Gerard Ryle: How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in history
Gerard Ryle: Como os jornalistas dos Documentos do Panamá denunciaram a maior fuga de informações da história
As director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers. Full bio
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que procurar informações
to figure out the information
had to face late last year.
enfrentou no ano passado.
calling himself John Doe
sob o pseudónimo de John Doe,
nearly 40 years of records
cerca de 40 anos de ficheiros
Mossack Fonseca.
Mossack Fonseca.
em todo o mundo
em paraísos fiscais longínquos,
in offshore tax havens
who like to keep secrets.
que gostam de guardar segredos.
every spreadsheet from this firm,
todas as folhas de cálculo dessa empresa,
into the tax haven system
sobre o sistema dos paraísos fiscais
to investigative journalism.
para o jornalismo de investigação.
11.5 million documents,
11,5 milhões de documentos,
from more than 200 different countries.
de mais de 200 países diferentes.
de informações tão vasta?
with such a vast resource?
into every corner of the globe,
por todos os cantos do globo
any person in any language,
qualquer pessoa de qualquer língua,
they don't even know yet.
to two journalists
a dois jornalistas
Süddeutsche Zeitung.
by -- and I quote --
— e vou citar:
that the documents would reveal."
que os documentos vão revelar".
nunca poderia apreender
tão grande de informações.
em Washington, D.C.,
of Investigative Journalists.
dos Jornalistas de Investigação.
that was the very opposite
totalmente oposta
to do as journalists:
enquanto jornalistas:
reporters are lone wolves.
de investigação são lobos solitários.
os nossos segredos,
we tell them what we have,
lhes contarmos o que temos,
that we live in a shrinking world,
num mundo que está a encolher,
a aperceber-se disso.
been slow to wake up to this.
are more and more transnational.
são cada vez mais transnacionais.
on a global level.
funcionam à escala mundial.
crises are global.
e da saúde são mundiais.
and financial crises.
e as crises financeiras.
that journalism has been so late
que o jornalismo esteja tão atrasado
de modo global.
that journalism has been so slow
que o jornalismo esteja tão atrasado
that technology brings,
que a tecnologia proporciona,
are scared of technology is this:
are going through tough times
atravessam tempos difíceis
that people are consuming news.
como as pessoas consomem as notícias.
that have sustained reporting are broken.
deixaram de financiar as reportagens.
journalism into crisis,
to reexamine how they function.
a repensar como funcionam.
known as the Panama Papers
os Documentos do Panamá
passíveis de investigação e legíveis.
searchable and readable.
to be scanned and indexed,
de ser digitalizados e indexados.
and other kinds of documents.
e outros tipos de documentos.
in a safe and secure location
guardados num local seguro
to have a look at the documents.
para observar os documentos.
than 100 media organizations
de 100 organizações dos "media",
we called it, the idea being,
foi como lhes chamámos.
o que era importante para a Nigéria
who was important to Nigeria
do que um canadiano?
for everyone who was invited:
para todos os que foram convidados:
that we found with everybody else,
que encontrássemos, com todos os outros
together on the same day.
juntos, no mesmo dia.
dos "media", com base na confiança
previous smaller collaborations
that jumped out from the documents.
que ressaltaram dos documentos.
of less than 20 people
de 25 grupos linguísticos
reporters from 25 language groups.
com menos de 20 pessoas.
journalism collaboration in history:
jornalística da história.
what journalists normally never do,
os jornalistas normalmente não fazem,
the biggest kind of noise,
the biggest kind of silence.
de manter o maior silêncio.
over the many months it would take,
que iria demorar muitos meses,
de redação virtual segura.
designed search engine.
especialmente concebido.
around the themes
em volta de temas
or exotic art, for instance,
ou arte exótica, por exemplo,
funcionava o mundo dos paraísos fiscais
the offshore world was being used
of those commodities.
dessas duas mercadorias.
could share information
partilhavam informações
were putting their image rights
que punham os seus direitos de imagem
where they plied their trade.
and elect politicians
e políticos eleitos
como Petro Poroshenko da Ucrânia,
of Vladimir Putin in Russia
David Cameron, who is linked
David Cameron,
do falecido pai, Ian Cameron.
were secret offshore entities,
havia entidades "offshore" secretas,
to the sitting Icelandic prime minister.
islandês, em exercício.
we invited to join the project,
a participar no projeto,
recusou-se a ganhar dinheiro
over the windows of his home
during the long Icelandic winter.
durante o longo inverno islandês.
to explain his many absences,
para explicar as suas muitas ausências
com os olhos vermelhos,
dedicou-se às informações
the leader of his country.
o líder do seu país.
and you make an amazing discovery,
faz uma descoberta espantosa,
to a secret offshore company,
com uma empresa "offshore" secreta,
interest in Icelandic banks --
em bancos islandeses
por que ele foi eleito —
is to scream out very loud.
é gritar alto e bom som.
that he could speak to,
com quem ele podia falar,
a kind of gallows humor.
uma espécie de humor negro.
"Vem aí o Wintris".
de "A Guerra dos Tronos".
wanted to scream,
queriam gritar,
those screams into stories
esses gritos em notícias
to court records,
para registos dos tribunais,
to those that we intended to name.
aos que tencionavam referir.
the reporters to look at the world
que os repórteres olhassem para o mundo
from everybody else.
de todas as outras pessoas.
a investigar a história,
happened in Brazil.
de suborno político.
funcionários da FIFA,
the world of professional soccer.
o mundo do futebol profissional.
actually had unique insights
revelavam aspetos únicos
que iam aparecendo.
and the ego dramas
e os dramas do ego
what we were trying to do.
o que estávamos a tentar fazer.
na Alemanha,
in 76 countries.
em 76 países.
one of the biggest stories of the year.
cedo passaram a ser a maior notícia do ano.
the day after we published.
no dia seguinte à publicação.
manifestações de protesto.
had to resign.
teve que se demitir.
such as Lionel Messi,
famosas, como Lionel Mess.
soccer player in the world.
unintended consequences.
of a Mexican drug cartel were arrested
mexicano de drogas foram presos
about their hideout.
pormenores sobre o seu esconderijo.
in what we've been able to do.
em tudo o que conseguimos fazer.
that has broken the business model
que prejudicou a nossa atividade
journalism itself.
o próprio jornalismo.
of transparency and impact.
de transparência e impacto.
can effect change across the world
pode levar a mudança ao mundo inteiro
and old-fashioned journalism techniques
e antigas técnicas do jornalismo
de informações denunciadas.
around what was given to us by John Doe.
no que John Doe nos deu.
media organizations allow these days,
do que consegue a maior parte dos "media",
com os Documentos do Panamá,
from just about anywhere,
a partir de quase toda a parte,
battleground to defend your work.
preferido para defender o nosso trabalho.
of a story in 76 different countries.
em 76 países diferentes
I got a three-word text from Johannes:
com três palavras:
has a new era for journalism.
uma nova era para o jornalismo.
that applause to the 350 journalists
aos 350 jornalistas
I would like to ask.
in secrecy for over a year
durante mais de um ano
from all over the world --
releasing some information
prestasse quaisquer informações
of crises along the way,
crises, durante o percurso,
was happening in the world,
qualquer coisa importante no mundo,
wanted to publish right away.
queriam publicar imediatamente.
was a week before publication.
foi uma semana antes da publicação.
to the associates of Vladimir Putin,
aos colaboradores de Vladimir Putin,
a press conference and denounced us,
de imprensa e denunciou-nos.
as being, I guess, a plot from the West.
uma conspiração feita pelo Ocidente.
it was just about him.
que se tratava só dele.
around the world
em todo o mundo,
was going to get out.
of time they'd spent,
de tempo que gastaram,
money spent on this.
the last week calming everyone down,
a acalmar toda a gente,
where you're holding your troops back:
que as tropas recuem:
of course, they all did.
as an open database
numa base de dados aberta
via keyword, essentially.
através de uma palavra-chave.
sobre os paraísos fiscais
about the offshore world
the underlying documents
such as the name of a person,
como o nome duma pessoa,
and the name of that company,
e o nome dessa empresa
of its kind basically is out there now
deste tipo está lá neste momento.
pelo trabalho que fez.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Gerard Ryle - Investigative journalistAs director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, Gerard Ryle is one of the key figures behind the Panama Papers.
Why you should listen
Gerard Ryle is the director of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) in Washington, DC.
When journalists at the Süddeutsche Zeitung newspaper in Germany got hold of the documents from a whistleblower, their volume and complexity pushed them to turn to the ICIJ, which brought together 376 investigative journalists from more than 100 news organizations in 76 countries.
The reporters spent months collaborating in researching and checking the documents, using protected communication channels, bespoke search engines and other specialized tools built by ICIJ, and ICIJ coordinated the release of the information across the world. It was the biggest cross-border collaboration in journalism history. The Panama Papers resulted in resignations or political outcries in Britain, Iceland, Spain, Malta and Pakistan and triggered dozens of official inquires around the world.
Before joining as the ICIJ's first non-American director in September 2011, Ryle spent more than 25 years working as an investigative reporter, author and editor in Australia and in Ireland. He has more than 60 journalism awards from six countries, including honors from the George Polk Awards, Harvard University and the University of Liege. Reporters Without Borders has described his work with ICIJ as "the future of investigative journalism worldwide."
(Photo: Le Monde / Melissa Golden)
Gerard Ryle | Speaker | TED.com