Peter Calthorpe: 7 principles for building better cities
Peter Calthorpe: Ako stavať lepšie mestá podľa 7 princípov
Through his writing and his realized projects, Peter Calthorpe has spread the vision of New Urbanism, a framework for creating sustainable, human-scaled places. Full bio
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for climate change,
for three billion people.
pre ďalšie tri miliardy ľudí.
of the urban environment.
in the world will save mankind,
klimatických zmien ľudstvo zachránia,
on how we shape our cities:
ako mestá vytvarujeme.
is a manifestation
akým mestá tvarujeme,
akú časť človeka uplatňujeme.
že snaha spraviť to správne,
can help us solve climate change,
vyriešiť klimatické zmeny.
to be driving the problem.
and oil companies.
a ropné spoločnosti.
and I'll be upfront about that.
a budem o ňom hovoriť otvorene.
you think of, or many people think of,
ktoré vám hneď napadne,
of the metropolitan area.
hocikde pri rôznej hustote obyvateľstva.
anywhere, at any density.
is that it isolates people.
a územných enkláv.
into economic enclaves
what we all need to be thinking about,
na protijed na rozširovanie,
this massive construction project.
na tento ohromný konštrukčný projekt.
for the state of California
with reducing carbon emissions.
for how the state could grow,
ako by štát mohol rásť,
overly simplified one.
through the year 2050,
in our state of California.
shopping malls, subdivisions,
obchodné domy, štvrte,
not everybody moving to the city,
že sa každý presťahoval do mesta,
as streetcar suburbs,
mixed-used environments.
s rôznym využitím.
for the scale of the difference
in our city-making habit
inú záujmovú skupinu.
a special interest group,
that used to advocate for their concerns
"co-benefits" of urban form
„spoluvýhodami“ urbánnej formy,
concerned about this,
that want open space nearby.
ktoré žiadajú otvorené priestranstvo.
physical footprint.
carbon emission comes from cars,
znečisťovateľom automobily.
on cars as much
that's what I was just talking about.
Presne o tom hovorím.
per household per year,
v priemere na jednu domácnosť
in the mid-26,000 per household,
not just on air quality and carbon
na kvalitu ovzdušia a uhlíkovú stopu,
how do you fix it once we broke it --
ako ju napraviť, keď sme ju už pokazili.
of cities that we shape.
ktoré vytvárame.
industry running amok.
too many of the wrong kind of housing:
priveľa nesprávnych typov bývania:
middle-class family to afford
príliš drahé na obstaranie
už nie vhodná voľba pre ich spôsob života.
to their lifestyle anymore.
and get it sold.
the median is 50,000 --
medián v Kalifornii je 50 000 –
who often sit off in their silos
ktorí sú často zašití vo svojich dierach,
separate from the politicians,
a od environmentalistov.
is what really brings about the change.
boj za spoločný cieľ prináša zmenu.
viac na verejnú dopravu.
of bonds for transit
v dlhopisoch na verejnú dopravu
desirable land, the strip,
so zmiešaným využitím,
what you think of as an oxymoron,
pomyslíte si: oxymoron.
everything isolated in superblocks,
všetko je izolované v superblokoch,
that was just spoken to.
o ktorom sa už hovorilo.
in China now is spent
of Chinese cities is robust.
je samozrejme robustná.
interacting with your neighbors.
a kontakt s vašimi susedmi.
5,000 units in them,
5 000 jednotiek,
because nobody knows anybody else.
lebo nikto nikoho nepozná.
a sidewalk, no ground floor shops --
ani obchody na prízemí.
here in one of the superblocks
shops in their garages
v garážach vytvorili obchodíky,
of local service economy.
to get it right is there.
v ľuďoch už je.
on board and the politicians.
Teraz trochu technickej stránky.
the alternative to sprawl
alternatívy k rozširovaniu
million people.
is a walking radius
od prestupného miesta.
a BRT (rýchly bus pruh),
ktoré každému umožňuje
called for green space
priestor pre zeleň,
ecological features.
dôležité ekologické vlastnosti.
are auto-free streets.
leveling the site
vyrovnávania pôdy
that really wasn't normative in China
veľmi podľa čínskej normy,
nezačalo experimentovať.
I dearly love.
of our streets to cars?
až 100 % priestoru na ulici?
could move well for them,
skutočne fungovala,
so they could bike?
cities would function better.
they build in Beijing,
complete gridlock.
mixed use along the edge.
po krajoch rôzne využitie budov.
autonomous vehicles,
autonómnymi,
to talk about that later.
that have now been adopted
vládnej úrovni v Číne prijali,
in the Chinese government,
I think, universal principles.
the natural environment, the history
prírodného prostredia, histórie
but when I say mixed,
ale mám na mysli
that you don't enjoy walking in.
v ktorom by ste sa nechceli prechádzať.
are places you can walk.
kde sa reálne dá chodiť.
means of transportation we know.
prostriedkom, pokiaľ vieme.
that put six meters of bike lane
ktoré majú na každej ulici zabezpečiť
to their biking history.
to myslia vážne.
that allows many routes
instead of just one.
mnoho druhov ulíc namiesto jedného.
going to solve this for us.
to generate more traffic, more VMT,
based on transit
have to get reconnected
sa musia opäť spojiť spôsobom,
the structure of the city.
these changes are well accepted.
sú tieto zmeny vítané.
môže, malo byť.
we can bring to bear now
ktorú dnes môžeme uplatniť,
political coalitions
the kinds of communities we all need.
ktoré všetci potrebujeme.
autonomous driving, self-driving cars.
are very excited about them.
sú z nich veľmi nadšení.
or issues about them?
there's almost too much hype here.
že celé je to veľmi prehnané.
že sa zbavíme veľkého množstva áut.
we're going to get rid of a lot of cars.
že počet vozokilometrov výrazne narastie.
to get a lot more vehicle miles.
cars moving on streets.
people will travel greater distances.
ľudia budú cestovať ďalej.
rozširovanie v rozmeroch,
that people won't share them.
že by ich ľudia nezdieľali.
increase in vehicle miles traveled.
v počte vozokilometrov.
a 30 percent increase in VMT.
asi o 30 %.
having multiple people riding at once
že v jednom aute sa povezú viacerí
without a steering wheel.
of vehicles -- you can do it
it doesn't matter.
keď budú elektrické,
that are going to be efficient electric,
že chôdza, bicyklovanie a MHD
is that walking, biking and transit
in their private bubbles,
to McDonald's to pick up a pack
aby vyzdvihlo jedlo bez svojho majiteľa,
kind of random errands
and I have to say, the images you showed
že obrázky ulíc so zmiešanými využitiami
were really inspiring, really beautiful.
CA: Ďakujeme za vašu prácu.
CA: Thank you for your work.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Calthorpe - Urban designerThrough his writing and his realized projects, Peter Calthorpe has spread the vision of New Urbanism, a framework for creating sustainable, human-scaled places.
Why you should listen
Peter Calthorpe’s 30-year design practice is informed by the idea that successful places -- whether neighborhoods, towns, urban districts or metropolitan regions -- must be diverse in uses and users, must be scaled to the pedestrian and human interaction, and must be environmentally sustainable.
In the early 1990s, Calthorpe developed the concept of Transit Oriented Development (described in his book The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community and the American Dream) -- an idea that is now the foundation of many regional policies and city plans around the world. His 2010 book is Urbanism in the Age of Climate Change. Calthorpe Associates' work in Europe, Asia and the Middle East has demonstrated that community design with a focus on sustainability and scale can be adapted throughout the globe. His current work throughout China is focused on developing standards and examples of Low Carbon Cities in Beijing, Chongqing, Kunming, Zhuhai, Jinan and other major cities.
Peter Calthorpe | Speaker | TED.com