TEDGlobal 2012
Bahia Shehab: A thousand times no
巴西亞•席哈伯: 一千個 不
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藝術史學家巴西亞•席哈伯 (Bahia Shehab) 一直對於阿拉伯文字的 "不" 充滿迷戀, 當 2011年的革命橫掃埃及的時候, 她開始在街頭進行噴漆塗鴉, 散播向獨裁者說不, 向軍事統治說不, 向暴力說不的這些訊息。
Bahia Shehab - Artist and historian
TED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring." Full bio
TED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring." Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Two years ago, I was invited as an artist
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兩年前，我被邀請成為
00:19
to participate in an exhibition commemorating
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一個展覽的參展藝術家, 是紀念
00:22
100 years of Islamic art in Europe.
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伊斯蘭藝術在歐洲的百年特展
00:24
The curator had only one condition:
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策展人只有一個要求：
00:27
I had to use the Arabic script for my artwork.
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我的藝術作品必須使用阿拉伯文字
00:30
Now, as an artist, a woman, an Arab,
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作為一個藝術家，一個女子，一個阿拉伯人
00:33
or a human being living in the world in 2010,
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一個生活在2010年的世界的人
00:37
I only had one thing to say:
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我只有一件事要表達：
00:40
I wanted to say no.
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我想要說 "不"。
00:43
And in Arabic, to say "no," we say "no,
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在阿拉伯文裡，我們說"不", 會說成
00:45
and a thousand times no."
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"不, 再一千次的不"
00:47
So I decided to look for a thousand different noes.
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所以我決定收集一千個不同的 "不"
00:51
on everything ever produced
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從各種曾經被製作出來的東西
00:53
under Islamic or Arab patronage in the past 1,400 years,
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在過去1400年間累積的伊斯蘭或阿拉伯的贊助下
00:58
from Spain to the borders of China.
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從西班牙到中國邊境。
01:02
I collected my findings in a book,
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我把所發現的收集在一本書裡
01:04
placed them chronologically, stating the name,
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按時間順序排列，標記名稱
01:07
the patron, the medium and the date.
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贊助人、 媒材和日期。
01:10
Now, the book sat on a small shelf next to the installation,
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現在，這本書就放在展覽品旁邊的一個小架子上
01:14
which stood three by seven meters, in Munich, Germany,
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這個展覽品有3米寬, 7米高，在德國慕尼黑
01:17
in September of 2010.
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從 2010 年 9 月開始展出
01:21
Now, in January, 2011, the revolution started,
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而在 2011 年 1 月的時候, 埃及革命開始了
01:27
and life stopped for 18 days,
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生活停止了 18 天
01:30
and on the 12th of February,
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到了2 月 12 日
01:31
we naively celebrated on the streets of Cairo,
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我們天真地在開羅的街道上慶祝
01:34
believing that the revolution had succeeded.
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以為民主革命已經成功了
01:38
Nine months later I found myself spraying messages
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過了九個月後, 我發現自己開始噴漆塗鴉, 散播訊息
01:42
in Tahrir Square. The reason for this act
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在自由廣場。之所以這樣做是因為
01:46
was this image that I saw in my newsfeed.
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我從訂閱的新聞來源看到了這張照片
01:50
I did not feel that I could live in a city
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我覺得我無法生活在這樣的一個城市
01:53
where people were being killed
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有老百姓被殺死
01:55
and thrown like garbage on the street.
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並且被當成垃圾般的丟在街上
01:58
So I took one "no" off a tombstone from
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所以我拿了一個 "不", 是來自一個墓碑上
02:00
the Islamic Museum in Cairo, and I added a message to it:
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在開羅，伊斯蘭博物館的館藏, 我把它加上了一段文字
02:03
"no to military rule."
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向軍人執政說 "不"
02:05
And I started spraying that on the streets in Cairo.
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之後我就開始在開羅街頭噴這個塗鴉訊息
02:08
But that led to a series of no, coming out of the book
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這件事帶出了一系列的 "不" 的塗鴉訊息，從那本書取材
02:11
like ammunition, and adding messages to them,
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就像 "不" 的彈藥庫，然後加上文字訊息
02:14
and I started spraying them on the walls.
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然後我就開始把這些塗鴉訊息噴到許多牆上
02:17
So I'll be sharing some of these noes with you.
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在這裡分享一些塗鴉訊息給大家
02:19
No to a new Pharaoh, because whoever comes next
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向新法老說不，因為無論誰是下一個
02:22
should understand that we will never be ruled by another dictator.
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當政者應該明白我們將永遠不會接受獨裁者的統治。
02:26
No to violence: Ramy Essam came to Tahrir
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向暴力說不： 拉米 埃薩姆來到自由廣場的時候
02:30
on the second day of the revolution,
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是革命開始的第二天
02:32
and he sat there with this guitar, singing.
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他拿著他的吉他, 坐在那裡唱歌。
02:35
One month after Mubarak stepped down, this was his reward.
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穆巴拉克下臺一個月後，這是他所得到的獎賞。
02:39
No to blinding heroes. Ahmed Harara lost his right eye
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獻給瞎掉的英雄。艾哈邁德 哈拉失去了他的右眼
02:45
on the 28th of January,
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在 1 月 28 日那天
02:46
and he lost his left eye on the 19th of November,
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之後又在11 月 19 日, 失去了他的左眼
02:50
by two different snipers.
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是被兩個不同的狙擊手攻擊造成的.
02:53
No to killing, in this case no to killing men of religion,
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向殺戮說不，在這裡是反對因宗教信仰而殺人
02:56
because Sheikh Ahmed Adina Refaat was shot
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當 謝赫 · 艾哈邁德 阿迪納 瑞法 被槍殺的時候
03:00
on December 16th, during a demonstration,
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那是在 12 月 16 日的示威活動裡
03:03
leaving behind three orphans and a widow.
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他留下了三個孤兒和一個寡婦。
03:07
No to burning books. The Institute of Egypt was burned
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向焚書說 不。埃及研究所在12 月 17 日
03:10
on December 17th, a huge cultural loss.
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被縱火焚燒 ，這是一個巨大的文化損失。
03:14
No to stripping the people,
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向剝人衣服說不
03:17
and the blue bra is to remind us of our shame
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這間藍色胸衣是要提醒我們，這是我們國家的恥辱
03:20
as a nation when we allow a veiled woman to be stripped
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竟讓一個蒙面紗的女子被剝去衣服
03:24
and beaten on the street, and the footprint reads,
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並被毆打, 就發生在大街上, 而這個腳印的文字寫著
03:28
"Long live a peaceful revolution,"
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"和平革命萬歲"
03:30
because we will never retaliate with violence.
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因為我們永遠不會以暴力的方式報復
03:34
No to barrier walls. On February 5th,
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向 路障牆 說不, 在 2月5日那天
03:37
concrete roadblocks were set up in Cairo
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在開羅街頭出現了混凝土路障
03:41
to protect the Ministry of Defense from protesters.
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來保護國防部, 隔離示威者
03:47
Now, speaking of walls, I want to share with you the story
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既然講到了牆，我想與你分享另一個故事
03:50
of one wall in Cairo.
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在開羅有一面牆。
03:52
A group of artists decided to paint a life-size tank
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有一群藝術家決定畫一輛真實大小的坦克車
03:57
on a wall. It's one to one.
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在這牆上。它是一比一的大小
03:59
In front of this tank there's a man on a bicycle
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在坦克車的正前面, 有一個人騎在自行車上
04:02
with a breadbasket on his head. To any passerby,
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頭上頂著麵包籃。對路過的任何人來說
04:05
there's no problem with this visual.
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這個視覺藝術創作沒有什麼問題
04:08
After acts of violence, another artist came,
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但在暴力行為發生後，另一個藝術家來了，
04:12
painted blood, protesters being run over by the tank,
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畫上了血跡，抗議者正被坦克車輾過
04:17
demonstrators, and a message that read,
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還有許多示威者和一條訊息，寫著
04:20
"Starting tomorrow, I wear the new face,
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"從明天開始，我會有張新的臉孔，
04:23
the face of every martyr. I exist."
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在每個烈士的臉孔。你會看到我的存在。"
04:27
Authority comes, paints the wall white,
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然後當權者來了，把牆塗上白漆
04:30
leaves the tank and adds a message:
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保留了坦克車, 並添加一段訊息：
04:32
"Army and people, one hand. Egypt for Egyptians."
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"軍隊和人民攜手, 建造埃及人的埃及"
04:37
Another artist comes, paints the head of the military
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另一位藝術家來了，把軍事領袖的頭像
04:41
as a monster eating a maiden in a river of blood
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畫成一個正在血河裡啃食少女的怪物
04:44
in front of the tank.
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就在坦克車前面
04:47
Authority comes, paints the wall white, leaves the tank,
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之後當權者又來了，把牆塗上白漆, 保留了坦克車
04:51
leaves the suit, and throws a bucket of black paint
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還有軍裝，並且潑了一桶黑漆
04:54
just to hide the face of the monster.
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把怪物的臉蓋住
04:55
So I come with my stencils, and I spray them on the suit,
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然後我帶著我的版具到這面牆, 把塗鴉噴上去
04:59
on the tank, and on the whole wall,
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噴在坦克車上和整面牆上，
05:02
and this is how it stands today
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這就是目前那面牆的樣子
05:04
until further notice. (Laughter)
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應該會保持到有人發現為止（笑聲）
05:06
Now, I want to leave you with a final no.
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現在，我想要留給你最後一個 "不"。
05:10
I found Neruda scribbled on a piece of paper
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我找到了 聶魯達 在一張紙上潦草地寫的文字
05:13
in a field hospital in Tahrir, and I decided to take a no of
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在自由廣場的野戰醫院裡，我決定要採取的 "不"
05:19
Mamluk Mausoleum in Cairo.
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是取材自 開羅的 馬穆魯克陵墓。
05:21
The message reads,
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訊息是這樣的：
05:23
[Arabic]
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[阿拉伯文]
05:29
"You can crush the flowers, but you can't delay spring."
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"你可以壓碎花朵，但您無法延遲春天到來"。
05:33
Thank you. (Applause)
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謝謝。（掌聲）
05:37
(Applause)
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（掌聲）
05:46
Thank you. Shukran. (Applause)
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謝謝。舒克蘭。（掌聲）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bahia Shehab - Artist and historianTED Fellow Bahia Shehab sends an important message through her street art in Cairo: “You can crush the flowers, but you can’t delay spring."
Why you should listen
Bahia Shehab is an artist, designer and art historian. She is associate professor of design and founder of the graphic design program at The American University in Cairo, where she has developed a full design curriculum mainly focused on visual culture of the Arab world. She has taught over fourteen courses on the topic.
Shehab's artwork has been on display in exhibitions, galleries and streets in Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Morocco, Turkey, UAE and the US. The documentary Nefertiti's Daughters featuring her street artwork during the Egyptian uprising was released in 2015. Her work has received a number of international recognitions and awards; TED fellowship (2012) and TED Senior fellowship (2016), BBC 100 Women list (2013, 2014), The American University in Beirut distinguished alumna (2015), Shortlist for V&A’s Jameel Prize 4 (2016), and a Prince Claus Award (2016). Her book A Thousand Times NO: The Visual History of Lam-Alif was published in 2010.
Bahia Shehab | Speaker | TED.com