plant, all the rest is lost,
나머지는 버려지기 때문에
this phosphorus from?
of an extraordinary article
about the phosphorus crisis.
which is becoming increasingly scarce,
Politicians and scientists are in agreement
정치가와 과학자도
for a phosphorus crisis.
is an open-pit mine in the U.S.,
미국의 광산인데
of the dimensions of this mine,
설명을 드리자면
the little crane you can see,
작은 기중기가 보이실 겁니다.
we talk about global warming,
지구 온난화에 대해 얘기하지만
the phosphorus crisis.
아직도 말을 하지 않습니다.
oil is something we can replace.
석유는 다른 것으로 대체할 수 있습니다.
but phosphorus is an essential element,
and we can’t replace it.
대체가 불가능합니다.
of the world's phosphorus reserves?
of where we are today.
어디에 있는지 대충 아실 겁니다.
for phosphorus reserves.
it will all be gone.
인이 없어질 겁니다.
I’ll be retired by then.
그때쯤이면 저는 은퇴를 했겠죠.
for a major crisis,
of this problem.
We are faced with a paradox.
우리는 모순에 빠졌습니다.
will be available.
the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization,
in 2050 than we do today.
식량을 생산해야 합니다.
but we'll need to produce more food.
식량은 더 많이 생산해야 합니다.
or an alternative
phosphorus use?
that has existed for a very long time,
지구에 식물이 있기도 전에
that is very mysterious,
and yet also extremely complex.
for over 16 years now.
매료되었습니다.
for my laboratory research.
with the roots.
and mutually beneficial association
서로 도움을 주는 관계로
of a mycorrhiza.
가운데 하나입니다.
all by itself.
which surrounds it.
the root is ineffective.
in its search for phosphorus.
그 이상 갈 수 없습니다.
microscopic mushroom.
to seek out phosphorus.
효율적으로 타고 났습니다.
the root’s one-millimeter scope
for 450 million years.
has evolved and adapted to seek out
and to put it to use,
in the real world, is a carrot root,
진짜 당근 뿌리인데
with its very fine filaments.
we can see that this mushroom
between the root's cells,
a typical arbuscular structure,
the exchange interface
that mutual exchanges will occur.
나를 먹여 살려!
I’m going to reduce it to 25 percent.
25%로 줄여서 쓰겠습니다.
most will benefit the plant,
will remain in the soil.
we don't even need to add phosphorus.
I showed you earlier,
it is in insoluble form.
불용성 형태를 띄고 있습니다.
soluble forms.
of dissolving this insoluble form
for the plant to use.
here is a picture that speaks for itself.
사진을 보여드리죠.
in a field of sorghum.
produced using conventional agriculture,
the dose was reduced to 50 percent,
we achieved a better yield.
더 많은 수확량을 얻었습니다.
that this method works.
Mexico and India,
and in several other cases,
어떤 경우는
any phosphorus at all,
and drawing it from the soil.
in Canada.
but not in the other.
다른 밭에서는 사용하지 않았습니다.
and yellow a weaker yield.
노란색은 좀 덜한 수확을 나타냅니다.
I have invented nothing.
제가 발명한 건 아무것도 없습니다.
for 450 million years,
modern-day plant species to diversify.
that is still undergoing lab tests.
and commercialized worldwide.
세계적으로 실용화되었습니다.
that people are not aware of it.
are still not aware of this problem.
아직도 이 문제를 깨닫지 못하고 있습니다.
will alleviate some of the pressure
on the world's phosphorus reserves.
덜어줄 수 있습니다.
I am a scientist and a dreamer.
저는 과학자이면서 몽상가입니다.
what my retirement dream is,
that phosphorus peak,
"Made with mycorrhiza,"
"균류로 만든 제품"
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mohamed Hijri - BiologistMohamed Hijri studies arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), seeking to understand the structure, evolution and reproduction of these organisms, which form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots.
Why you should listen
Mohamed Hijri is a professor of biology and a researcher at the plant biology research institute (l'Institut de recherche en biologie végétale) at the Université de Montréal. His work focuses on the most common and widespread symbiotic relationship on earth -- between plant roots and a type of fungi found in the soil called arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These fungi improve plant growth by increasing roots' ability to absorb phosphorus, while also boosting resistance to pathogens.
As Hijri points out in his talk, the study of AMF and a deeper understanding of them could have big implications for agriculture and could help divert us from an impending crisis -- that we are quickly running out of phosphorus.
Mohamed Hijri | Speaker | TED.com