TED2008
Siegfried Woldhek: The search for the true face of Leonardo
Siegfried Woldhek展現如何發現達文西的真實樣貌
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蒙娜麗莎是世界上最為熟知的臉孔, 但是你認得出李奧納多 達文西的長相嗎? 插畫家Siegfried Woldhek使用一些影像分析技術發現達文西的真實樣貌
Siegfried Woldhek - Illustrator
Siegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci. Full bio
Siegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Good morning.
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早安.
00:14
Let's look for a minute at the greatest icon of all, Leonardo da Vinci.
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讓我們花幾分鐘的時間發現最偉大的人物--李奧納多達文西.
00:19
We're all familiar with his fantastic work --
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我們都很熟悉他的精彩作品--
00:22
his drawings, his paintings, his inventions, his writings.
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他的素描, 油畫, 發明, 寫作.
00:25
But we do not know his face.
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但是我們卻不知道他的長相.
00:27
Thousands of books have been written about him,
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數以千計的書籍都描寫到他,
00:30
but there's controversy, and it remains, about his looks.
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但是有所爭論的,至今仍是他的長相.
00:34
Even this well-known portrait is not accepted by many art historians.
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即使是這個為人所熟知的肖像仍不被許多藝術史學家所接受.
00:39
So, what do you think?
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那麼你認為呢?
00:41
Is this the face of Leonardo da Vinci or isn't it?
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這是李奧納多達文西的臉或不是呢??
00:44
Let's find out.
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讓我們查證一下吧~
00:47
Leonardo was a man that drew everything around him.
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李奧納多是個會畫他周遭的各種事物的人.
00:50
He drew people, anatomy, plants, animals, landscapes, buildings, water, everything.
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他畫人們 體內構造, 植物, 動物, 風景, 建築, 水, 各式各樣東西.
00:58
But no faces?
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但是沒有臉孔嗎?
01:00
I find that hard to believe.
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我發現這難以相信.
01:02
His contemporaries made faces, like the ones you see here --
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他那個時代的人會畫肖像, 就像這邊你看到的.
01:05
en face or three-quarters.
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正面或四分之三側面.
01:07
So, surely a passionate drawer like Leonardo
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所以像達文西這麼熱衷繪畫的畫家
01:10
must have made self-portraits from time to time.
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應該不時會有自畫像.
01:14
So let's try to find them.
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就讓我們來發現吧~
01:16
I think that if we were to scan all of his work
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我想如果我們就來掃描他所有作品
01:19
and look for self-portraits, we would find his face looking at us.
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並且尋找自畫像 我會發現他的臉正注視著我們
01:23
So I looked at all of his drawings, more than 700,
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所以我看了他所有的畫作 超過七百件,
01:27
and looked for male portraits.
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並且尋找男性肖像.
01:30
There are about 120, you see them here.
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這邊你看到的有大概120件.
01:33
Which ones of these could be self-portraits?
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哪些可能是自畫像呢?
01:35
Well, for that they have to be done as we just saw, en face or three-quarters.
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好的, 如各位所見, 他們是全臉或3/4側的作品.
01:40
So we can eliminate all the profiles.
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因此我們可以淘汰所有的側面.
01:43
It also has to be sufficiently detailed.
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還是必須要有足夠的細節.
01:45
So we can also eliminate the ones that are very vague or very stylized.
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所以我們可以淘汰掉很模糊或是過於公式化的.
01:51
And we know from his contemporaries
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我們從他同時期的人中知道
01:53
that Leonardo was a very handsome, even beautiful man.
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李奧納多是個好看英俊的人.
01:56
So we can also eliminate the ugly ones or the caricatures.
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因此我們可以淘汰一些醜陋或滑稽的.
02:00
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:01
And look what happens -- only three candidates remain that fit the bill.
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看一下發生了什麼? 只有三個作品符合條件.
02:06
And here they are.
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就是它們.
02:08
Yes, indeed, the old man is there,
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的確, 老人素描就在這裡面,
02:10
as is this famous pen drawing of the Homo Vitruvianus.
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如同這幅知名的鉛筆畫作" 維特魯威人".
02:13
And lastly, the only portrait of a male that Leonardo painted, "The Musician."
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最後 李奧納多唯一所繪的一幅男性肖像,"音樂家".
02:18
Before we go into these faces,
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在我們進入這些臉孔之前,
02:20
I should explain why I have some right to talk about them.
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我應該解釋為什麼我有權談論他們.
02:23
I've made more than 1,100 portraits myself
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我本身畫了超過1,100幅畫像,
02:27
for newspapers, over the course of 300 -- 30 years, sorry, 30 years only.
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為了報紙 畫了超過300-- 喔,不!抱歉! 只有30年.
02:31
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
02:32
But there are 1,100, and very few artists have drawn so many faces.
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但是這裡有1,100幅, 很少有藝術家畫過這麼多臉孔.
02:37
So I know a little about drawing and analyzing faces.
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所以我略懂關於繪畫與分析臉孔.
02:40
OK, now let's look at these three portraits.
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好的, 讓我們看看這三張肖像.
02:43
And hold onto your seats, because if we zoom in on those faces,
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在位子上坐好了, 因為我們要推近到這些臉蛋,
02:46
remark how they have the same broad forehead, the horizontal eyebrows,
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標示他們是怎麼有相同的寬額頭, 平的眉毛,
02:50
the long nose, the curved lips and the small, well-developed chin.
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長鼻子, 彎曲的嘴唇及小的發育良好的下巴.
02:53
I couldn't believe my eyes when I first saw that.
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當我第一眼看見時 我不敢相信我的眼睛.
02:56
There is no reason why these portraits should look alike.
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沒有道理這些肖像看起來超像.
02:58
All we did was look for portraits that had the characteristics of a self-portrait,
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我們所做的就是從所有肖像中找出自畫像的特徵,
03:02
and look, they are very similar.
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看吧, 他們非常相像.
03:04
Now, are they made in the right order?
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現在, 他們是對的順序嗎?
03:07
The young man should be made first.
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這個年輕人應該是第一個.
03:09
And as you see here from the years that they were created,
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就像你見到的 它們在這些年代被創造出來,
03:11
it is indeed the case.
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的確如此.
03:13
They are made in the right order.
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他們都在正確的順序.
03:15
What was the age of Leonardo at the time? Does that fit?
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李奧納多這時候是幾歲? 有符合嗎?
03:17
Yes, it does. He was 33, 38 and 63 when these were made.
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是的. 這些作品創作時他當時是33歲38歲以及63歲.
03:20
So we have three pictures, potentially of the same person
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所以我們有三幅畫像, 很有可能是畫同一個人.
03:24
of the same age as Leonardo at the time.
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跟李奧納多當時的年紀相當.
03:26
But how do we know it's him, and not someone else?
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但是我們怎麼知道這就是他?而不是其他人呢?
03:29
Well, we need a reference.
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是的, 我們需要參考資料.
03:31
And here's the only picture of Leonardo that's widely accepted.
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這是唯一一幅被普遍接受的達文西畫象.
03:35
It's a statue made by Verrocchio, of David,
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就是"韋羅基奧的大衛像",
03:38
for which Leonardo posed as a boy of 15.
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以15歲時的李奧納多為模特兒.
03:40
And if we now compare the face of the statue,
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假如我們比較一下這個雕像的臉,
03:43
with the face of the musician, you see the very same features again.
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與"音樂家"的臉, 你可以再次看到非常相像的特徵.
03:47
The statue is the reference, and it connects the identity of Leonardo
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這個雕像是個參考, 它連繫了李奧納多的識別
03:50
to those three faces.
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與這三張臉.
03:52
Ladies and gentlemen, this story has not yet been published.
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各位先生女士, 這件事還沒有公諸於世.
03:57
It's only proper that you here at TED hear and see it first.
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只有在座的各位在TED首先看到.
04:00
The icon of icons finally has a face.
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這個指標中的指標性人物終於有了長相.
04:03
Here he is: Leonardo da Vinci.
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這就是-- 李奧納多 達文西.
04:05
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Siegfried Woldhek - IllustratorSiegfried Woldhek knows faces -- he's drawn more than 1,100 of them. Using sophisticated image analysis and his own skills as an artist, he's come up with a fascinating discovery about Leonardo Da Vinci.
Why you should listen
The work of illustrator Siegfried Woldhek is a familiar sight in the European press. His witty pen and sharp eye for faces helps him capture political and literary figures in his home country, the Netherlands, and around the world (he estimates he's drawn 1,100 faces). He's also an accomplished illustrator of nature, and was the longtime CEO of the Dutch branch of the World Wildlife Fund.
Woldhek is the founder of nabuur.com, "the global neighbor network." On nabuur.com, villages in developing communities can connect with volunteers and resources online throughout the world -- sort of a Match.com that pairs communities with the people who'd like to get involved.
Siegfried Woldhek | Speaker | TED.com