Amy Smith: Simple designs to save a life
Amy Smith deelt eenvoudig, levensreddend design
Amy Smith designs cheap, practical fixes for tough problems in developing countries. Among her many accomplishments, the MIT engineer received a MacArthur "genius" grant in 2004 and was the first woman to win the Lemelson-MIT Prize for turning her ideas into inventions. Full bio
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of one of my favorite projects.
that I'm working on,
een grote impact hebben.
to make a huge impact around the world.
health issues on the planet,
van kindersterfte onder de vijf jaar.
in children under five.
Diarree? Ondervoeding?
Diarrhea? Malnutrition?
from indoor cooking fires --
Kan je dat geloven?
caused by this.
and somewhat appalling.
schonere kookbrandstoffen maken?
cleaner burning cooking fuels?
tot meer dan twee miljoen doden per jaar?
to over two million deaths every year?
about the wonders of carbon nanotubes,
about the wonders of carbon macro-tubes,
Haïti is nu 98% ontbost.
all over the island.
of environmental problems
throughout the nation.
there was severe flooding
een ernstige overstroming
om de grond te stabiliseren.
to stabilize the soil.
en het gebied overstroomt.
and the flooding happens.
why there are so few trees is this:
and they make charcoal in order to do it.
to the environmental damage.
but they have no other choice.
bevalt hen niet.
that they like their food prepared.
into the forest to find a tree,
to look at alternative cooking fuels.
naar alternatieve kookbrandstoffen.
met een groep studenten in Haïti
a team of students down to Haiti
Peace Corps volunteers there.
in the village where he worked.
that you could take waste paper;
that could be used for fuel.
went to work on it
the throughput of this device.
they were very excited about it.
so that they could test them.
that they found was they didn't burn.
discouraging to the students.
it says, "US Peace Corps."
te zijn in dit dorp.
any waste paper in this village.
of government paperwork
back with him to his village,
there might be a better way
an alternative cooking fuel.
is we wanted to make a fuel
readily available on the local level.
ter plaatse beschikbaar is.
kleine suikermolens
rest de ‘bagasse’.
from the sugarcane
so they don't feed it to the animals.
until eventually they burn it.
tot ze het uiteindelijk verbranden.
we wanted to find a way
and turn it into a fuel
that people could easily cook with,
to develop a process.
en een eenvoudige oven
and then you take a very simple kiln
a waste fifty five-gallon oil drum.
that goes into the kiln,
with this carbonized material here.
het is te fijn
to be useful for cooking.
to form it into useful briquettes.
one of my students was from Ghana,
used to make for him called "kokonte,"
made out of the cassava root.
gemaakt van de cassavewortel.
is indeed grown in Haiti,
cassava is allemaal hetzelfde:
it's all the same thing --
sticky porridge out of it,
the charcoal briquettes.
We gingen naar Haïti.
van de eerste 'Ecole de Charbon',
of the first Ecole de Charbon,
Ik geef les zowel aan MIT als aan HIT.
an instructor at MIT as well as CIT.
Dit is India.
to a different continent.
cooking fuel in India.
this produces really smoky fires,
the health impacts
and biomass as a fuel.
are especially affected by it,
who are around the cooking fires.
this charcoal-making technology there.
they didn't have sugarcane
van biomassa.
the locally available sources of biomass.
and there was rice straw in this area.
was actually small amounts of cow manure,
the charcoal briquettes
burning of a cooking fuel.
a lot more quickly.
comparisons with wood charcoal,
doordat ze uiteenvielen tijdens het koken.
as they were cooking.
to make a stronger briquette
wood charcoal in the markets in Haiti.
op de markt in Haïti.
en haalden de Instronmachine boven.
what sort of forces you needed
a briquette to the level
improved performance out of it?
bestudeerden,
students in the lab looking at this,
working to develop the process,
maken voor de dorpelingen.
to people in the villages there.
die kolen produceert
that allows you to produce charcoal,
cleaner than wood charcoal.
dat echt beter is
where we have a product,
you can buy in Haiti in the marketplace,
30 miljoen bomen gekapt per jaar.
are cut down every year.
of this being implemented
van die houtskool 260 miljoen dollar.
from that charcoal is 260 million dollars.
for a country like Haiti --
van minder dan 400 dollar.
of less than 400 dollars.
met ons houtskoolproject.
with our charcoal project.
that I think is also interesting,
who's been doing risk analysis.
of the health impacts
you could prevent a million deaths
door op houtskool over te stappen
to charcoal as a cooking fuel.
to do it without cutting down trees.
waste material to create a cooking fuel.
that I took to Ghana just last month.
vorige maand.
than what you just saw,
dat je geen briketten moet maken.
that you don't need to form briquettes --
Dit is mijn 100-dollar-laptop.
I brought samples.
getest en klaar voor gebruik.
field-tested, ready to roll out.
about this technology,
transfer is so easy.
om te vormen tot briketten
how to form it into briquettes
van het bindmiddel,
of cooking the binder,
in mijn leven op dit moment,
thing in my life right now,
a sad commentary on my life.
het is in orde,
like you guys in the front row --
waar Robert Wright het over had.
in those non-zero-sum things.
of the incredibly rare situations
van afvalproducten.
from waste products.
that they were going to spend on charcoal
and sell it in the market
verkopen ze op de markt
that you don't have trade-offs
of het milieu en economie.
or environment and economics.
that I just find extremely exciting
to see where it takes us.
die we zullen creëren,
the future we will create,
that I think is necessary
of the world that we live in.
van onze wereld te hebben.
the world that we live in.
spend two to three hours everyday
elke dag twee tot drie uur
voor hun gezinnen.
waar handgemaakte cementen dakpannen
where advanced building materials
that are made by hand,
60 dollars in a month.
per jaar besteden aan het halen van water.
40 billion hours a year fetching water.
of the state of California
doing nothing but fetching water.
for example, if this were India,
would have a car.
would know how the use the Internet.
zouden 300 van jullie landbouwer zijn,
minder dan één dollar per dag verdienen.
on less than a dollar a day.
need to come up with solutions for.
we need to be training our engineers,
our entrepreneurs to be facing.
en onze ondernemers.
that we need to find.
are especially important that we address.
die dringend moeten aangepakt worden.
en micro-ondernemingen te bevorderen,
and micro-enterprise,
een manier vinden om eruit te geraken -
below the poverty line
fokkerij, enz.
basket making, poultry rearing, etc.
and new products
voor arme boeren
technologies for poor farmers
our development strategies,
educational campaigns
about how we can do that effectively.
in deze gemeenschappen,
in these communities
and the tools that they need
Dat is de beste manier.
and we need to start doing it now.
if someone has a question --
waaraan je werkte.
that you've worked on.
things we're working on
water quality testing,
kunnen onderhouden:
their own water systems,
wanneer ze moeten behandelen, enz.
know when they treat them, etc.
water-treatment systems.
voor waterzuivering.
is looking at solar water disinfection
to be able to do that.
de uitbreiding?
preventing this stuff getting from scale?
or venture capitalists,
what you've got and get it to scale?
om dit vooruit te doen gaan.
of people moving it forward.
het is een sterk gefragmenteerde markt
which is very fragmented
als in de Verenigde Staten
that you use in the United States
I do what I can with the students.
go out into the field
and move it forward.
with a long time frame,
in één of twee jaar;
something done in a year or two years;
five or 10 years ahead.
we can move forward.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Amy Smith - inventor, engineerAmy Smith designs cheap, practical fixes for tough problems in developing countries. Among her many accomplishments, the MIT engineer received a MacArthur "genius" grant in 2004 and was the first woman to win the Lemelson-MIT Prize for turning her ideas into inventions.
Why you should listen
Mechanical engineer Amy Smith's approach to problem-solving in developing nations is refreshingly common-sense: Invent cheap, low-tech devices that use local resources, so communities can reproduce her efforts and ultimately help themselves. Smith, working with her students at MIT's D-Lab, has come up with several useful tools, including an incubator that stays warm without electricity, a simple grain mill, and a tool that converts farm waste into cleaner-burning charcoal.
The inventions have earned Smith three prestigious prizes: the B.F. Goodrich Collegiate Inventors Award, the MIT-Lemelson Prize, and a MacArthur "genius" grant. Her course, "Design for Developing Countries," is a pioneer in bringing humanitarian design into the curriculum of major institutions. Going forward, the former Peace Corps volunteer strives to do much more, bringing her inventiveness and boundless energy to bear on some of the world's most persistent problems.
Amy Smith | Speaker | TED.com