TEDSalon NY2014
Nick Hanauer: Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming
Nik Hanauer (Nick Hanauer): Čuvajte se, kolege plutokrate, stižu vile
Filmed:
Readability: 5.1
2,414,590 views
Nik Hanauer je bogat čovek, neumorni kapitalista - i ima nešto da kaže svojim kolegama plutokratama: probudite se! Rast nejednakosti će dovesti naša društva u uslove slične Francuskoj pred revoluciju. Čujte njegov argument o tome zašto bi dramatični rast u minimalnoj dnevnici mogao da poveća srednju klasu, ostvari ekonomski prosperitet... i spreči revoluciju.
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, author
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
You probably don't know me,
0
1391
2279
Verovatno me ne poznajete
00:15
but I am one of those .01 percenters
1
3670
3344
ali ja sam jedan od onih 0,01 procenata
00:19
that you hear about and read about,
2
7014
1943
za koje ste čuli i o kojima ste čitali,
00:20
and I am by any reasonable definition a plutocrat.
3
8957
4065
i prema svakoj razumnoj definiciji,
ja sam plutokrata.
ja sam plutokrata.
00:25
And tonight, what I would like to do is speak directly
4
13022
3090
Večeras bih voleo da govorim direktno
00:28
to other plutocrats, to my people,
5
16112
2306
drugim plutokratama, svojim ljudima,
00:30
because it feels like it's time for us all
6
18418
2811
jer izgleda da je vreme za sve nas
00:33
to have a chat.
7
21229
2076
da razgovaramo.
00:35
Like most plutocrats, I too am a proud
8
23305
2578
Poput većine plutokrata,
takođe sam ponosan
takođe sam ponosan
00:37
and unapologetic capitalist.
9
25883
2343
i nepomirljivi kapitalista.
00:40
I have founded, cofounded or funded
10
28226
3537
Osnovao sam, potpomogao i finansirao
00:43
over 30 companies across a range of industries.
11
31763
3530
više od 30 kompanija širom
različitih industrija.
različitih industrija.
00:47
I was the first non-family investor in Amazon.com.
12
35293
3595
Bio sam prvi vanporodični investitor
na sajtu Amazon.com.
na sajtu Amazon.com.
00:50
I cofounded a company called aQuantive
13
38888
2721
Suosnovao firmu po imenu "aQuantive"
00:53
that we sold to Microsoft for 6.4 billion dollars.
14
41609
3870
koju smo prodali Majkrosoftu
za 6,4 milijarde dolara.
za 6,4 milijarde dolara.
00:57
My friends and I, we own a bank.
15
45479
2548
Moji prijatelji i ja imamo banku.
01:00
I tell you this — (Laughter) —
16
48027
2896
Govorim vam ovo - (Smeh) -
01:02
unbelievable, right?
17
50923
1247
neverovatno, zar ne?
01:04
I tell you this to show
18
52170
3210
Govorim vam ovo da bih vam pokazao
01:07
that my life is like most plutocrats.
19
55380
2763
da je moj život poput većine plutokrata.
01:10
I have a broad perspective on capitalism
20
58143
3307
Imam široki uvid u kapitalizam
01:13
and business,
21
61450
1800
i biznis,
01:15
and I have been rewarded obscenely for that
22
63250
3790
i nepravedno sam nagrađen za to
01:19
with a life that most of you all
23
67040
2157
životom koji većina svih vas
01:21
can't even imagine:
24
69197
2259
ne može ni da zamisli:
01:23
multiple homes, a yacht, my own plane,
25
71456
2701
nekoliko kuća, jahta, moj lični avion,
01:26
etc., etc., etc.
26
74157
4127
i tako dalje, i tako dalje.
01:30
But let's be honest: I am not the
smartest person you've ever met.
smartest person you've ever met.
27
78284
3262
Ali budimo iskreni: ja nisam
najpametnija osoba koju ste ikada sreli.
najpametnija osoba koju ste ikada sreli.
01:33
I am certainly not the hardest working.
28
81546
2404
Sigurno nisam ni najvrednija.
01:35
I was a mediocre student.
29
83950
1973
Bio sam osrednji student.
01:37
I'm not technical at all.
30
85923
1218
Nisam uopšte stručan.
01:39
I can't write a word of code.
31
87141
2498
Ne mogu da napišem ni jedan kod.
01:41
Truly, my success is the consequence
32
89639
3133
Iskreno, moj uspeh je posledica
01:44
of spectacular luck,
33
92772
2448
neobične sreće,
01:47
of birth, of circumstance and of timing.
34
95220
4904
rođenja, prilika i tajminga.
01:52
But I am actually pretty good at a couple of things.
35
100124
4495
Ali sam zapravo prilično dobar
u par stvari.
u par stvari.
01:56
One, I have an unusually high tolerance for risk,
36
104619
4644
Jedna, imam neobično visoku
trpeljivost rizika,
trpeljivost rizika,
02:01
and the other is I have a good sense,
37
109263
2415
i druga je da imam dobar osećaj,
02:03
a good intuition about what will happen in the future,
38
111678
2625
dobru intuiciju o onome
što će se desiti u budućnosti,
što će se desiti u budućnosti,
02:06
and I think that that intuition about the future
39
114303
3283
i mislim da intuicija o budućnosti
02:09
is the essence of good entrepreneurship.
40
117586
3570
predstavlja srž dobrog preduzetništva.
02:13
So what do I see in our future today,
41
121156
2518
Dakle, šta vidim u našoj budućnosti danas,
02:15
you ask?
42
123674
2002
pitate se?
02:17
I see pitchforks,
43
125676
1655
Vidim vile,
02:19
as in angry mobs with pitchforks,
44
127331
4790
kao vile u besnim ruljama,
02:24
because while people like us plutocrats
45
132121
5214
jer dok ljudi poput nas plutokrata
02:29
are living beyond the dreams of avarice,
46
137335
3531
žive van pohlepnih snova,
02:32
the other 99 percent of our fellow citizens
47
140866
2913
ostalih 99 procenata naših sugrađana
02:35
are falling farther and farther behind.
48
143779
2813
spotiču se sve dalje i dalje iza nas.
02:38
In 1980, the top one percent of Americans
49
146592
2488
1980. godine, jedan procenat Amerikanaca
02:41
shared about eight percent of national [income],
50
149080
2478
podelio je oko 8 procenata
nacionalnih prihoda,
nacionalnih prihoda,
02:43
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
51
151558
2674
dok je poslednjih 50 procenata Amerikanaca
02:46
shared 18 percent.
52
154232
2543
podelilo 18 procenata.
02:48
Thirty years later, today, the top one percent
53
156775
3352
Danas, trideset godina kasnije,
1 procenat na vrhu
1 procenat na vrhu
02:52
shares over 20 percent of national [income],
54
160127
3622
deli preko 20 posto nacionalnog prihoda
02:55
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
55
163749
1901
dok poslednjih 50 procenata Amerikanaca
02:57
share 12 or 13.
56
165650
2914
deli 12 ili 13 procenata.
03:00
If the trend continues,
57
168564
2446
Ako se trend nastavi,
03:03
the top one percent will share
58
171010
1480
najviši procenat deliće
03:04
over 30 percent of national [income]
59
172490
2306
preko 30 procenata nacionalnog prihoda,
03:06
in another 30 years,
60
174796
1792
u narednih 30 godina,
03:08
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
61
176588
2280
dok će poslednjih 50 procenata Amerikanaca
03:10
will share just six.
62
178868
1739
deliti samo šest.
03:12
You see, the problem isn't that we have
63
180607
1996
Vidite, problem nije u tome da imamo
03:14
some inequality.
64
182603
2081
neke nejednakosti.
03:16
Some inequality is necessary
65
184684
2452
Nejednakost je neophodna
03:19
for a high-functioning capitalist democracy.
66
187136
3294
za visoko funkcionalnu
kapitalističku demokratiju.
kapitalističku demokratiju.
03:22
The problem is that inequality
67
190430
1710
Problem je u tome što je nejednakost
03:24
is at historic highs today
68
192140
3362
istorijski visoka danas
03:27
and it's getting worse every day.
69
195502
3419
i pogoršava se svakog dana.
03:30
And if wealth, power, and income
70
198921
2624
Ako novac, moć i prihodi
03:33
continue to concentrate
71
201545
1835
nastave da se koncentrišu
03:35
at the very tippy top,
72
203380
2301
na samom vrhu,
03:37
our society will change
73
205681
1848
naše društvo će se promeniti
03:39
from a capitalist democracy
74
207529
1733
od kapitalističke demokratije
03:41
to a neo-feudalist rentier society
75
209262
3772
do neofeudalističko izdavačkog društva
03:45
like 18th-century France.
76
213034
1985
poput Francuske u 18. veku.
03:47
That was France
77
215019
3194
To je bila Francuska
03:50
before the revolution
78
218213
1747
pre revolucije
03:51
and the mobs with the pitchforks.
79
219960
2024
i rulje sa vilama.
03:53
So I have a message for my fellow plutocrats
80
221984
2554
Imam poruku za moje plutokrate
03:56
and zillionaires
81
224538
1822
i zilionere
03:58
and for anyone who lives
82
226360
1474
i sve koji žive
03:59
in a gated bubble world:
83
227834
2236
u ograđenom zatvorenom svetu:
04:02
Wake up.
84
230070
1351
Probudite se.
04:03
Wake up. It cannot last.
85
231421
3720
Probudite se. To ne može da traje.
04:07
Because if we do not do something
86
235141
2019
Jer ako ne uradimo nešto
04:09
to fix the glaring economic inequities in our society,
87
237160
4331
kako bismo popravili očitu ekonomsku
nejednakost u našem društvu,
nejednakost u našem društvu,
04:13
the pitchforks will come for us,
88
241491
2745
vile će doći po nas
04:16
for no free and open society can long sustain
89
244236
3948
jer nijedno slobodno i otvoreno društvo
ne može više da podnese
ne može više da podnese
04:20
this kind of rising economic inequality.
90
248184
3004
ovu vrstu rastuće ekonomske nejednakosti.
04:23
It has never happened. There are no examples.
91
251188
2922
Nikad se to nije dogodilo. Nema primera.
04:26
You show me a highly unequal society,
92
254110
1859
Pokažite mi visoko nejednako društvo,
04:27
and I will show you a police state
93
255969
1479
a ja ću vam pokazati policijsku državu
04:29
or an uprising.
94
257448
1767
ili pobunu.
04:31
The pitchforks will come for us
95
259215
2143
Vile će doći po nas
04:33
if we do not address this.
96
261358
1911
ako se ne pozabavimo ovim.
04:35
It's not a matter of if, it's when.
97
263269
3848
Ne radi se o "ako" već "kada".
04:39
And it will be terrible when they come
98
267117
3633
I biće užasno kada dođu
04:42
for everyone,
99
270750
1451
po sve,
04:44
but particularly for people like us plutocrats.
100
272201
4984
ali posebno po ljude poput plutokrata.
04:49
I know I must sound like some liberal do-gooder.
101
277185
3420
Znam da verovatno zvučim poput nekog
liberalnog idealiste.
liberalnog idealiste.
04:52
I'm not. I'm not making a moral argument
102
280605
2250
Nisam. Ne dajem moralni argument
04:54
that economic inequality is wrong.
103
282855
3262
da je ekonomska nejednakost pogrešna.
04:58
What I am arguing is that rising economic inequality
104
286117
4286
Tvrdim da je rastuća ekonomska nejednakost
05:02
is stupid and ultimately self-defeating.
105
290403
3521
glupa i krajnje samouništavajuća.
05:05
Rising inequality doesn't just increase our risks
106
293924
3228
Rastuća nejednakost ne povećava
samo naše rizike
samo naše rizike
05:09
from pitchforks,
107
297152
1868
od vila,
05:11
but it's also terrible for business too.
108
299020
4567
već je i užasna za posao.
05:15
So the model for us rich guys should be Henry Ford.
109
303587
3870
Dakle, model za nas bogate momke
treba da bude Henri Ford.
treba da bude Henri Ford.
05:19
When Ford famously introduced the $5 day,
110
307457
3813
Kada je Ford svečano predstavio
dan od 5 dolara,
dan od 5 dolara,
05:23
which was twice the prevailing wage at the time,
111
311270
2947
što je bilo duplo veće
od najveće dnevnice u to vreme,
od najveće dnevnice u to vreme,
05:26
he didn't just increase the productivity
112
314217
2070
on nije samo povećao produktivnost
05:28
of his factories,
113
316287
1969
svojih fabrika,
05:30
he converted exploited autoworkers who were poor
114
318256
3397
već je preokrenuo ekspolatisane
radnike koji su bili siromašni,
radnike koji su bili siromašni,
05:33
into a thriving middle class who could now afford
115
321653
2700
u naprednu srednju klasu
koja je sada mogla da priušti
koja je sada mogla da priušti
05:36
to buy the products that they made.
116
324353
3217
da kupi proizvode koje su napravili.
05:39
Ford intuited what we now know is true,
117
327570
4290
Ford je predvideo ono što sada
znamo da je istina,
znamo da je istina,
05:43
that an economy is best understood as an ecosystem
118
331860
4001
da je ekonomija najbolje
shvaćena kao ekosistem
shvaćena kao ekosistem
05:47
and characterized by the same kinds
119
335861
1919
i karakterisana istim vrstama
05:49
of feedback loops you find
120
337780
2560
okvira povratnih informacija
koje nađete
koje nađete
05:52
in a natural ecosystem,
121
340340
1740
u prirodnom ekosistemu,
05:54
a feedback loop between customers and businesses.
122
342080
3938
karika između mušterija i poslova.
05:58
Raising wages increases demand,
123
346018
3106
Povećanje dnevnica povećava zahteve,
06:01
which increases hiring,
124
349124
2081
što povećava zapošljivost,
06:03
which in turn increases wages
125
351205
2081
koja u zamenu za to povećava dnevnice,
06:05
and demand and profits,
126
353286
2630
potražnje i profite,
06:07
and that virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity
127
355916
4844
i kvalitetni krug rastućeg prosperiteta
06:12
is precisely what is missing
128
360760
2149
je upravo ono što nedostaje
06:14
from today's economic recovery.
129
362909
4995
oporavku današnje ekonomije.
06:19
And this is why we need to put behind us
130
367904
4618
Zbog ovoga treba da stavimo iza sebe
06:24
the trickle-down policies that so dominate
131
372522
3708
ova pravila koja smanjuju greške
koja dominiraju
koja dominiraju
06:28
both political parties
132
376230
1797
u obe političke partije
06:30
and embrace something I call middle-out economics.
133
378027
3405
i obuhvataju nešto što ja zovem
srednjim ekonomijama.
srednjim ekonomijama.
06:33
Middle-out economics rejects
134
381432
2535
Srednje ekonomije odbacuju
06:35
the neoclassical economic idea
135
383967
2317
neoklasičnu ekonomsku ideju
06:38
that economies are efficient, linear, mechanistic,
136
386284
4197
da su ekonomije efikasne,
linearne, mehanističke,
linearne, mehanističke,
06:42
that they tend towards equilibrium and fairness,
137
390481
3127
da teže ka jednakosti i poštenju,
06:45
and instead embraces the 21st-century idea
138
393608
3438
i umesto toga podržavaju ideje 21. veka
06:49
that economies are complex, adaptive,
139
397046
3774
da su ekonomije kompleksne, prilagodljive,
06:52
ecosystemic,
140
400820
2002
ekosistemske,
06:54
that they tend away from
equilibrium and toward inequality,
equilibrium and toward inequality,
141
402822
3348
da izbegavaju jednakost
i teže nejednakosti,
i teže nejednakosti,
06:58
that they're not efficient at all
142
406170
1750
da uopšte nisu efikasne
06:59
but are effective if well managed.
143
407920
3285
ali su efikasne ako se dobro uklope.
07:03
This 21st-century perspective
144
411205
3271
Ovo gledište iz 21. veka
07:06
allows you to clearly see that capitalism
145
414476
2664
omogućava vam da jasno vidite
da kapitalizam
da kapitalizam
07:09
does not work by [efficiently] allocating
146
417140
3287
ne funkcioniše na osnovu
efikasne raspodele
efikasne raspodele
07:12
existing resources.
147
420427
2440
postojećih izvora.
07:14
It works by [efficiently] creating new solutions
148
422867
5998
On funkcioniše putem efikasnog
kreiranja novih rešenja
kreiranja novih rešenja
07:20
to human problems.
149
428865
1255
za ljudske probleme.
07:22
The genius of capitalism
150
430120
2209
Prednost kapitalizma
07:24
is that it is an evolutionary solution-finding system.
151
432329
4882
je to što je evolucioni sistem
za pronalaženje rešenja.
za pronalaženje rešenja.
07:29
It rewards people for solving
other people's problems.
other people's problems.
152
437211
5951
Nagrađuje ljude za rešavanje
problema drugih ljudi.
problema drugih ljudi.
07:35
The difference between a poor society
153
443162
2947
Razlika između siromašnog društva
07:38
and a rich society, obviously,
154
446109
2317
i bogatog, očigledno,
07:40
is the degree to which that society
155
448426
2938
je nivo na kojem je to društvo
07:43
has generated solutions in the form
156
451364
1933
stvorilo rešenja u obliku
07:45
of products for its citizens.
157
453297
2859
proizvoda za svoje građane.
07:48
The sum of the solutions
158
456156
1821
Zbir rešenja
07:49
that we have in our society
159
457977
1991
koje imamo u svom društvu
07:51
really is our prosperity, and this explains
160
459968
2374
predstavlja naš prosperitet
i ovo objašnjava
i ovo objašnjava
07:54
why companies like Google and Amazon
161
462342
2283
zašto su kompanije
poput Gugla i Amazona,
poput Gugla i Amazona,
07:56
and Microsoft and Apple
162
464625
2363
Majkrosofta i Epla,
07:58
and the entrepreneurs who created those companies
163
466988
2902
i preduzetnika koji su stvorili
te kompanije
te kompanije
08:01
have contributed so much
164
469890
3560
doprineli toliko
08:05
to our nation's prosperity.
165
473450
2706
prosperitetu naše nacije.
08:08
This 21st-century perspective
166
476156
2800
Gledište 21. veka
08:10
also makes clear
167
478956
2589
takođe ističe
08:13
that what we think of as economic growth
168
481545
2445
da je ono što mislimo o ekonomskom rastu
08:15
is best understood as
169
483990
1947
najbolje shvaćeno kao
08:17
the rate at which we solve problems.
170
485937
2494
nivo na kojem rešavamo probleme.
08:20
But that rate is totally dependent upon
171
488431
3418
Ali taj nivo je totalno zavisan
08:23
how many problem solvers —
172
491849
3577
od toga koliko ima različitih
razrešivača problema
razrešivača problema
08:27
diverse, able problem solvers — we have,
173
495426
2486
i koliko sposobnih razrešivača
problema imamo
problema imamo
08:29
and thus how many of our fellow citizens
174
497912
2733
i koliko naših sugrađana
08:32
actively participate,
175
500645
2225
aktivno učestvuje
08:34
both as entrepreneurs who can offer solutions,
176
502870
3650
i kao preduzetnici koji mogu
da ponude rešenja,
da ponude rešenja,
08:38
and as customers who consume them.
177
506520
3642
i kao mušterije koje ih koriste.
08:42
But this maximizing participation thing
178
510162
4118
Ali ovaj momenat povećanja učešća
08:46
doesn't happen by accident.
179
514280
1619
ne događa se slučajno.
08:47
It doesn't happen by itself.
180
515899
1969
Ne događa se samo od sebe.
08:49
It requires effort and investment,
181
517868
3729
Zahteva napor i ulaganje,
08:53
which is why all
182
521597
2430
što objašnjava
08:56
highly prosperous capitalist democracies
183
524027
3231
zašto su visoko prosperitetne
kapitalističke demokratije
kapitalističke demokratije
08:59
are characterized by massive investments
184
527258
2549
okarakterisane ogromnim investicijama
09:01
in the middle class and the infrastructure
185
529807
2565
u srednjoj klasi i infrastrukturi
09:04
that they depend on.
186
532372
2868
od koje zavise.
09:07
We plutocrats need to get this
187
535240
1999
Mi plutokrate treba da se rešimo
09:09
trickle-down economics thing behind us,
188
537239
3139
ove ekonomije,
09:12
this idea that the better we do,
189
540378
1906
te ideje da ukoliko je nama bolje,
09:14
the better everyone else will do.
190
542284
2667
bolje će biti i drugima.
09:16
It's not true. How could it be?
191
544951
3920
To nije tačno. Kako može biti?
09:20
I earn 1,000 times the median wage,
192
548871
4128
Ja zarađujem 1000 puta više
od prosečne plate,
od prosečne plate,
09:24
but I do not buy 1,000 times as much stuff,
193
552999
2925
ali ne kupujem 1000 puta više stvari,
09:27
do I?
194
555924
1064
zar ne?
09:28
I actually bought two pairs of these pants,
195
556988
3188
Zapravo sam kupio dva para ovih pantalona,
09:32
what my partner Mike calls
196
560176
1934
ono što moj partner Majk naziva
09:34
my manager pants.
197
562110
1515
mojim menadžerskim pantalonama.
09:35
I could have bought 2,000 pairs,
198
563625
2936
Mogao sam da kupim 2000 pari,
09:38
but what would I do with them? (Laughter)
199
566561
3066
ali šta bih radio sa njima? (Smeh)
09:41
How many haircuts can I get?
200
569627
3029
Koliko frizura mogu da kupim?
09:44
How often can I go out to dinner?
201
572656
3705
Koliko često mogu da izađem na večeru?
09:48
No matter how wealthy a few plutocrats get,
202
576361
4073
Bez obzira koliko se
nekoliko plutokrata obogati,
nekoliko plutokrata obogati,
09:52
we can never drive a great national economy.
203
580434
3544
ne možemo da pokrenemo veliku
nacionalnu ekonomiju.
nacionalnu ekonomiju.
09:55
Only a thriving middle class can do that.
204
583978
5693
Samo razvijena srednja klasa
to može da učini.
to može da učini.
10:01
There's nothing to be done,
205
589671
1697
Ne treba ništa da se uradi,
10:03
my plutocrat friends might say.
206
591368
4141
rekle bi moje plutokrate.
10:07
Henry Ford was in a different time.
207
595509
3204
Henri Ford je živeo u drugačijem vremenu.
10:10
Maybe we can't do some things.
208
598713
2274
Možda ne možemo da uradimo neke stvari.
10:12
Maybe we can do some things.
209
600987
2936
Možda možemo da uradimo neke stvari.
10:15
June 19, 2013,
210
603923
3861
19. juna 2013. godine
10:19
Bloomberg published an article I wrote called
211
607784
3433
Blumberg je objavio članak koji sam
napisao pod imenom
napisao pod imenom
10:23
"The Capitalist’s Case for a $15 Minimum Wage."
212
611217
4933
"Kapitalistički slučaj
za minimalne dnevnice od 15 dolara."
za minimalne dnevnice od 15 dolara."
10:28
The good people at Forbes magazine,
213
616150
2922
Dobri ljudi u magazinu Forbs,
10:31
among my biggest admirers,
214
619072
2198
među mojim najvećim poštovaocima,
10:33
called it "Nick Hanauer's near-insane proposal."
215
621270
4720
nazvali su ga "skoro potpuno ludim
predlogom Nika Hanauera".
predlogom Nika Hanauera".
10:37
And yet, just 350 days
216
625990
3229
Zatim, samo 350 dana
10:41
after that article was published,
217
629219
2576
nakon što je članak objavljen,
10:43
Seattle's Mayor Ed Murray signed into law
218
631795
2949
gradonačelnik Sijetla,
Ed Marej potpisao je
Ed Marej potpisao je
10:46
an ordinance raising the minimum wage in Seattle
219
634744
3766
uredbu za podizanje minimalne
dnevnice u Sijetlu
dnevnice u Sijetlu
10:50
to 15 dollars an hour,
220
638510
1688
na 15 dolara po satu,
10:52
more than double
221
640198
1440
više nego duplo
10:53
what the prevailing federal $7.25 rate is.
222
641638
4692
od većinske državne dnevnice
od 7,25 dolara.
od 7,25 dolara.
10:58
How did this happen,
223
646330
1780
Kako se ovo dogodilo,
11:00
reasonable people might ask.
224
648110
2085
zapitaće se razumni ljudi.
11:02
It happened because a group of us
225
650195
1668
Dogodilo se jer je grupa nas
11:03
reminded the middle class
226
651863
1364
podsetila srednju klasu
11:05
that they are the source
227
653227
1651
da su oni izvor
11:06
of growth and prosperity in capitalist economies.
228
654878
3666
rasta i prosperiteta
u kapitalističkim ekonomijama.
u kapitalističkim ekonomijama.
11:10
We reminded them that when
workers have more money,
workers have more money,
229
658544
3566
Podsetili smo ih da kada radnici
imaju više novca,
imaju više novca,
11:14
businesses have more customers,
230
662110
1712
preduzeća imaju više mušterija,
11:15
and need more employees.
231
663822
1982
i treba im više zaposlenih.
11:17
We reminded them that when businesses
232
665804
2686
Podsetili smo ih da kada preduzeća
11:20
pay workers a living wage,
233
668490
2720
plaćaju radnike standardnom dnevnicom,
11:23
taxpayers are relieved of the burden
234
671210
1892
poreski obveznici su oslobođeni
11:25
of funding the poverty programs
235
673102
1710
finansiranja programa siromaštva
11:26
like food stamps and medical assistance
236
674812
2902
poput markica za hranu i medicinske pomoći
11:29
and rent assistance
237
677714
1710
i pomoći za stanarinu
11:31
that those workers need.
238
679424
2396
koje trebaju tim radnicima.
11:33
We reminded them that low-wage workers
239
681820
2964
Podsetili smo ih da radnici
sa niskom nadnicom
sa niskom nadnicom
11:36
make terrible taxpayers,
240
684784
2326
predstavljaju užasne poreske obveznike,
11:39
and that when you raise the minimum wage
241
687110
2018
i da kada povećate minimalnu platu
11:41
for all businesses,
242
689128
2125
za sva preduzeća,
11:43
all businesses benefit
243
691253
1667
sva preduzeća imaju korist od toga,
11:44
yet all can compete.
244
692920
2731
a ipak mogu da budu konkurentna.
11:47
Now the orthodox reaction, of course,
245
695651
1721
Prirodna reakcija, naravno,
11:49
is raising the minimum wage costs jobs. Right?
246
697372
3803
je da podizanje minimalne plate
košta preuzeća. Zar ne?
košta preuzeća. Zar ne?
11:53
Your politician's always echoing
247
701175
2588
Vaši političari su uvek ponavljali
11:55
that trickle-down idea by saying things like,
248
703763
3092
tu ideju teorije "kapanja nadole",
govoreći stvari poput:
govoreći stvari poput:
11:58
"Well, if you raise the price of employment,
249
706855
2093
"Ako podignete cenu zapošljivosti,
12:00
guess what happens? You get less of it."
250
708948
2792
pogodite šta se dešava?
Dobijate je manje."
Dobijate je manje."
12:03
Are you sure?
251
711740
2430
Da li ste sigurni?
12:06
Because there's some contravening evidence.
252
714170
3653
Jer, javljaju se suprotni dokazi.
12:09
Since 1980, the wages of CEOs in our country
253
717823
4759
Od 1980. godine,
plate direktora u našoj zemlji
plate direktora u našoj zemlji
12:14
have gone from about 30 times the median wage
254
722582
2268
su porasle sa 30 puta
veće cifre od prosečne plate
veće cifre od prosečne plate
12:16
to 500 times.
255
724850
2272
do 500 puta veće od prosečne plate.
12:19
That's raising the price of employment.
256
727122
3168
To je rast cene zapošljivosti.
12:22
And yet, to my knowledge,
257
730290
2972
I prema svom iskustvu,
12:25
I have never seen a company
258
733262
2172
nikad nisam video firmu
12:27
outsource its CEO's job, automate their job,
259
735434
3746
koja izvozi posao svog direktora,
koja automatizuje svoj posao,
koja automatizuje svoj posao,
12:31
export the job to China.
260
739180
2087
i izvozi svoj posao u Kinu.
12:33
In fact, we appear to be employing
261
741267
2026
Zapravo, sve više zapošljavamo
12:35
more CEOs and senior managers than ever before.
262
743293
3222
direktore i starije menadžere
nego ikada ranije.
nego ikada ranije.
12:38
So too for technology workers
263
746515
4190
Ovo važi i za tehnološke radnike
12:42
and financial services workers,
264
750705
1826
i radnike finansijskih usluga,
12:44
who earn multiples of the median wage
265
752531
2618
koji zarađuju više prosečnih plata
12:47
and yet we employ more and more of them,
266
755149
2005
i njih zapošljavamo sve više i više.
12:49
so clearly you can raise the price of employment
267
757154
4896
i očito možete podići cenu zaposlenja
12:54
and get more of it.
268
762050
2041
i dobiti više.
12:56
I know that most people
269
764091
2584
Znam da većina ljudi smatra
da je minimalna dnevnica od 15 dolara
12:58
think that the $15 minimum wage
270
766675
1722
13:00
is this insane, risky economic experiment.
271
768397
3915
totalno suluda i rizični
ekonomski eksperiment.
ekonomski eksperiment.
13:04
We disagree.
272
772312
1898
Ne slažemo se sa time.
13:06
We believe that the $15 minimum wage
273
774210
2474
Verujemo da je minimalna
dnevnica od 15 dolara
dnevnica od 15 dolara
13:08
in Seattle
274
776684
1266
u Sijetlu
13:09
is actually the continuation
275
777950
1853
zapravo nastavak
13:11
of a logical economic policy.
276
779803
2708
logične ekonomske politike.
13:14
It is allowing our city
277
782511
1960
To omogućava našem gradu
13:16
to kick your city's ass.
278
784471
2735
da pobedi vaš.
13:19
Because, you see,
279
787206
1759
Jer, vidite,
13:20
Washington state already has
280
788965
1712
država Vašington uveliko ima
13:22
the highest minimum wage
281
790677
1493
najvišu minimalnu dnevnicu
13:24
of any state in the nation.
282
792170
1699
od svih država u Americi.
13:25
We pay all workers $9.32,
283
793869
2261
Plaćamo sve radnike 9,32 dolara
13:28
which is almost 30 percent more
284
796130
1843
što je skoro 30 procenata više
13:29
than the federal minimum of 7.25,
285
797973
2558
od saveznog minimuma od 7,25 dolara,
13:32
but crucially, 427 percent more
286
800531
3953
ali najvažnije je da 427 puta više
13:36
than the federal tipped minimum of 2.13.
287
804484
3586
od državne minimalne
napojnice od 2,13 dolara.
napojnice od 2,13 dolara.
13:40
If trickle-down thinkers were right,
288
808070
2616
Ako su zagovornici teorije
kapanja bili u pravu,
kapanja bili u pravu,
13:42
then Washington state should
have massive unemployment.
have massive unemployment.
289
810686
3112
onda država Vašington treba
da ima ogromnu nezaposlenost.
da ima ogromnu nezaposlenost.
13:45
Seattle should be sliding into the ocean.
290
813798
2680
Sijetl bi trebalo da sklizne u okean.
13:48
And yet, Seattle
291
816478
3023
A zapravo, Sijetl
13:51
is the fastest-growing big city in the country.
292
819501
3898
je najbrže rastući veliki grad u zemlji.
13:55
Washington state is generating small business jobs
293
823399
4117
Država Vašington proizvodi
poslove malih preduzeća
poslove malih preduzeća
13:59
at a higher rate than any other major state
294
827516
2621
na višem nivou od bilo koje države
14:02
in the nation.
295
830137
1856
u naciji.
14:03
The restaurant business in Seattle? Booming.
296
831993
3904
Restoranski posao u Sijetlu?
Prosperitetan.
Prosperitetan.
14:07
Why? Because the fundamental law of capitalism is,
297
835897
4388
Zašto? Zato što je
glavni zakon kapitalizma,
glavni zakon kapitalizma,
14:12
when workers have more money,
298
840285
1615
kada radnici imaju više novca,
14:13
businesses have more customers
299
841900
1526
preduzeća imaju više mušterija,
14:15
and need more workers.
300
843426
2257
i treba im više radnika.
14:17
When restaurants pay restaurant workers enough
301
845683
3151
Kada restorani plaćaju restoranske
radnike dovoljno
radnike dovoljno
14:20
so that even they can afford to eat in restaurants,
302
848834
3622
da čak i oni mogu da priušte
da jedu u restoranima,
da jedu u restoranima,
14:24
that's not bad for the restaurant business.
303
852456
2665
to nije loše za restoranski posao.
14:27
That's good for it,
304
855121
1699
Dobro je za to,
14:28
despite what some restaurateurs may tell you.
305
856820
4579
uprkos onome što bi vam neki
vlasnici restorana rekli.
vlasnici restorana rekli.
Da li je komplikovanije
nego što vam ja to iznosim?
nego što vam ja to iznosim?
14:33
Is it more complicated than I'm making out?
306
861399
2058
14:35
Of course it is.
307
863457
997
Naravno da jeste.
14:36
There are a lot of dynamics at play.
308
864454
1868
Postoji mnogo dinamika u igri.
14:38
But can we please stop insisting
309
866322
2242
Ali možemo li molim vas
da prestanemo da insistiramo
da prestanemo da insistiramo
14:40
that if low-wage workers earn a little bit more,
310
868564
2801
da će nezaposlenost skočiti
ako radnici sa niskim platama
ako radnici sa niskim platama
14:43
unemployment will skyrocket
311
871365
1508
zarađuju malo više,
14:44
and the economy will collapse?
312
872873
1328
i da će se ekonomija urušiti?
14:46
There is no evidence for it.
313
874201
2609
Ne postoje dokazi za to.
14:48
The most insidious thing
314
876810
1231
Najlukavija stvar
14:50
about trickle-down economics
315
878041
1847
o ekonomijama kapanja
14:51
is not the claim that if the rich get richer,
316
879888
2302
nije činjenica da će ako bogati
postanu bogatiji,
postanu bogatiji,
14:54
everyone is better off.
317
882190
1537
svima biti bolje.
14:55
It is the claim made by those who oppose
318
883727
3061
To je tvrdnja stvorena od strane onih
koji se suprotstavljaju
koji se suprotstavljaju
14:58
any increase in the minimum wage
319
886788
1902
svakom povećanju u minimalnoj plati,
15:00
that if the poor get richer,
320
888690
1855
da ako se siromašni obogate,
15:02
that will be bad for the economy.
321
890545
2217
to će biti loše za ekonomiju.
15:04
This is nonsense.
322
892762
1980
To je glupost.
15:06
So can we please dispense with this rhetoric
323
894742
3865
Možemo li molim vas da prestanemo
sa ovom retorikom
sa ovom retorikom
15:10
that says that rich guys like me
324
898607
2343
koja kaže da su bogati ljudi poput mene
15:12
and my plutocrat friends
325
900950
2854
i mojih kolega plutokrata
15:15
made our country?
326
903804
2573
stvorili ovu zemlju?
15:18
We plutocrats know,
327
906377
2075
Mi plutokrate znamo,
čak i ako ne volimo da priznamo javno,
15:20
even if we don't like to admit it in public,
328
908452
1624
15:22
that if we had been born somewhere else,
329
910076
2669
da smo bili rođeni negde drugde,
15:24
not here in the United States,
330
912745
1897
ne ovde u Sjedinjenim Državama,
15:26
we might very well be just some dude standing barefoot
331
914642
2860
verovatno bismo bili
samo neki momci koji stoje bosi
samo neki momci koji stoje bosi
15:29
by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
332
917502
3150
pored prašnjavog puta prodajući voće.
To ne znači da na drugim mestima
ne postoje dobri preduzetnici,
ne postoje dobri preduzetnici,
15:32
It's not that they don't have good
entrepreneurs in other places,
entrepreneurs in other places,
333
920652
2531
15:35
even very, very poor places.
334
923183
2025
čak i na veoma, veoma siromašnim mestima.
15:37
It's just that that's all
335
925208
1552
Radi se o tome da je to sve
15:38
that those entrepreneurs' customers can afford.
336
926760
4536
što mušterije tih preduzetnika
mogu da priušte.
mogu da priušte.
15:43
So here's an idea for a new kind of economics,
337
931296
4599
Evo ideje za novu vrstu ekonomije,
15:47
a new kind of politics
338
935895
1547
novu vrstu politike,
15:49
that I call new capitalism.
339
937442
2887
koju ja zovem novim kapitalizmom.
15:52
Let's acknowledge that capitalism
340
940329
2472
Priznajmo da kapitalizam
15:54
beats the alternatives,
341
942801
1797
pobeđuje alternative,
15:56
but also that the more people we include,
342
944598
3997
ali i da što više ljudi uključimo,
16:00
both as entrepreneurs and as customers,
343
948595
3524
i kao preduzetnike i kao mušterije,
16:04
the better it works.
344
952119
2160
bolje će funkcionisati.
16:06
Let's by all means shrink the size of government,
345
954279
3786
Hajde da svim sredstvima smanjimo
veličinu vlasti,
veličinu vlasti,
16:10
but not by slashing the poverty programs,
346
958065
2719
ali ne režući programe siromaštva,
16:12
but by ensuring that workers are paid enough
347
960784
2017
već omogućujući da su radnici
dovoljno plaćeni
dovoljno plaćeni
16:14
so that they actually don't need those programs.
348
962801
3322
tako da im zapravo
ne trebaju ti programi.
ne trebaju ti programi.
16:18
Let's invest enough in the middle class
349
966123
2917
Ulažimo dovoljno u srednju klasu
16:21
to make our economy fairer and more inclusive,
350
969040
3193
da bismo učinili našu ekonomiju
poštenijom i inkluzivnijom,
poštenijom i inkluzivnijom,
16:24
and by fairer, more truly competitive,
351
972233
3934
i poštenijom, istinski takmičarskom,
16:28
and by more truly competitive,
352
976167
1762
i pod istinski takmičarskom,
16:29
more able to generate the solutions
353
977929
2816
sposobnijom da stvara rešenja
16:32
to human problems
354
980745
1472
za ljudske probleme
16:34
that are the true drivers of growth and prosperity.
355
982217
5630
koji su istinske vodilje
rasta i prosperiteta.
rasta i prosperiteta.
16:39
Capitalism is the greatest social technology
356
987847
3273
Kapitalizam je najveća
društvena tehnologija
društvena tehnologija
16:43
ever invented
357
991120
1469
ikada osmišljena
16:44
for creating prosperity in human societies,
358
992589
2862
za stvaranje prosperiteta
u ljudskim društvima,
u ljudskim društvima,
16:47
if it is well managed,
359
995451
1734
ako je dobro vođen,
16:49
but capitalism, because of the fundamental
360
997185
3171
ali kapitalizam, zbog glavnih
16:52
multiplicative dynamics of complex systems,
361
1000356
2765
umnožavajućih dinamika
kompleksnih sistema,
kompleksnih sistema,
16:55
tends towards, inexorably, inequality,
362
1003121
3528
neumoljivo teži ka nejednakosti,
16:58
concentration and collapse.
363
1006649
4421
koncentraciji i slomu.
17:03
The work of democracies
364
1011070
2448
Posao demokratija
17:05
is to maximize the inclusion of the many
365
1013518
4503
je da se poveća inkluzija mnogih
17:10
in order to create prosperity,
366
1018021
2977
kako bi se stvorio prosperitet,
17:12
not to enable the few to accumulate money.
367
1020998
3922
a ne da omogući nekolicini
da gomilaju novac.
da gomilaju novac.
17:16
Government does create prosperity and growth,
368
1024920
3100
Vlada stvara prosperitet i rast,
17:20
by creating the conditions that allow
369
1028020
3226
stvaranjem uslova koji omogućavaju
17:23
both entrepreneurs and their customers
370
1031246
2891
i preduzetnicima
i njihovim mušterijama
i njihovim mušterijama
17:26
to thrive.
371
1034137
1845
da napreduju.
17:27
Balancing the power of capitalists like me
372
1035982
3184
Balansiranje snage kapitalista poput mene
17:31
and workers isn't bad for capitalism.
373
1039166
3172
i radnika nije loše za kapitalizam,
17:34
It's essential to it.
374
1042338
1800
već je ključno za njega.
17:36
Programs like a reasonable minimum wage,
375
1044138
2666
Programi poput razumske
minimalne dnevnice,
minimalne dnevnice,
17:38
affordable healthcare,
376
1046804
2014
pristupačne zdravstvene nege,
17:40
paid sick leave,
377
1048818
1303
plaćenog bolovanja,
17:42
and the progressive taxation necessary
378
1050121
3419
i progresivnog oporezivanja neophodnog
17:45
to pay for the important infrastructure
379
1053540
2196
za plaćanje važne infrastrukture,
17:47
necessary for the middle class like education, R and D,
380
1055736
4051
neophodne za srednju klasu
poput obrazovanja, istraživanja i razvoja,
poput obrazovanja, istraživanja i razvoja,
17:51
these are indispensable tools
381
1059787
2566
ovo su nezamenjivi alati
17:54
shrewd capitalists should embrace
382
1062353
2109
koje bi zli kapitalisti trebalo da prigrle
17:56
to drive growth, because no one benefits from it
383
1064462
3986
da bi razvili rast,
jer niko ne profitira od toga
jer niko ne profitira od toga
18:00
like us.
384
1068448
1646
poput nas.
18:02
Many economists would have you believe
385
1070094
2248
Mnogi ekonomisti bi voleli da verujete
18:04
that their field is an objective science.
386
1072342
3080
da je njihova oblast objektivna nauka.
18:07
I disagree, and I think that it is equally
387
1075422
2847
Ne slažem se sa time
i mislim da je to jednako
i mislim da je to jednako
18:10
a tool that humans use
388
1078269
2069
i alat koji ljudi koriste
18:12
to enforce and encode
389
1080338
1889
kako bi podržali i kodirali
18:14
our social and moral preferences and prejudices
390
1082227
3576
naše društvene i moralne predrasude
18:17
about status and power,
391
1085803
3902
o statusu i snazi,
18:21
which is why plutocrats like me
392
1089705
2277
zbog čega su plutokrate poput mene
18:23
have always needed to find persuasive stories
393
1091982
4006
uvek trebale da nađu ubedljive priče
18:27
to tell everyone else
394
1095988
1674
da ispričaju svakome
18:29
about why our relative positions
395
1097662
4114
o tome zašto su naše povezane pozicije
18:33
are morally righteous and good for everyone:
396
1101776
4132
moralno pravične i dobre za svakoga:
18:37
like, we are indispensable, the job creators,
397
1105908
4275
kao, mi stvaraoci posla smo neophodni,
18:42
and you are not;
398
1110183
2362
a vi niste;
18:44
like, tax cuts for us create growth,
399
1112545
3386
kao, ukidanje poreza za nas stvara rast,
18:47
but investments in you
400
1115931
2014
ali ulaganje u vas
18:49
will balloon our debt
401
1117945
1676
će povećati naš dug
18:51
and bankrupt our great country;
402
1119621
2508
i dovesti do bankrota
našu veliku državu;
našu veliku državu;
18:54
that we matter;
403
1122129
1868
da smo bitni,
18:55
that you don't.
404
1123997
2351
a da vi niste.
18:58
For thousands of years, these stories were called
405
1126348
2643
Hiljadama godina,
ove priče su se zvale
ove priče su se zvale
19:00
divine right.
406
1128991
1448
božanskim pravom.
19:02
Today, we have trickle-down economics.
407
1130439
4254
Danas, imamo ekonomije kapanja.
19:06
How obviously, transparently self-serving
408
1134693
3883
Koliko je samo očigledno
19:10
all of this is.
409
1138576
1594
da je sve ovo u korist nas samih.
19:12
We plutocrats need to see
410
1140170
2782
Mi plutokrate treba da vidimo
19:14
that the United States of America made us,
411
1142952
2353
da su Sjedinjene Američke
Države stvorile nas,
Države stvorile nas,
19:17
not the other way around;
412
1145305
1684
a ne obrnuto,
19:18
that a thriving middle class is the source
413
1146989
2838
da je napredujuća srednja klasa izvor
19:21
of prosperity in capitalist economies,
414
1149827
2296
prosperiteta u kapitalističkim
ekonomijama,
ekonomijama,
19:24
not a consequence of it.
415
1152123
2639
a ne posledica toga.
19:26
And we should never forget
416
1154762
2691
Nikada ne bismo smeli da zaboravimo
19:29
that even the best of us in
the worst of circumstances
the worst of circumstances
417
1157453
3695
da su čak i najbolji od nas
u najgorim situacijama
u najgorim situacijama
19:33
are barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
418
1161148
5734
bosi po strani prašnjavog puta
i prodaju voće.
i prodaju voće.
19:38
Fellow plutocrats, I think it may be time for us
419
1166882
2614
Kolege plutokrate, smatram da nam je vreme
19:41
to recommit to our country,
420
1169496
2203
da se posvetimo svojoj državi,
19:43
to commit to a new kind of capitalism
421
1171699
2562
posvetimo novoj vrsti kapitalizma
19:46
which is both more inclusive and more effective,
422
1174261
4354
koji je inkluzivniji i efektivniji,
19:50
a capitalism that will ensure
423
1178615
2058
kapitalizma koji će omogućiti
19:52
that America's economy remains
424
1180673
3161
da američka ekonomija ostane
19:55
the most dynamic and prosperous in the world.
425
1183834
3386
najdinamičnija i najprosperitetnija
na svetu.
na svetu.
19:59
Let's secure the future for ourselves,
426
1187220
2160
Hajde da osiguramo svoju budućnost,
20:01
our children and their children.
427
1189380
2734
budućnost svoje i njihove dece.
20:04
Or alternatively, we could do nothing,
428
1192114
3048
Ili bismo mogli da ne uradimo ništa,
20:07
hide in our gated communities
429
1195162
2081
da se sakrijemo u svojim
ograđenim zajednicama
ograđenim zajednicama
20:09
and private schools,
430
1197243
2857
i privatnim školama,
20:12
enjoy our planes and yachts
431
1200100
2036
uživamo u svojim avionima i jahtama
20:14
— they're fun —
432
1202136
2340
- zabavne su -
20:16
and wait for the pitchforks.
433
1204476
1811
i da čekamo na vile.
20:18
Thank you.
434
1206287
1523
Hvala vam.
20:19
(Applause)
435
1207810
1647
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, authorNick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats.
Why you should listen
Nick Hanauer has founded, co-founded and funded more than 30 companies across a range of industries, with a pretty notable record of success. As a few highlights, he cofounded a company called aQuantive that sold to Microsoft for $6.4 billion, and was the first non-family investor in Amazon.
Meanwhile Hanauer, a “proud and unapologetic capitalist,” has also been looking closely at society’s growing inequality gap, and the consequences it holds for our shared destiny — and the ultimate fate of our democracies. In 2007, he and civic activist Eric Liu co-wrote the book The True Patriot, an examination of progressive patriotism. This was followed by 2011’s The Gardens of Democracy, also with Liu, a vision for “growing” good citizens.
In 2013, Hanauer published a commentary in Bloomberg BusinessWeek proposing a $15 minimum wage (a suggestion that Seattle acted on this year). Early in 2014, he and Eric Beinhocker published "Capitalism, Redefined." In the summer of 2014, Hanauer published a much-shared essay in Politico that suggests, if societal inequality is allowed to grow unchecked, modern societies could start looking an awful lot like pre-Revolutionary France.
He is working on a new book, due out in 2015.
Nick Hanauer | Speaker | TED.com