Will MacAskill: What are the most important moral problems of our time?
Will MacAskill: Kokios yra svarbiausios šių dienų moralinės problemos?
Will MacAskill is a cofounder of the effective altruism movement, a philosophy that tries to answer the question: How can we do as much good as possible? Full bio
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of human civilization.
ekonominę istoriją.
over the last 200,000 years]
per pastaruosius 200 000 metų.)
on the equivalent of one dollar per day,
lygių vienam doleriui per dieną,
extraordinary happened:
in terms of power to change the world,
pakeisti pasaulį atžvilgiu
in human history,
kokiame dabar gyvename, dar nėra buvę,
hasn't yet caught up with this fact.
dar šio fakto nesuvokia.
our understanding of the world
bounty of resources
ir žaliavų šaltinį,
a philosophy and research program
filosofijos ir tyrimų programą,
to these radical changes in our world,
radikalius pokyčius,
to try to answer this question:
samprotavimu, atsakyti į šį klausimą:
you've got to address
kuriuos reikia išspręsti,
or your political engagement,
balsuojant rinkimuose?
who to work with.
Su kuo dirbti?
fundamental problem.
that the world faces,
on trying to solve first?
for thinking about this question,
apsvarstymo struktūrą,
and the more neglected it is.
išsprendžiama, ir užmiršta.
if we do solve the problem.
with less time or money.
because of diminishing returns.
dėl mažėjančios grąžos.
invested into solving a problem,
sprendžiant problemą,
to make additional progress.
to leave with you is this framework,
prisimintumėte, yra ši struktūra.
yra svarbiausios.
in the effective altruism community
altruizmo organizatoriai
that we believe are unusually important,
kurios, tikime, yra ypač svarbios
in global health.
šioje srityje.
malaria, diarrheal disease
sukeltų mirčių skaičius
over 60 million lives.
virš 60 mln. žmonių gyvybes.
than if we'd achieved world peace
užtikrinus visuotinę taiką
long-lasting insecticide-treated bed nets
insekticidais apdirbtus lovos tinklelius
is factory farming.
pramoninė gyvulininkystė.
used every year for food,
yra panaudojami maistui,
are factory farmed,
pramoniniuose ūkiuose,
of horrific suffering.
gyvenimo sąlygų.
the worst-off creatures on this planet,
gyvenančių būtybių pasaulyje.
significantly improve their lives
patobulinti jų gyvenimus
more animals in factory farms
auginama 3000 kartų daugiau,
of the philanthropic funding.
penkiasdešimtadalį filantropinių lėšų.
resources in this area
šioje srityje
that I want to focus on the most,
skirti daugiausia dėmesio.
of existential risks:
or a global pandemic
arba pasaulinė pandemija,
sugriauti civilizaciją,
of the human race.
this is such a big priority
a truly existential catastrophe?
tikrai didelė katastrofa?
of all seven billion people on this planet
pasaulyje gyvenančių žmonių –
and everyone you know and love.
of unimaginable size.
of humanity's future potential,
potential is vast.
turi didžiulį potencialą.
for about 200,000 years,
as a typical mammalian species,
įprasta žinduolių rūšis,
for about two million years.
were a single individual,
su vienu individu,
isn't a typical mammalian species.
įprasta žinduolių rūšis.
after only two million years.
dviejų milijonų metų.
for 500 million years to come.
dar 500 milijonų metų.
for billions more.
dar milijardus metų.
is going to be really big,
even really worth preserving?
how things have been getting worse,
vis prastesnė,
we take the long run,
is life expectancy over time.
not living in extreme poverty.
visiškame skurde, skaičius.
that have decriminalized homosexuality.
nusikaltimu, skaičius.
that have become democratic.
valstybėmis, skaičius.
there could be so much more to gain again.
that are intractable today.
šiandien mus slegiančių problemų.
of how humanity has progressed
flourishing over time,
future progress to look like.
galime tikėtis ateityje.
to live in extreme poverty.
nebegyvens skurde.
everyone to be better off
the fundamental natural laws
pagrindinius gamtos dėsnius,
an entirely new form of art,
visiškai naują meno rūšį,
the ears to hear.
mūsų ausys dar negali girdėti.
the next few thousand years.
keli tūkstančiai metų.
that human accomplishment might reach.
ką dar gali pasiekti žmogus.
and it could be very good,
didi ir labai gera,
we could lose this value?
tremendous technological progress,
milžinišką technologijų progresą,
the global risks of nuclear war
branduolinio karo grėsmė
of extreme climate change.
the same pattern again.
powerful technologies on the horizon.
galingumo technologijos.
the power to create viruses
galimybę kurti
contagiousness and lethality.
laipsnio virusus.
to dramatically alter the earth's climate.
pakeisti Žemės klimatą.
the power to create intelligent agents
kurti protingas būtybes,
of these risks are particularly likely,
yra ypač tikėtinos,
prarasti tiek daug,
matter a great deal.
and you're kind of nervous,
šiek tiek jaudinatės,
chance of crashing. Don't worry."
Nusiraminkite.“
the future of humanity
žmonijos ateities apsaugojimas
that we currently face.
šiuo metu esančių problemų.
that affect future generations
paveiks ateities kartas,
don't participate in markets today.
šių dienų ekonomikoje.
representing the interests
teises asmenų,
the decisions we make today.
kuriuos priimame šiandien.
a paltry amount on these issues:
šioms problemoms spręsti:
only a few tens of millions of dollars
keliasdešimt milijonų dolerių
to the 390 billion dollars
390 milijardų dolerių,
politiniu aktyvumu.
you can support organizations
iniciatyvą,
off hair-trigger alert,
nuo ūmaus perspėjimo sistemos,
develops policy to minimize the damage
kuriančią politiką, kuria sieks sumažinti
pandemijų padarinius.
which does technical research
centrą, kuris atlieka techninius tyrimus
are safe and reliable.
patikimumui užtikrinti.
that care about these risks,
kuriems rūpi šios rizikos,
greater international cooperation.
tarptautinį bendradarbiavimą.
there is so much that you can do.
galite pasiekti ypač daug.
and policymakers and organization leaders,
politikai ir organizacijų vadovai,
and managers and assistants
that are tackling these problems.
kovoja su šiomis grėsmėmis.
of effective altruism
that we don't know.
that are big, solvable and neglected,
didelės, išsprendžiamos ir užmirštos,
difference to the world
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Will MacAskill - Moral philosopher, writerWill MacAskill is a cofounder of the effective altruism movement, a philosophy that tries to answer the question: How can we do as much good as possible?
Why you should listen
Will MacAskill is the author of Doing Good Better and the cofounder of the organization Giving What We Can and the social-impact-career advice project 80,000 Hours. He is a trustee of the Centre for Effective Altruism. As he writes: "I'm an associate professor of moral philosophy at Oxford University. I helped to create the philosophy of effective altruism: the use of evidence and reason to figure out how to do the most good we can.
"While growing up, I tried my best to do good things: I donated to high street charities, I worked at an old folks' home, I taught English in Ethiopia. But when I was a graduate student I realized that I'd never asked myself the question of whether these were the truly best ways of improving the world. So, being a nerd, I started doing some research to try to find out what activities would do the most to make the world a better place. Ten years later, I'm still asking that question.
"I'm still far from certain about what the best ways of doing good are, but I have learned that each and every one of us can do a tremendous amount to make the world a better place, whether that's by donating to buy bednets to protect children from malaria, campaigning to improve living conditions for animals in factory farms or working to ensure that the benefits of new technology are harnessed while avoiding the risks."
Will MacAskill | Speaker | TED.com