TED2008
Siegfried Woldhek: The search for the true face of Leonardo
Zigfrīds Voldheks: Leonardo patiesās sejas meklējumi
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Mona Liza ir viena no pazīstamākajām pasaules sejām. Bet vai jūs atpazītu Leonardo da Vinči attēlu? Ilustrētājs Zigfrīds Voldhelks izmanto atjautīgus attēlu analīzes paņēmienus, lai noskaidrotu, kāda, viņaprāt, ir bijusi patiesā Leonardo seja.
Siegfried Woldhek - Illustrator
Siegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci. Full bio
Siegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Good morning.
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Labrīt.
00:14
Let's look for a minute at the greatest icon of all, Leonardo da Vinci.
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Mirkli palūkosimies uz visu laiku dižāko ikonu — Leonardo da Vinči.
00:19
We're all familiar with his fantastic work --
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Mēs visi esam pazīstami ar viņa lieliskajiem darbiem,
00:22
his drawings, his paintings, his inventions, his writings.
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viņa zīmējumiem, gleznām, izgudrojumiem, rakstiem.
00:25
But we do not know his face.
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Bet mēs nepazīstam viņa seju.
00:27
Thousands of books have been written about him,
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Par viņu ir uzrakstīts tūkstošiem grāmatu,
00:30
but there's controversy, and it remains, about his looks.
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bet par to, kā viņš izskatījās, vēl joprojām strīdas.
00:34
Even this well-known portrait is not accepted by many art historians.
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Pat šo plaši pazīstamo portretu daudzi vēsturnieki nav atzinuši par Leonardo.
00:39
So, what do you think?
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Kā domājat jūs?
00:41
Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it?
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Vai tā ir Leonardo da Vinči seja vai nav?
00:44
Let's find out.
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Tūliņ noskaidrosim.
00:47
Leonardo was a man that drew everything around him.
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Leonardo bija vīrs, kas zīmēja visu, kas viņam bija apkārt.
00:50
He drew people, anatomy, plants, animals, landscapes, buildings, water, everything.
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Viņš zīmēja cilvēkus, anatomiju, augus, dzīvniekus, ainavas, ēkas, ūdeni, visu.
00:58
But no faces?
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Bet ne sejas?
01:00
I find that hard to believe.
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Man tam ir grūti noticēt.
01:02
His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here --
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Citi tā laika mākslinieki zīmēja arī sejas, tādas kā var redzēt te.
01:05
en face or three-quarters.
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Sejas no priekšas vai vismaz 3/4 pagriezienā.
01:07
So, surely a passionate drawer like Leonardo
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Tāpēc noteikti tāds kaislīgs zīmētājs kā Leonardo,
01:10
must have made self-portraits from time to time.
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ik pa laikam būtu uzzīmējis savus pašportretus.
01:14
So let's try to find them.
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Pamēģināsim tos atrast.
01:16
I think that if we were to scan all of his work
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Manuprāt, ja mēs ieskenētu visus viņa darbus
01:19
and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us.
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un atlasītu tikai pašportretus, mēs atrastu mums pretī raugāmies viņa seju.
01:23
So I looked at all of his drawings, more than 700,
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Tā nu es apskatīju visus viņa zīmējumus, vairāk nekā 700,
01:27
and looked for male portraits.
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un meklēju vīriešu portretus.
01:30
There are about 120, you see them here.
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Kā var redzēt, to bija apmēram 120.
01:33
Which ones of these could be self-portraits?
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Kuri no tiem varēja būt pašportreti?
01:35
Well, for that they have to be done as we just saw, en face or three-quarters.
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Kā mēs nupat redzējām, sejai bija jāskatās pretī vai jābūt 3/4 pagriezienā.
01:40
So we can eliminate all the profiles.
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Tāpēc mēs atmetām visus sānskatus.
01:43
It also has to be sufficiently detailed.
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Tam bija jābūt arī pietiekami detalizētam.
01:45
So we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized.
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Tāpēc mēs varējām atmest arī tos, kuri bija ļoti neskaidri vai ļoti stilizēti.
01:51
And we know from his contemporaries
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Kā mēs zinām no citiem tajā laikā dzīvojošajiem cilvēkiem
01:53
that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man.
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Leonardo bija ļoti glīts, pat skaists vīrietis.
01:56
So we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures.
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Tāpēc mēs varējām atmest arī neglītos un karikatūras.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:01
And look what happens -- only three candidates remain that fit the bill.
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Lūk, kas notiek, paliek tikai trīs atbilstošie kandidāti.
02:06
And here they are.
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Te nu tie ir.
02:08
Yes, indeed, the old man is there,
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Jā, patiesi, to starpā ir arī vecais vīrs,
02:10
as is this famous pen drawing of the Homo Vitruvianus.
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kā arī slavenais „Vitrūvija cilvēka” zīmējums ar pildspalvu.
02:13
And lastly, the only portrait of a male that Leonardo painted, "The Musician."
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Un visbeidzot, vienīgais Leonardo uzgleznotais vīrieša portrets: „Mūziķis”.
02:18
Before we go into these faces,
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Pirms mēs sīkāk apskatām šīs sejas,
02:20
I should explain why I have some right to talk about them.
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es paskaidrošu, kāpēc es varu par tām tā spriest.
02:23
I've made more than 1,100 portraits myself
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Es esmu dažādiem laikrakstiem uzzīmējis vairāk nekā
02:27
for newspapers, over the course of 300 -- 30 years, sorry, 30 years only.
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1,100 dažādus portretus, 300 gadu, 30 gadu, piedodiet, tikai 30 gadu laikā.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Smiekli)
02:32
But there are 1,100, and very few artists have drawn so many faces.
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Bet tie ir 1,100 portreti, un reti kurš mākslinieks ir zīmējis tik daudz sejas.
02:37
So I know a little about drawing and analyzing faces.
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Tāpēc es nedaudz saprotu no seju zīmēšanas un analizēšanas.
02:40
OK, now let's look at these three portraits.
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Labi, nu paskatīsimies uz šiem trim portretiem.
02:43
And hold onto your seats, because if we zoom in on those faces,
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Pieturieties pie saviem krēsliem, jo, pievelkot tuvāk šīs sejas,
02:46
remark how they have the same broad forehead, the horizontal eyebrows,
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redzam, kā visām ir vienādi platā piere, horizontālās uzacis,
02:50
the long nose, the curved lips and the small, well-developed chin.
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garais deguns, izliektās lūpas un mazā, izteiktā žokļa.
02:53
I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw that.
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Pirmo reizi to ieraugot, es nespēju noticēt savām acīm.
02:56
There is no reason why these portraits should look alike.
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Šiem portretiem nebija nekāda iemesla būt tik līdzīgiem.
02:58
All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait,
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Mēs tik vien kā portretos meklējām pašportreta iezīmes,
03:02
and look, they are very similar.
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un, paskat tik, visi attēlotie cilvēki ir ļoti līdzīgi.
03:04
Now, are they made in the right order?
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Tātad, vai viņi ir pareizā secībā?
03:07
The young man should be made first.
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Jauneklim būtu jābūt pirmajam.
03:09
And as you see here from the years that they were created,
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Kā to var redzēt pēc uzzīmēšanas gadiem,
03:11
it is indeed the case.
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tā patiešām arī ir.
03:13
They are made in the right order.
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Tie ir pareizā secībā.
03:15
What was the age of Leonardo at the time? Does that fit?
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Cik Leonardo tajā laikā bija gadu? Vai gadi atbilst?
03:17
Yes, it does. He was 33, 38 and 63 when these were made.
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Jā, atbilst. Viņam to uzzīmēšanas gados bija 33, 38 un 63 gadi.
03:20
So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person
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Tātad, mums ir trīs attēli, kas, iespējams, ir viens un tas pats cilvēks
03:24
of the same age as Leonardo at the time.
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ar līdzīgu vecumu, kāds tobrīd bija Leonardo.
03:26
But how do we know it's him, and not someone else?
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Bet, kā lai mēs zinām, ka tas ir viņš un nevis kāds cits?
03:29
Well, we need a reference.
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Mums vajag atsauci.
03:31
And here's the only picture of Leonardo that's widely accepted.
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Lūk, vienīgais plaši atzītais Leonardo attēlojums.
03:35
It's a statue made by Verrocchio, of David,
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Šo statuju ir izgatavojis Verrokio, „Dāvids”,
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for which Leonardo posed as a boy of 15.
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kam Leonardo pozēja kā 15 gadus vecs puika.
03:40
And if we now compare the face of the statue,
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Ja mēs salīdzinām statujas seju
03:43
with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again.
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ar mūziķa seju, jūs varat redzēt tās pašas iezīmes.
03:47
The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo
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Statuja ir atsauce, un tā savieno šīs trīs sejas
03:50
to those three faces.
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kā Leonardo identitāti.
03:52
Ladies and gentlemen, this story has not yet been published.
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Dāmas un kungi, šis raksts vēl nav publicēts.
03:57
It's only proper that you here at TED hear and see it first.
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Tas ir tikai pareizi, ka jūs TED to redzat un dzirdat pirmie.
04:00
The icon of icons finally has a face.
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Ikonu ikonai beidzot ir seja.
04:03
Here he is: Leonardo da Vinci.
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Te nu viņš ir — Leonardo da Vinči.
04:05
(Applause)
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(Aplausi)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Siegfried Woldhek - IllustratorSiegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci.
Why you should listen
The work of illustrator Siegfried Woldhek is a familiar sight in the European press. His witty pen and sharp eye for faces helps him capture political and literary figures in his home country, the Netherlands, and around the world (he estimates he's drawn 1,100 faces). He's also an accomplished illustrator of nature, and was the longtime CEO of the Dutch branch of the World Wildlife Fund.
Woldhek is the founder of nabuur.com, "the global neighbor network." On nabuur.com, villages in developing communities can connect with volunteers and resources online throughout the world -- sort of a Match.com that pairs communities with the people who'd like to get involved.
Siegfried Woldhek | Speaker | TED.com