TEDGlobal 2012
Bahia Shehab: A thousand times no
Bahia Shehab - Tisíckrát NIE
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Fascinácia arabským znakom, ktorý symbolizuje NIE, sprevádza historičku umenia Bahiu Šehab už dlhší čas. Keď Egypt v roku 2011 zachvátila revolúcia, začala sprejovať pouličné odkazy odporu proti diktátorom, vojenskému režimu a násiliu.
Bahia Shehab - Artist and historian
TED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring." Full bio
TED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Two years ago, I was invited as an artist
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Pred dvomi rokmi som ako umelkyňa dostala ponuku
00:19
to participate in an exhibition commemorating
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podieľať sa na výstave, ktorá mala byť oslavou
00:22
100 years of Islamic art in Europe.
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100tých rokov islamského umenia v Európe.
00:24
The curator had only one condition:
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Riaditeľ múzea mi dal jedinú podmienku -
00:27
I had to use the Arabic script for my artwork.
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vo svojom umeleckom prejave som musela použiť arabské písmo.
00:30
Now, as an artist, a woman, an Arab,
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Ako umelkyni, žene, Arabke,
00:33
or a human being living in the world in 2010,
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alebo ako ľudskej bytosti žijúcej vo svete v roku 2010
00:37
I only had one thing to say:
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som chcela povedať len jediné:
00:40
I wanted to say no.
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chcela som povedať nie.
00:43
And in Arabic, to say "no," we say "no,
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Na vyjadrenie nesúhlasu v arabčine používame frázu
00:45
and a thousand times no."
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„Nie a tisíckrát nie."
00:47
So I decided to look for a thousand different noes.
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A tak som sa rozhodla nájsť tisíc rôznych nie.
00:51
on everything ever produced
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vo všetkom, čo bolo za posledných 1400 rokov
00:53
under Islamic or Arab patronage in the past 1,400 years,
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vytvorené pod islamskou alebo arabskou záštitou
00:58
from Spain to the borders of China.
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medzi Španielskom a hranicami Činy.
01:02
I collected my findings in a book,
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Svoje nálezy som zozbierala do knihy,
01:04
placed them chronologically, stating the name,
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usporiadala ich chronologicky a uviedla som názov,
01:07
the patron, the medium and the date.
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patróna, médium, a dátum.
01:10
Now, the book sat on a small shelf next to the installation,
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Kniha ležala na poličke pri mojej inštalácii
01:14
which stood three by seven meters, in Munich, Germany,
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o veľkosti 3 x 7 metrov, ktorá bola vystavená
01:17
in September of 2010.
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v nemeckom Mníchove v septembri 2010.
01:21
Now, in January, 2011, the revolution started,
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V januári 2011 sa začala revolúcia
01:27
and life stopped for 18 days,
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a život sa na 18 dní zastavil.
01:30
and on the 12th of February,
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12.februára sme naivne oslavovali
01:31
we naively celebrated on the streets of Cairo,
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v uliciach Káhiry,
01:34
believing that the revolution had succeeded.
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veriac, že revolúcia uspela.
01:38
Nine months later I found myself spraying messages
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O deväť mesiacov som sprejovala odkazy
01:42
in Tahrir Square. The reason for this act
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na Tahrirskom námestí. Viedla ma k tomu
01:46
was this image that I saw in my newsfeed.
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táto snímka, ktorá ma zaujala v mojom newsfeede.
01:50
I did not feel that I could live in a city
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Cítila som, že nemôžem žiť v meste,
01:53
where people were being killed
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v ktorom ľudí zabijú
01:55
and thrown like garbage on the street.
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a vyhodia ich na ulici ako odpad.
01:58
So I took one "no" off a tombstone from
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Prevzala som nápis „NIE“ z náhrobku
02:00
the Islamic Museum in Cairo, and I added a message to it:
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v káhirskom Múzeu islamského umenia a pridala som
02:03
"no to military rule."
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„NIE vojenskému režimu".
02:05
And I started spraying that on the streets in Cairo.
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Začala som tento odkaz sprejovať po káhirských uliciach.
02:08
But that led to a series of no, coming out of the book
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Viedlo to k sérii odkazov vyjadrujúcich nesúhlas, ktoré priam vystrelili z mojej knihy,
02:11
like ammunition, and adding messages to them,
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ako munícia. K nápisom NIE som vždy pridala odkaz
02:14
and I started spraying them on the walls.
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a začala ich sprejovať na steny mesta.
02:17
So I'll be sharing some of these noes with you.
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Rada by som sa s vami o niektoré z nich teraz podelila.
02:19
No to a new Pharaoh, because whoever comes next
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NIE novému faraónovi, pretože všetci nástupníci
02:22
should understand that we will never be ruled by another dictator.
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nech odteraz majú na pamäti, že nám nikdy viac nebude vládnuť diktátor.
02:26
No to violence: Ramy Essam came to Tahrir
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NIE násiliu: Ramy Essam prišiel na Tahrirské námestie
02:30
on the second day of the revolution,
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v druhý deň revolúcie.
02:32
and he sat there with this guitar, singing.
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Sedel tam, hral na gitare a spieval.
02:35
One month after Mubarak stepped down, this was his reward.
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Takúto odmenu si vyslúžil mesiac po odstúpení Mubaraka.
02:39
No to blinding heroes. Ahmed Harara lost his right eye
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NIE oslepovaniu hrdinov. Ahmed Harara prišiel o pravé oko
02:45
on the 28th of January,
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28. januára,
02:46
and he lost his left eye on the 19th of November,
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a 19. novembra prišiel aj o druhé oko.
02:50
by two different snipers.
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Strelami dvoch rôznych ostreľovačov.
02:53
No to killing, in this case no to killing men of religion,
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NIE zabíjaniu. V tomto prípade zabíjaniu mužov viery,
02:56
because Sheikh Ahmed Adina Refaat was shot
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pretože Šejka Ahmeda Adinu Refaata zastrelili
03:00
on December 16th, during a demonstration,
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16.decembra počas demonštrácie.
03:03
leaving behind three orphans and a widow.
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Zanechal po sebe vdovu a tri siroty.
03:07
No to burning books. The Institute of Egypt was burned
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NIE páleniu kníh. 17.decembra vyhorel
03:10
on December 17th, a huge cultural loss.
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Egyptský inštitút - čo je obrovská kultúrna strata.
03:14
No to stripping the people,
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NIE strhávaniu šiat z ľudí.
03:17
and the blue bra is to remind us of our shame
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Modrá podprsenka nech nám pripomína našu hanbu,
03:20
as a nation when we allow a veiled woman to be stripped
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keď ako národ dovolíme, aby obnažili a zbili zahalenú ženu
03:24
and beaten on the street, and the footprint reads,
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priamo na ulici. Odtlačok prehlasuje
03:28
"Long live a peaceful revolution,"
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„Nech žije mierová revolúcia,“
03:30
because we will never retaliate with violence.
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pretože nikdy neodpovieme násílim.
03:34
No to barrier walls. On February 5th,
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NIE stenovým bariéram. 5.februára boli
03:37
concrete roadblocks were set up in Cairo
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v Káhire rozostavené betonové cestné zátarasy
03:41
to protect the Ministry of Defense from protesters.
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na ochranu ministerstva obrany pred demonštrantmi.
03:47
Now, speaking of walls, I want to share with you the story
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Keď už hovoríme o stenách, rada by som sa s Vami
03:50
of one wall in Cairo.
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podelila o príbeh jednej konkrétnej.
03:52
A group of artists decided to paint a life-size tank
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V Káhire sa skupina umelcov rozhodla namaľovať tank
03:57
on a wall. It's one to one.
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v skutočnej veľkosti.
03:59
In front of this tank there's a man on a bicycle
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Pred tankom je muž na bicykli
04:02
with a breadbasket on his head. To any passerby,
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s košom na chlieb na hlave.
04:05
there's no problem with this visual.
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Pre okoloidúcich nič nezvyčajné.
04:08
After acts of violence, another artist came,
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Po prepuknutí násilností, istý umelec
04:12
painted blood, protesters being run over by the tank,
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domaľoval krv, demonštrujúcich pod kolesami tanku,
04:17
demonstrators, and a message that read,
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a odkaz, ktorý znel,
04:20
"Starting tomorrow, I wear the new face,
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„Odzajtra ponesiem novú tvár,
04:23
the face of every martyr. I exist."
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tvár každého mučeníka. Ja existujem. “
04:27
Authority comes, paints the wall white,
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Vláda stenu nechala natrieť na bielo,
04:30
leaves the tank and adds a message:
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ale ponechali tank a dodali odkaz
04:32
"Army and people, one hand. Egypt for Egyptians."
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„Armáda a ľudia, ruka v ruke. Egypt Egypťanom. “
04:37
Another artist comes, paints the head of the military
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Ktosi spomedzi umelcov na to domaľoval armádného veliteľa
04:41
as a monster eating a maiden in a river of blood
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ako príšeru požierajúcu pannu v potoku krvi
04:44
in front of the tank.
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pred tankom.
04:47
Authority comes, paints the wall white, leaves the tank,
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Odpoveďou bolo prebielenie steny a prekrytie
04:51
leaves the suit, and throws a bucket of black paint
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tváre príšery čiernou farbou.
04:54
just to hide the face of the monster.
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Tank a uniformu nechali tak.
04:55
So I come with my stencils, and I spray them on the suit,
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A tu som prišla ja so svojimi šablónami, a nasprejovala som odkazy na uniformu,
04:59
on the tank, and on the whole wall,
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na tank, na celú stenu.
05:02
and this is how it stands today
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A takto to vyzerá dodnes,
05:04
until further notice. (Laughter)
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až do odvolania. (Smiech)
05:06
Now, I want to leave you with a final no.
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Rada by som uzavrela svoj vstup posledným NIE.
05:10
I found Neruda scribbled on a piece of paper
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Našla som výrok Nerudu načarbaný na kúsku papiera
05:13
in a field hospital in Tahrir, and I decided to take a no of
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v poľnej nemocnici na Tahrirskom námestí .
05:19
Mamluk Mausoleum in Cairo.
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V tomto prípade som použila nápis NIE z Mamluckého mauzólea v Káhire.
05:21
The message reads,
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Výrok znie,
05:23
[Arabic]
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[arabsky]
05:29
"You can crush the flowers, but you can't delay spring."
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„Kvety zašliapať môžete, ale jar tým nezastavíte.“
05:33
Thank you. (Applause)
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Ďakujem. (Potlesk)
05:37
(Applause)
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(Potlesk)
05:46
Thank you. Shukran. (Applause)
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Ďakujem. Šukran. (Potlesk)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bahia Shehab - Artist and historianTED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring."
Why you should listen
Bahia Shehab is an artist, designer and art historian. She is associate professor of design and founder of the graphic design program at The American University in Cairo, where she has developed a full design curriculum mainly focused on visual culture of the Arab world. She has taught over fourteen courses on the topic.
Shehab's artwork has been on display in exhibitions, galleries and streets in Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Morocco, Turkey, UAE and the US. The documentary Nefertiti's Daughters featuring her street artwork during the Egyptian uprising was released in 2015. Her work has received a number of international recognitions and awards; TED fellowship (2012) and TED Senior fellowship (2016), BBC 100 Women list (2013, 2014), The American University in Beirut distinguished alumna (2015), Shortlist for V&A’s Jameel Prize 4 (2016), and a Prince Claus Award (2016). Her book A Thousand Times NO: The Visual History of Lam-Alif was published in 2010.
Bahia Shehab | Speaker | TED.com