TED2008
Siegfried Woldhek: The search for the true face of Leonardo
Siegfried Woldhek objasňuje akým spôsobom objavil skutočnú tvár Leonarda
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Mona Líza je jednou z najznámejších tvárí na našej planéte. Dokázali by ste však spoznať portrét Leonarda da Vinciho? Ilustrátor Siegfried Woldhek používa premyslenú techniku analýzy obrazov, aby objavil to, o čom si myslí, že je skutočná tvár Leonarda.
Siegfried Woldhek - Illustrator
Siegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci. Full bio
Siegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Good morning.
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Dobré ráno.
00:14
Let's look for a minute at the greatest icon of all, Leonardo da Vinci.
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Poďme na chvíľu hľadať najväčšiu ikonu zo všetkých, Leonarda da Vinciho.
00:19
We're all familiar with his fantastic work --
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Všetci poznáme jeho úžasné diela,
00:22
his drawings, his paintings, his inventions, his writings.
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jeho kresby, maľby, vynálezy a spisy.
00:25
But we do not know his face.
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Nepoznáme však jeho tvár.
00:27
Thousands of books have been written about him,
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Boli o ňom napísané tisíce kníh,
00:30
but there's controversy, and it remains, about his looks.
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no stále aktuálny je spor o tom, ako vyzerá.
00:34
Even this well-known portrait is not accepted by many art historians.
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Ešte aj tento veľmi dobre známy portrét mnoho historikov neakceptuje.
00:39
So, what do you think?
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Čo si myslíte?
00:41
Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it?
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Je toto tvár Leonarda da Vinciho alebo nie?
00:44
Let's find out.
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Pokúsme sa na to prísť.
00:47
Leonardo was a man that drew everything around him.
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Leonardo bol človek, ktorý maľoval všetko vôkol seba.
00:50
He drew people, anatomy, plants, animals, landscapes, buildings, water, everything.
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Maľoval ľudí, anatómiu, rastliny, zvieratá, krajinky, stavby, vodu, všetko.
00:58
But no faces?
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Nemaľoval však žiadne tváre?
01:00
I find that hard to believe.
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Ťažko mi je tomu uveriť.
01:02
His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here --
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Jeho súčasníci zobrazovali tváre, ako tí, ktorých tu môžete vidieť,
01:05
en face or three-quarters.
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tvárou v tvár alebo tri štvrtiny.
01:07
So, surely a passionate drawer like Leonardo
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Vášnivý maliar ako Leonardo
01:10
must have made self-portraits from time to time.
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musel celkom určite z času na čas urobiť autoportrét.
01:14
So let's try to find them.
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Pokúsme sa ho teda nájsť.
01:16
I think that if we were to scan all of his work
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Myslím, že keby sme si pozorne pozreli všetky jeho diela
01:19
and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us.
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a hľadali autoportrét, objavili by sme, ako sa jeho tvár na nás pozerá.
01:23
So I looked at all of his drawings, more than 700,
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Pozrel som sa na všetky jeho maľby. Bolo ich vyše 700
01:27
and looked for male portraits.
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a hľadal som portréty mužov.
01:30
There are about 120, you see them here.
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Existuje ich okolo 120. Tu sú.
01:33
Which ones of these could be self-portraits?
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Ktorý z nich by mohol byť jeho autoportrét?
01:35
Well, for that they have to be done as we just saw, en face or three-quarters.
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Nuž, musí byť zobrazený tak, ako sme videli, teda tvárou v tvár alebo tri štvrtiny.
01:40
So we can eliminate all the profiles.
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Môžeme teda vylúčiť všetky profily.
01:43
It also has to be sufficiently detailed.
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Musí byť taktiež dostatočne detailný.
01:45
So we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized.
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Môžeme teda tiež vylúčiť tie, ktoré sú veľmi nejasné a štylizované.
01:51
And we know from his contemporaries
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Od jeho súčasníkov taktiež vieme,
01:53
that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man.
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že Leonardo bol veľmi pekný, dokonca nádherný muž.
01:56
So we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures.
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Môžeme teda vylúčiť i tých škaredých, ako aj karikatúry.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:01
And look what happens -- only three candidates remain that fit the bill.
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Pozrime sa, čo sa stane. Zostávajú iba traja kandidáti, ktorí vyhovujú popisu.
02:06
And here they are.
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Tu sú.
02:08
Yes, indeed, the old man is there,
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Áno, naozaj je tam aj starý muž,
02:10
as is this famous pen drawing of the Homo Vitruvianus.
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jeho známa perokrezba „Vitruviánsky muž“
02:13
And lastly, the only portrait of a male that Leonardo painted, "The Musician."
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a nakoniec i jediný portrét muža, ktorý Leonardo namaľoval, „Hudobník“.
02:18
Before we go into these faces,
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Predtým, ako pristúpime k týmto tváram,
02:20
I should explain why I have some right to talk about them.
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mal by som vysvetliť, prečo mám isté právo o nich hovoriť.
02:23
I've made more than 1,100 portraits myself
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Sám som pre noviny vytvoril viac ako 1100 portrétov
02:27
for newspapers, over the course of 300 -- 30 years, sorry, 30 years only.
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v priebehu 300 – 30 rokov, prepáčte, iba 30 rokov.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(Smiech)
02:32
But there are 1,100, and very few artists have drawn so many faces.
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Je ich ale 1100 a veľmi málo umelcov nakreslilo toľko veľa tvárí.
02:37
So I know a little about drawing and analyzing faces.
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Niečo málo teda viem o maľovaní a analyzovaní tvárí.
02:40
OK, now let's look at these three portraits.
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Dobre, teraz sa pozrime na tieto tri portréty.
02:43
And hold onto your seats, because if we zoom in on those faces,
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Držte sa však poriadne svojich sedadiel, pretože keď si tieto tváre priblížime,
02:46
remark how they have the same broad forehead, the horizontal eyebrows,
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všimnete si, aké majú rovnako široké čelo, horizontálne obočie,
02:50
the long nose, the curved lips and the small, well-developed chin.
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dlhý nos, zaoblené pery a malú, výraznú bradu.
02:53
I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw that.
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Keď som to prvýkrát uvidel, nemohol som veriť vlastným očiam.
02:56
There is no reason why these portraits should look alike.
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Neexistuje dôvod, prečo by mali tieto portréty vyzerať rovnako.
02:58
All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait,
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Pritom sme však len hľadali portréty, ktoré mali znaky autoportrétu
03:02
and look, they are very similar.
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a pozrite sa, sú si veľmi podobné.
03:04
Now, are they made in the right order?
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Sú zoradené v správnom poradí?
03:07
The young man should be made first.
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Mladý muž by mal byť prvý.
03:09
And as you see here from the years that they were created,
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Ako môžete vidieť podľa rokov, kedy boli vytvorené,
03:11
it is indeed the case.
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je to naozaj tak.
03:13
They are made in the right order.
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Boli vytvorené v správnom poradí.
03:15
What was the age of Leonardo at the time? Does that fit?
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Aký starý bol v tom čase Leonardo? Zhoduje sa to?
03:17
Yes, it does. He was 33, 38 and 63 when these were made.
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Áno, zhoduje. Keď boli namaľované, mal 33, 38 a 63 rokov.
03:20
So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person
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Máme teda tri obrazy, potenciálne tej istej osoby
03:24
of the same age as Leonardo at the time.
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toho istého veku, aký mal v tom čase Leonardo.
03:26
But how do we know it's him, and not someone else?
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Ako ale vieme, že ide o neho a nie o niekoho iného?
03:29
Well, we need a reference.
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Nuž, potrebujeme odkaz.
03:31
And here's the only picture of Leonardo that's widely accepted.
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Tu máme jediné vyobrazenie Leonarda, ktoré je verejnosťou oficiálne uznávané.
03:35
It's a statue made by Verrocchio, of David,
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Ide o sochu Dávida, ktorú vytvoril Verrocchio,
03:38
for which Leonardo posed as a boy of 15.
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pre ktorú Leonardo pózoval ako 15-ročný chlapec.
03:40
And if we now compare the face of the statue,
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Ak teraz porovnáme tvár sochy
03:43
with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again.
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s tvárou hudobníka, opäť uvidíte rovnaké črty.
03:47
The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo
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Socha je odkazom, ktorý spája identitu Leonarda
03:50
to those three faces.
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s týmito tromi tvárami.
03:52
Ladies and gentlemen, this story has not yet been published.
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Dámy a páni, táto správa ešte nebola zverejnená.
03:57
It's only proper that you here at TED hear and see it first.
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Je to správne, že vy tu na koferencii TED ste prví, ktorí o tom počujete a vidíte to.
04:00
The icon of icons finally has a face.
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Ikona ikon má konečne tvár.
04:03
Here he is: Leonardo da Vinci.
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To je on, Leonardo da Vinci.
04:05
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Siegfried Woldhek - IllustratorSiegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci.
Why you should listen
The work of illustrator Siegfried Woldhek is a familiar sight in the European press. His witty pen and sharp eye for faces helps him capture political and literary figures in his home country, the Netherlands, and around the world (he estimates he's drawn 1,100 faces). He's also an accomplished illustrator of nature, and was the longtime CEO of the Dutch branch of the World Wildlife Fund.
Woldhek is the founder of nabuur.com, "the global neighbor network." On nabuur.com, villages in developing communities can connect with volunteers and resources online throughout the world -- sort of a Match.com that pairs communities with the people who'd like to get involved.
Siegfried Woldhek | Speaker | TED.com