TED2013
Jack Andraka: A promising test for pancreatic cancer ... from a teenager
Džek Andrejka (Jack Andraka): Obećavajući test za otkrivanje raka pankreasa... od jednog tinejdžera
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Više od 85% slučajeva raka pankreasa otkrije se kasno, onda kada osoba ima šansu manju od 2% da preživi. Kako je ovo moguće? Džek Andrejka govori o tome kako je napravio obećavajući test za rano otkrivanje raka pankreasa koji je vrlo jeftin, efikasan i neinvazivan - i sve to pre svog 16. rođendana.
Jack Andraka - Cancer detector inventor
A paper on carbon nanotubes, a biology lecture on antibodies and a flash of insight led 15-year-old Jack Andraka to design a cheaper, more sensitive cancer detector. Full bio
A paper on carbon nanotubes, a biology lecture on antibodies and a flash of insight led 15-year-old Jack Andraka to design a cheaper, more sensitive cancer detector. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Have you ever experienced a moment in your life
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Jeste li ikad u svom
životu doživeli trenutak
životu doživeli trenutak
00:16
that was so painful and confusing
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koji je bio toliko bolan
i zbunjujuć
i zbunjujuć
00:19
that all you wanted to do
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da ste samo želeli
00:21
was learn as much as you could to make sense of it all?
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da saznate što više o njemu
kako bi on imao smisla?
kako bi on imao smisla?
00:25
When I was 13, a close family friend
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Kada mi je bilo 13 godina,
blizak porodični prijatelj
blizak porodični prijatelj
00:28
who was like an uncle to me
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koji mi je bio poput ujaka
00:30
passed away from pancreatic cancer.
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umro je od raka pankreasa.
00:33
When the disease hit so close to home,
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Kada je bolest udarila
tako blizu mog doma,
tako blizu mog doma,
00:35
I knew I needed to learn more,
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znao sam da moram
da saznam više,
da saznam više,
00:37
so I went online to find answers.
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pa sam otišao na internet
da nađem odgovore.
da nađem odgovore.
00:40
Using the Internet, I found a variety of statistics
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Koristeći internet, naišao sam
na mnoštvo statistika
na mnoštvo statistika
00:43
on pancreatic cancer,
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u vezi sa rakom pankreasa,
00:45
and what I had found shocked me.
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a ono što sam otkrio šokiralo me je.
00:47
Over 85 percent of all pancreatic cancers
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Više od 85% svih slučajeva
raka pankreasa
raka pankreasa
00:51
are diagnosed late,
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otkrije se kasno,
00:53
when someone has less than a two percent chance of survival.
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kada osoba ima šansu
manju od 2% da preživi.
manju od 2% da preživi.
00:57
Why are we so bad at detecting pancreatic cancer?
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Zašto nam toliko loše ide
otkrivanje raka pankreasa?
otkrivanje raka pankreasa?
01:01
The reason? Today's current modern medicine
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Razlog tome je da današnja
moderna medicina
moderna medicina
01:05
is a 60-year-old technique.
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koristi tehniku staru 60 godina.
01:07
That's older than my dad.
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To znači da je starija
od mog tate.
od mog tate.
01:09
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:13
But also, it's extremely expensive,
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Ali takođe, veoma je skupa
01:15
costing 800 dollars per test,
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i košta 800 dolara po testu.
01:19
and it's grossly inaccurate,
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Pri tome je i veoma
nepouzdana
nepouzdana
01:21
missing 30 percent of all pancreatic cancers.
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i ne otkrije 30% slučajeva
raka pankreasa.
raka pankreasa.
01:25
Your doctor would have to be ridiculously suspicious
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Vaš lekar bi morao
da ima ogromnu sumnju
da ima ogromnu sumnju
01:28
that you have the cancer in order to give you this test.
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da imate rak kako bi vas
poslao na ovo testiranje.
poslao na ovo testiranje.
01:31
Learning this, I knew there had to be a better way.
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Saznavši ovo, znao sam
da mora postojati bolji način.
da mora postojati bolji način.
01:35
So I set up a scientific criteria
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Tako da sam napravio
naučne kriterijume
naučne kriterijume
01:37
as to what a sensor would have to look like
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o tome kakav bi senzor
morao da bude
morao da bude
01:39
in order to effectively diagnose pancreatic cancer.
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kako bi efikasno otkrivao
rak pankreasa.
rak pankreasa.
01:43
The sensor would have to be inexpensive, rapid,
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Senzor bi trebalo
da bude jeftin, brz,
da bude jeftin, brz,
01:47
simple, sensitive, selective,
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jednostavan, osetljiv, selektivan
01:50
and minimally invasive.
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i minimalno invazivan.
01:53
Now, there's a reason why this test
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Međutim, postoji razlog
zašto se ovaj test
zašto se ovaj test
01:55
hasn't been updated in over six decades,
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nije modernizovao preko
6 decenija,
6 decenija,
01:59
and that's because, when we're looking for pancreatic cancer,
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a to je zato što
kada tražimo rak pankreasa,
kada tražimo rak pankreasa,
02:02
we're looking at your bloodstream,
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posmatramo vaš krvotok
02:03
which is already abundant in all these tons and tons of protein,
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koji već u sebi ima
gomilu proteina,
gomilu proteina,
02:08
and you're looking for this miniscule difference
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a mi tražimo neku
malecnu razliku
malecnu razliku
02:10
in this tiny amount of protein,
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u toj malenoj količini
proteina,
proteina,
02:12
just this one protein.
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samo tog jednog proteina.
02:13
That's next to impossible.
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To je skoro nemoguće.
02:15
However, undeterred due to my teenage optimism --
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Ipak, ohrabren svojim
tinejdžerskim optimizmom -
tinejdžerskim optimizmom -
02:19
(Applause) —
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(Aplauz) -
02:25
I went online to a teenager's two best friends,
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posetio sam na internetu
dva najbolja prijatelja jednog tinejdžera,
dva najbolja prijatelja jednog tinejdžera,
02:28
Google and Wikipedia.
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Gugl i Vikipediju.
02:30
I got everything for my homework from those two sources.
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Sve što mi treba za domaće zadatke,
dobijam sa ta dva izvora.
dobijam sa ta dva izvora.
02:34
And what I had found was an article
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I pronašao sam članak
02:37
that listed a database of over 8,000 different proteins
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koji je sadržao bazu podataka
sa preko 8.000 raličitih proteina
sa preko 8.000 raličitih proteina
02:41
that are found when you have pancreatic cancer.
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koji su prisutni kada imate
rak pankreasa.
rak pankreasa.
02:43
So I decided to go and make it my new mission
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Tako da sam odlučio
da sebi zadam cilj -
da sebi zadam cilj -
02:47
to go through all these proteins and see which ones
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da prođem kroz sve
te proteine i nađem one
te proteine i nađem one
02:50
could serve as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
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koji bi mogli da posluže
kao biomarkeri u raku pankreasa.
kao biomarkeri u raku pankreasa.
02:52
And to make it a bit simpler for myself,
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A da bih to sebi
malo pojednostavio
malo pojednostavio
02:55
I decided to map out a scientific criteria. And here it is.
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odlučio sam da postavim naučne
kriterijume, koji su sledeći:
kriterijume, koji su sledeći:
02:59
Essentially first, the protein would have to be found
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prvo i osnovno,
morao bi da postoji visok nivo
morao bi da postoji visok nivo
03:01
in all pancreatic cancers at high levels in the bloodstream
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tog proteina u krvi u svim
slučajevima raka pankreasa
slučajevima raka pankreasa
03:04
in the earliest stages, but also only in cancer.
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u ranim fazama,
ali samo u slučaju raka.
ali samo u slučaju raka.
03:09
And so I'm just plugging and chugging through this gargantuan task,
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I tako ja rontam kroz informacije
u ovom ogromnom zadatku
u ovom ogromnom zadatku
03:12
and finally, on the 4,000th try,
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i konačno, iz 4.000-og pokušaja,
03:15
when I'm close to losing my sanity,
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kada sam već blizu
gubljenja razuma,
gubljenja razuma,
03:17
I find the protein.
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pronađem taj protein.
03:19
And the name of the protein I'd located
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A ime proteina
koji sam našao
koji sam našao
03:21
was called mesothelin,
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je mezotelin
03:23
and it's just your ordinary, run-of-the-mill type protein,
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i on je najobičniji,
vrlo zastupljeni protein,
vrlo zastupljeni protein,
03:26
unless of course you have pancreatic,
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sem ako, naravno,
imate rak pankreasa,
imate rak pankreasa,
03:27
ovarian or lung cancer,
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jajnika ili pluća.
03:29
in which case it's found at these very high levels in your bloodstream.
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A u tom slučaju, u vašoj krvi
će se nalaziti visok nivo ovog proteina.
će se nalaziti visok nivo ovog proteina.
03:32
But also the key is
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Ali takođe, ključno je
03:34
that it's found in the earliest stages of the disease,
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da je prisutan u najranijim
fazama bolesti,
fazama bolesti,
03:37
when someone has close to 100 percent chance
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onda kada neko ima
skoro 100% šansu
skoro 100% šansu
03:39
of survival.
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da preživi.
03:40
So now that I'd found a reliable protein I could detect,
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Sada, kad sam pronašao pouzdan protein
koji bih mogao da tražim,
koji bih mogao da tražim,
03:44
I then shifted my focus to actually detecting that protein,
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fokusirao sam se na to
da ga zaista i nađem,
da ga zaista i nađem,
03:47
and, thus, pancreatic cancer.
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a, na taj način,
i rak pankreasa.
i rak pankreasa.
03:49
Now, my breakthrough came in a very unlikely place,
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Moje otkriće se desilo
na veoma neobičnom mestu,
na veoma neobičnom mestu,
03:53
possibly the most unlikely place for innovation:
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moguće najneverovatnijem
mestu za inovaciju:
mestu za inovaciju:
03:55
my high school biology class,
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u kabinetu za biologiju
moje srednje škole,
moje srednje škole,
03:57
the absolute stifler of innovation.
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apsolutnom gušitelju inovacije.
04:00
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh)
(Aplauz)
(Aplauz)
04:05
And I had snuck in this article on these things called
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Tu sam krišom uneo
članak o nečemu što se zove
članak o nečemu što se zove
04:08
carbon nanotubes, and that's just a long, thin pipe of carbon
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nano-cevi od ugljenika i to je duga,
tanka cev od ugljenika
tanka cev od ugljenika
04:12
that's an atom thick
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koja je debljine atoma,
04:13
and one 50 thousandth the diameter of your hair.
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a to je 50.000-ti deo prečnika
dlake vaše kose.
dlake vaše kose.
04:16
And despite their extremely small sizes,
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Ali i pored ove ekstremno
male veličine,
male veličine,
04:18
they have these incredible properties.
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ove cevi imaju izuzetne
osobine.
osobine.
04:20
They're kind of like the superheroes of material science.
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One su kao superheroji
nauke o materijalima.
nauke o materijalima.
04:22
And while I was sneakily reading this article
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I dok sam na času biologije
04:25
under my desk in my biology class,
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ispod stola
krišom čitao ovaj članak,
krišom čitao ovaj članak,
04:27
we were supposed to be paying attention
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trebalo je da pratim predavanje
04:28
to these other kind of cool molecules called antibodies.
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o drugim kul molekulima,
antitelima.
antitelima.
04:32
And these are pretty cool because they only react
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A oni su prilično kul
jer reaguju samo
jer reaguju samo
04:34
with one specific protein,
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sa jednim posebnim proteinom,
04:36
but they're not nearly as interesting as carbon nanotubes.
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ali nisu ni izbliza zanimljivi
kao nano-cevi od ugljenika.
kao nano-cevi od ugljenika.
04:38
And so then, I was sitting in class,
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Dakle, sedeo sam tako na času
04:42
and suddenly it hit me:
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i odjednom mi je sinulo:
04:44
I could combine what I was reading about,
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mogao bih da kombinujem
ono o čemu sam čitao,
ono o čemu sam čitao,
04:47
carbon nanotubes,
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o nano-cevima od ugljenika,
04:48
with what I was supposed to be thinking about, antibodies.
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sa onim o čemu je trebalo
da razmišljam, o antitelima.
da razmišljam, o antitelima.
04:51
Essentially, I could weave a bunch of these antibodies
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U osnovi, mogao bih
da prepletem gomilu antitela
da prepletem gomilu antitela
04:54
into a network of carbon nanotubes
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u mrežu nano-cevi od ugljenika,
04:56
such that you have a network
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tako da se napravi mreža
04:58
that only reacts with one protein,
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koja reaguje samo
sa jednim proteinom,
sa jednim proteinom,
05:00
but also, due to the properties of these nanotubes,
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ali koja bi takođe,
zbog osobina ovih nano-cevi,
zbog osobina ovih nano-cevi,
05:03
it would change its electrical properties
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promenila svoje električne osobine
05:05
based on the amount of protein present.
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u zavisnosti od količine
prisutnog proteina.
prisutnog proteina.
05:08
However, there's a catch.
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Međutim, ima jedna kvaka.
05:10
These networks of carbon nanotubes are extremely flimsy,
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Ove mreže nano-cevi
od ugljenika su izuzetno slabe,
od ugljenika su izuzetno slabe,
05:13
and since they're so delicate, they need to be supported.
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a, pošto su toliko osetljive,
moraju se pridržati.
moraju se pridržati.
05:17
So that's why I chose to use paper.
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Zato sam izabrao papir.
05:19
Making a cancer sensor out of paper
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Napraviti senzor za rak
od papira
od papira
05:21
is about as simple as making chocolate chip cookies,
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je jednostavno poput pravljenja
čokoladnih keksića,
čokoladnih keksića,
05:23
which I love.
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koje obožavam.
05:27
You start with some water, pour in some nanotubes,
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Počnemo sa vodom,
sipamo malo nano-cevi,
sipamo malo nano-cevi,
05:30
add antibodies, mix it up,
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dodamo antitela, pomešamo,
05:33
take some paper, dip it, dry it,
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uzmemo malo papira,
umočimo ga, osušimo
umočimo ga, osušimo
05:35
and you can detect cancer.
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i možemo da otkrijemo rak.
05:38
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
05:45
Then, suddenly, a thought occurred
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A onda mi je, iznenada,
sinula jedna misao
sinula jedna misao
05:48
that kind of put a blemish on my amazing plan here.
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koja je malo pokvarila
moj neverovatni plan.
moj neverovatni plan.
05:53
I can't really do cancer research
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Baš i ne mogu da radim
istraživanje o raku
istraživanje o raku
05:54
on my kitchen countertop.
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u svojoj kuhinji.
05:56
My mom wouldn't really like that.
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Mojoj mami se to ne bi
baš svidelo.
baš svidelo.
05:58
So instead, I decided to go for a lab.
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Umesto toga,
odlučio sam se za laboratoriju.
odlučio sam se za laboratoriju.
06:01
So I typed up a budget, a materials list,
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Zatim sam otkucao budžet,
spisak materijala,
spisak materijala,
06:03
a timeline, and a procedure,
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vremenski okvir i postupak
06:06
and I emailed it to 200 different professors
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i poslao imejl na adrese
200 profesora
200 profesora
06:08
at Johns Hopkins University
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sa Univerziteta Džons Hopkins
06:10
and the National Institutes of Health,
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i Nacionalnog instituta za zdravlje,
06:12
essentially anyone that had anything to do with pancreatic cancer.
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zapravo svima koji su bilo kako
povezani sa rakom pankreasa.
povezani sa rakom pankreasa.
06:15
And I sat back waiting for these positive emails to be pouring in,
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I zavalio sam se čekajući da počnu
da stižu pozitivni odgovori,
da stižu pozitivni odgovori,
06:18
saying, "You're a genius!
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koji kažu: "Ti si genije!
06:19
You're going to save us all!"
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Sve ćeš nas spasiti!"
06:21
And — (Laughter)
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Ali...
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
06:25
Then reality took hold,
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Onda me je dočekala realnost
06:26
and over the course of a month,
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i u roku od mesec dana,
06:29
I got 199 rejections out of those 200 emails.
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dobio sam 199 odbijenica
od tih 200 imejlova.
od tih 200 imejlova.
06:33
One professor even went through my entire procedure,
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Jedan profesor je čak prošao
kroz čitav moj postupak,
kroz čitav moj postupak,
06:36
painstakingly -- I'm not really sure where he got all this time --
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vrlo pažljivo - ne znam
odakle mu vreme za to -
odakle mu vreme za to -
06:39
and he went through and said why each and every step
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i objasnio mi
zašto je svaki moj korak
zašto je svaki moj korak
06:43
was like the worst mistake I could ever make.
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najgora greška
koju sam mogao da napravim.
koju sam mogao da napravim.
06:46
Clearly, the professors did not have as high
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Očigledno je da profesori
nisu imali toliko visoko
nisu imali toliko visoko
06:48
of an opinion of my work as I did.
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mišljenje o mom radu kao ja.
06:51
However, there was a silver lining.
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Međutim,
postojalo je i nešto dobro.
postojalo je i nešto dobro.
06:54
One professor said, "Maybe I might be able to help you, kid."
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Jedan od profesora je rekao:
"Možda bih ja mogao da ti pomognem, mali."
"Možda bih ja mogao da ti pomognem, mali."
06:57
So I went in that direction.
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Pa sam se uputio u tom pravcu.
06:59
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:03
As you can never say no to a kid.
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Jer nikad ne možete
detetu reći "ne".
detetu reći "ne".
07:06
And so then, three months later,
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Tako da sam posle
tri meseca
tri meseca
07:08
I finally nailed down a harsh deadline with this guy,
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konačno uspeo da odredim
tačan rok sa ovim tipom.
tačan rok sa ovim tipom.
07:11
and I get into his lab,
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I odem u njegovu laboratoriju,
07:12
I get all excited, and then I sit down,
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sav uzbuđen, a onda sednem
07:15
I start opening my mouth and talking,
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i otvorim usta da progovorim
07:16
and five seconds later he calls in another Ph.D.
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i pet sekundi kasnije,
on pozove još jednog doktora.
on pozove još jednog doktora.
07:19
Ph.D.'s just flock into this little room,
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Doktori se sjate
u tu malu prostoriju
u tu malu prostoriju
07:23
and they're just firing these questions at me,
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i počnu da me
rešetaju pitanjima.
rešetaju pitanjima.
07:25
and by the end, I kind of felt like I was in a clown car.
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Naposletku smo bili zbijeni
kao sardine.
kao sardine.
07:28
There were 20 Ph.D.'s plus me and the professor
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U prostoriji je bilo 20 doktora,
profesor i ja,
profesor i ja,
07:29
crammed into this tiny office space
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svi nagurani u tu malu kancelariju,
07:32
with them firing these rapid-fire questions at me,
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a oni su me rešetali
tom gomilom pitanja
tom gomilom pitanja
07:35
trying to sink my procedure.
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pokušavajući da obore moj postupak.
07:37
How unlikely is that? I mean, pshhh.
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Kolike su šanse za tako nešto?
Mislim, stvarno.
Mislim, stvarno.
07:40
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:44
However, subjecting myself to that interrogation,
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Međutim, budući da sam
prošao to ispitivanje,
prošao to ispitivanje,
07:47
I answered all of their questions,
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i odgovorio na sva
njihova pitanja,
njihova pitanja,
07:48
and I guessed on quite a few but I got them right,
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a dosta odgovora sam
samo uspešno pogodio,
samo uspešno pogodio,
07:50
and I finally landed the lab space I needed.
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konačno sam dobio laboratoriju
koja mi je bila potrebna.
koja mi je bila potrebna.
07:55
But it was shortly afterwards that I discovered
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Ali sam ubrzo shvatio
07:57
my once brilliant procedure
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da moj, naizgled, sjajan plan
07:59
had something like a million holes in it,
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ima oko milion rupa
08:01
and over the course of seven months,
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koje sam u narednih
sedam meseci
sedam meseci
08:03
I painstakingly filled each and every one of those holes.
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pažljivo morao da popunim,
jednu po jednu.
jednu po jednu.
08:06
The result? One small paper sensor
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Rezultat je jedan mali
papirni senzor
papirni senzor
08:09
that costs three cents and takes five minutes to run.
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koji košta tri centa
i deluje za pet minuta.
i deluje za pet minuta.
08:12
This makes it 168 times faster,
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Ovo čini da je ovaj postupak
168 puta brži,
168 puta brži,
08:16
over 26,000 times less expensive,
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preko 26.000 puta jeftiniji
08:19
and over 400 times more sensitive
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i preko 400 puta osetljiviji
08:21
than our current standard for pancreatic cancer detection.
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od standardnog postupka
za otkrivanje raka pankreasa.
za otkrivanje raka pankreasa.
08:24
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:34
One of the best parts of the sensor, though,
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Ipak, jedna od najboljih
osobina ovog senzora
osobina ovog senzora
08:36
is that it has close to 100 percent accuracy,
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je da je približno
stoprocentno tačan
stoprocentno tačan
08:39
and can detect the cancer in the earliest stages
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i može da otkrije rak
u najranijim fazama,
u najranijim fazama,
08:41
when someone has close to 100 percent chance of survival.
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onda kada osoba ima šansu
od skoro 100% da preživi.
od skoro 100% da preživi.
08:45
And so in the next two to five years,
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Tako da bi u sledećih
2-5 godina
2-5 godina
08:47
this sensor could potentially lift for pancreatic cancer survival rates
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ovaj senzor mogao podići stopu
preživljavanja raka pankreasa
preživljavanja raka pankreasa
08:50
from a dismal 5.5 percent
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sa žalosnih 5,5%
08:52
to close to 100 percent,
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na blizu 100%,
08:54
and it would do similar for ovarian and lung cancer.
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a isto bi učinio
i sa rakom jajnika i pluća.
i sa rakom jajnika i pluća.
08:57
But it wouldn't stop there.
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Ali ne bi se na tome zaustavilo.
09:00
By switching out that antibody,
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Isključujući to antitelo,
09:01
you can look at a different protein,
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mogu da se posmatraju
drugi proteini,
drugi proteini,
09:03
thus, a different disease,
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stoga, i druge bolesti.
09:05
potentially any disease in the entire world.
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Potencijalno, bilo koja bolest
koja postoji igde u svetu.
koja postoji igde u svetu.
09:08
So that ranges from heart disease
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Dakle, od srčanih bolesti
09:10
to malaria, HIV, AIDS,
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preko malarije, HIV-a, side
09:13
as well as other forms of cancer -- anything.
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pa sve do drugih vrsta raka
- praktično bilo čega.
- praktično bilo čega.
09:16
And so hopefully one day
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Tako da jednog dana
09:18
we can all have that one extra uncle,
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svi možemo imati
tog još jednog ujaka,
tog još jednog ujaka,
09:20
that one mother, that one brother, sister,
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jednu majku,
jednog brata ili sestru,
jednog brata ili sestru,
09:23
we can have that one more family member to love,
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možemo imati tog još jednog
voljenog člana porodice,
voljenog člana porodice,
09:26
and that our hearts will be rid of that one disease burden
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a naša srca biće oslobođena
tog tereta bolesti
tog tereta bolesti
09:31
that comes from pancreatic, ovarian and lung cancer,
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koji dolazi sa rakom
pankreasa, jajnika ili pluća
pankreasa, jajnika ili pluća
09:34
and potentially any disease,
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i potencijalno sa bilo kojom
drugom bolesti.
drugom bolesti.
09:36
that through the Internet anything is possible.
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Sve je moguće
zahvaljujući internetu.
zahvaljujući internetu.
09:39
Theories can be shared,
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Mogu da se podele teorije
09:40
and you don't have to be a professor
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i ne morate
da budete profesor
da budete profesor
09:42
with multiple degrees to have your ideas valued.
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sa nekoliko diploma
da bi se vaše ideje cenile.
da bi se vaše ideje cenile.
09:45
It's a neutral space,
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To je neutralan prostor
09:46
where what you look like, age or gender,
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u kojem vaš izgled,
godine ili pol
godine ili pol
09:49
it doesn't matter.
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nisu bitni.
09:50
It's just your ideas that count.
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Računaju se samo vaše ideje.
09:52
For me, it's all about looking at the Internet
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Za mene, ključ je
u posmatranju interneta
u posmatranju interneta
09:55
in an entirely new way
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na sasvim novi način
09:57
to realize that there's so much more to it
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kako biste shvatili
da postoji mnogo više
da postoji mnogo više
09:59
than just posting duck-face pictures of yourself online.
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od postavljanja slika
na kojima ste napućeni.
na kojima ste napućeni.
10:04
You could be changing the world.
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Mogli biste
da promenite svet.
da promenite svet.
10:08
So if a 15-year-old
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Znači, ako je
petnaestogodišnje dete
petnaestogodišnje dete
10:10
who didn't even know what a pancreas was
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koje nije znalo
ni šta je pankreas
ni šta je pankreas
10:13
could find a new way to detect pancreatic cancer,
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moglo da pronađe novi način
da se otkrije rak pankreasa,
da se otkrije rak pankreasa,
10:16
just imagine what you could do.
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samo zamislite
šta biste vi mogli da uradite.
šta biste vi mogli da uradite.
10:19
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:20
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jack Andraka - Cancer detector inventorA paper on carbon nanotubes, a biology lecture on antibodies and a flash of insight led 15-year-old Jack Andraka to design a cheaper, more sensitive cancer detector.
Why you should listen
After Andraka’s proposal to build and test his idea for a pancreatic cancer detector was rejected from 199 labs, the teen landed at Johns Hopkins. There, he built his device using inexpensive strips of filter paper, carbon nanotubes and antibodies sensitive to mesothelin, a protein found in high levels in people with pancreatic cancer. When dipped in blood or urine, the mesothelin adheres to these antibodies and is detectable by predictable changes in the nanotubes’ electrical conductivity.
In preliminary tests, Andraka’s invention has shown 100 percent accuracy. It also finds cancers earlier than current methods, costs a mere 3 cents and earned the high schooler the 2012 Intel Science Fair grand prize.
Jack Andraka | Speaker | TED.com