Sabine Doebel: How your brain's executive function works -- and how to improve it
Sabine Doebel: Kaip veikia mūsų smegenų vykdomosios funkcijos, ir kaip jas patobulinti
Sabine Doebel studies the developing mind to understand how experience shapes our thinking and executive control skills. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
vairuoti automobilį.
kad mano smegenys senesnės.
when you first learned how to drive?
pirmą kartą mokėtės vairuoti?
was so conscious and deliberate?
sąmoningai ir apgalvotai?
completely wiped out mentally.
visiškai protiškai išsekusi.
I know that this is because I was using
žinau, kad taip yra todėl,
called executive function.
to consciously control our thoughts,
gebėjimą sąmoningai kontroliuoti
to break away from habit,
pakeisti įpročius, nuslopinti impulsus
when things go wrong.
kai padarome ką nors ne taip.
poured orange juice on your cereal?
dribsnius apelsinų sultimis?
kad pražiopsojote susitikimą?
you've missed a meeting?
on the way home from work
pakeliui namo,
instead on autopilot?
nuvykote tiesiai namo?
in executive function.
every day in all aspects of our lives.
kasdien, visuose savo gyvenimo aspektuose.
that it predicts all kinds of good things
gali nuspėti daugybę įdomių dalykų
mental and physical health,
pasiekimai, protinė ir fizinė sveikata,
are so interested in understanding it
suprasti vykdomąsias funkcijas
jas patobulinti.
a huge self-improvement buzzword.
funkcijos tapo itin populiarios
through brain-training iPhone apps
treniravimo programėlėmis,
like playing chess.
pavyzdžiui, žaidžiant šachmatais.
to train it in the lab
laboratorijose,
and other things related to it,
su jomis susijusius aspektus,
about executive function is all wrong.
yra visiškai neteisingas.
patobulinti vykdomųjų funkcijų,
executive function in a broad sense
itin specifiniu būdu,
exercising it in a narrow way,
in which we actually use it.
jas ir naudojame, įtakos.
function app on your phone,
savo telefone, tačiau
pouring OJ on your Cheeerios twice a week.
sultis and dribsnių dukart per savaitę.
your executive function
vykdomąsias funkcijas
kaip jas paveikia kontekstas.
how it's influenced by context.
that we use in the lab
laboratorijoje
in young children
vykdomąsias funkcijas
pagal kintančius kriterijus“.
cards in one way --
pirmiausia vienu būdu – pagal formą,
surūšiuoti korteles kitu būdu,
ir toliau rūšiuoja korteles įprastu būdu,
keep sorting the cards in the old way
kaip jie turėtų rūšiuoti.
them of what they should be doing.
dėk ją čia. Kai raudona – čia.
If it's red, put it here.
a different game.
the color game anymore.
gerai?
and all the trucks go here, OK?
panaudoti vykdomųjų funkcijų.
to use her executive function.
ją šios užduoties,
and others like it
her executive function outside of the lab?
funkcijas už laboratorijos ribų?
she'll need to use executive function
jai reikėtų naudoti vykdomąsias funkcijas
between shape and color.
spalvų pereiti prie formų.
from adding to multiplying
prie dauginimo,
to thinking about her friend.
prie galvojimo apie draugą.
depends on things
priklauso nuo to,
and what your peers are doing.
on the strategies that you execute
in a particular situation.
tam tikrose situacijose.
that context really matters.
– itin svarbus.
from my research.
iš mano tyrimų.
to do the classic marshmallow test,
atlikti klasikinį zefyrų testą,
of delay of gratification
patenkinimo delsimą.
a lot of executive function.
daugybę vykdomųjų funkcijų.
to go to the other room
į kitą kambarį
that second marshmallow,
How long can they wait?
kiek ilgai jie gali laukti?
to look at the effects of context.
aš šiek tiek pakeičiau tyrimą.
jie priklauso grupei,
a green T-shirt to wear.
žalius marškinėlius.
waited for two marshmallows,
antro zefyro,
for two marshmallows
to see how long they waited.
kiek ilgai jie laukė.
for two marshmallows
that they'd never even met.
kurios jie net nebuvo sutikę.
I still didn't know
aš vis tiek nežinojau,
or if it was something deeper than that.
ar tai buvo kažkas daugiau.
I showed them pictures of pairs of kids,
vaikų nuotraukas,
likes to have things right away,
mėgsta gauti viską iš karto,
more of these things."
sausainių ir lipdukų.“
do you like more
who believed that their group waited
kad jų grupė laukė,
who liked to wait for things.
kurie irgi mėgo laukti.
made them value waiting more.
vertino laukimą kur kas labiau.
vykdomąsias funkcijas
to help themselves wait,
padedančias jiems išlaukti.
or turning away from the marshmallow
nusisukti nuo zefyro,
savo dėmesį.
is just how much context matters.
turi kontestas.
had good executive function or bad,
ar blogas vykdomąsias funkcijas,
helped them use it better.
jas geriau panaudoti.
for you and for your kids?
to learn Spanish.
pakeisti kontekstą,
with other people who also want to learn,
irgi nori išmokti kalbą.
that you really like.
to use executive function.
naudoti vykdomąsias funkcijas.
your child do better on her math homework.
geriau atlikti namų darbus.
to use executive function
naudojimo strategijų
before she starts studying
padėti mobilųjį į šalį.
after studying for an hour.
po valandos mokymosi.
like context is everything.
yra vienintelis svarbus dalykas.
and it's shaped by numerous factors.
ir jas paveikia daugybė faktorių.
your executive function
vykdomąsias funkcijas
your goals matter more to you,
labiau susitelkti ties savo tikslais,
in that particular situation.
when they said, "Know thyself."
„Pažink save.“
how context shapes your behavior
kaip kontekstas paveikia jūsų veiksmus,
to change for the better.
teigiamiems pokyčiams.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sabine Doebel - Cognitive scientistSabine Doebel studies the developing mind to understand how experience shapes our thinking and executive control skills.
Why you should listen
Sabine Doebel conducts research with children in an effort to understand the nature of the mind, with much of her work focusing on how children develop the cognitive abilities that serve us so well as adults, like controlling impulses, thinking ahead, and staying on task.
Doebel is an incoming assistant professor in the Department of Psychology at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia, where she will direct the brand new Developing Minds Lab. She earned her PhD from the Institute of Child Development at the University of Minnesota and subsequently was a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Colorado Boulder. Her research has been funded by the National Institutes of Health and published in Psychological Science, Cognition, Developmental Psychology and Child Development. A full list of her publications can be found here.
Doebel is also a passionate advocate of open science and has received funding from the National Science Foundation to help developmental scientists adopt transparency-enhancing practices that will allow them to build more easily on each other's work.
Sabine Doebel | Speaker | TED.com