TEDSalon NY2014
Nick Hanauer: Beware, fellow plutocrats, the pitchforks are coming
尼克•汉诺尔: 注意了，富豪伙伴们，干草叉正向我们袭来 | 尼克•汉诺尔 | TEDSalon NY2014
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尼克•汉诺尔是个有钱人，一个顽固不化的资本家——他有些话要告诉他的富豪伙伴们：警醒吧！越来越严重的不平等将把我们的社会推向法国大革命前的状况。让我们一起聆听，尼克是如何据理力争，大幅度提高最低薪资标准为何会推动中产阶级发展，会促进经济繁荣… 也会阻止一场革命。
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, author
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Nick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
You probably don't know me,
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你也许不知道我是谁，
00:15
but I am one of those .01 percenters
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我是你经常听到或读到的
00:19
that you hear about and read about,
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那前1%的高收入者，
00:20
and I am by any reasonable definition a plutocrat.
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所以我是一个铁定的富豪。
00:25
And tonight, what I would like to do is speak directly
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今晚，我要做的是
00:28
to other plutocrats, to my people,
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跟其他富豪、我的伙伴们谈一谈，
00:30
because it feels like it's time for us all
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因为我感觉现在是时候
00:33
to have a chat.
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进行这场谈话了。
00:35
Like most plutocrats, I too am a proud
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身为一名坚定不移的资本主义者，
00:37
and unapologetic capitalist.
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跟大多富豪一样，我也为之感到自豪。
00:40
I have founded, cofounded or funded
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我已在诸多行业
00:43
over 30 companies across a range of industries.
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单独或共同创立、投资了
30多家公司。
30多家公司。
00:47
I was the first non-family investor in Amazon.com.
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我是Amazon.com的
第一位非家族成员投资者。
第一位非家族成员投资者。
00:50
I cofounded a company called aQuantive
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我与他人合伙创立了
一家名为aQuantive的公司，
一家名为aQuantive的公司，
00:53
that we sold to Microsoft for 6.4 billion dollars.
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以64亿美金高价出售给微软公司。
00:57
My friends and I, we own a bank.
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我与几个朋友拥有一家银行。
01:00
I tell you this — (Laughter) —
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我告诉你们这些——（笑声）——
01:02
unbelievable, right?
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听起来难以置信，是吧？
01:04
I tell you this to show
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我说这些是想告诉你们
01:07
that my life is like most plutocrats.
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我的生活跟大多富豪一样。
01:10
I have a broad perspective on capitalism
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我在商务和资本上
01:13
and business,
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视野开阔，运筹帷幄，
01:15
and I have been rewarded obscenely for that
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丰硕的回报让我过上了一种
01:19
with a life that most of you all
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你们无法想像
01:21
can't even imagine:
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的生活：
01:23
multiple homes, a yacht, my own plane,
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诸多房产，一辆游艇，私人飞机，
01:26
etc., etc., etc.
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等等等等。
01:30
But let's be honest: I am not the
smartest person you've ever met.
smartest person you've ever met.
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但实话实说：我并不是你们
遇到过的最聪明的人，
遇到过的最聪明的人，
01:33
I am certainly not the hardest working.
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也肯定不是工作最努力的，
01:35
I was a mediocre student.
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在学生时代我位于中游，
01:37
I'm not technical at all.
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我根本不懂技术，
01:39
I can't write a word of code.
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我甚至码不出一行代码。
01:41
Truly, my success is the consequence
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说实话，我的成功源自
01:44
of spectacular luck,
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极佳的运气、
01:47
of birth, of circumstance and of timing.
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出身、境遇和时机。
01:52
But I am actually pretty good at a couple of things.
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但有些事情我确实非常在行。
01:56
One, I have an unusually high tolerance for risk,
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其一，我对风险有异常高的承受力，
02:01
and the other is I have a good sense,
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另外，我有很好的直觉，
02:03
a good intuition about what will happen in the future,
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良好的直觉告诉我未来会发生什么，
02:06
and I think that that intuition about the future
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我认为这种对未来的直觉
02:09
is the essence of good entrepreneurship.
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对优秀的企业家而言是必不可少的。
02:13
So what do I see in our future today,
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你会问，
02:15
you ask?
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如今我预测未来会发生什么？
02:17
I see pitchforks,
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我看到干草叉，
02:19
as in angry mobs with pitchforks,
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愤怒的暴民手中的干草叉，
02:24
because while people like us plutocrats
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因为当我们这样的富豪
02:29
are living beyond the dreams of avarice,
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已不再视攫取钱财为梦想时，
02:32
the other 99 percent of our fellow citizens
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另外99%的普通国民
02:35
are falling farther and farther behind.
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却远远地落在我们身后。
02:38
In 1980, the top one percent of Americans
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在1980年，前1%高收入者的收入
02:41
shared about eight percent of national [income],
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占全美总收入的8%，
02:43
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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而底层的50%美国人的收入
02:46
shared 18 percent.
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占18%。
02:48
Thirty years later, today, the top one percent
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30年后的今天，前1%高收入者的收入
02:52
shares over 20 percent of national [income],
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占全美总收入的20%，
02:55
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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而底层的50%美国人的收入
02:57
share 12 or 13.
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占12%到13%。
03:00
If the trend continues,
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如果这个趋势持续下去，
03:03
the top one percent will share
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前1%的高收入者的收入
03:04
over 30 percent of national [income]
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在30年内
03:06
in another 30 years,
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将超过全美总收入的30%，
03:08
while the bottom 50 percent of Americans
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而底层的50%的美国人的收入
03:10
will share just six.
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只占到6%。
03:12
You see, the problem isn't that we have
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你们看，问题不在于社会
03:14
some inequality.
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存在一定的不平等。
03:16
Some inequality is necessary
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一定的不平等对于资本主义民主的
03:19
for a high-functioning capitalist democracy.
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高速运作是必不可少的。
03:22
The problem is that inequality
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问题在于今天的不平等程度
03:24
is at historic highs today
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已达历史峰值，
03:27
and it's getting worse every day.
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而且日益严重。
03:30
And if wealth, power, and income
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如果财富、权力和收入
03:33
continue to concentrate
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持续集中
03:35
at the very tippy top,
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在极少数人手里，
03:37
our society will change
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我们的社会就会从
03:39
from a capitalist democracy
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资本主义民主转变为
03:41
to a neo-feudalist rentier society
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18世纪法国那样的
03:45
like 18th-century France.
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新封建食利者社会。
03:47
That was France
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那是法国
03:50
before the revolution
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在大革命之前
03:51
and the mobs with the pitchforks.
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还有手持干草叉的暴民。
03:53
So I have a message for my fellow plutocrats
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因此我有些话要对我的富豪伙伴们说，
03:56
and zillionaires
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要对那些亿万富翁
03:58
and for anyone who lives
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和生活在
03:59
in a gated bubble world:
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“封闭的泡沫世界”的人说：
04:02
Wake up.
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警醒吧。
04:03
Wake up. It cannot last.
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警醒吧。这是无法持续的。
04:07
Because if we do not do something
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如果我们无所作为，
04:09
to fix the glaring economic inequities in our society,
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放任社会里这些极端的经济不平等，
04:13
the pitchforks will come for us,
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干草叉就会向我们袭来，
04:16
for no free and open society can long sustain
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任何一个自由开放的社会都无法长期承受
04:20
this kind of rising economic inequality.
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这种持续恶化的不平等。
04:23
It has never happened. There are no examples.
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从没发生过。没有先例。
04:26
You show me a highly unequal society,
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你若能举出一个极端不平等的社会的例子，
04:27
and I will show you a police state
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我会告诉你要么那是一个极权国家，
04:29
or an uprising.
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要么起义就要爆发了。
04:31
The pitchforks will come for us
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如果我们不解决这个问题，
04:33
if we do not address this.
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干草叉就会向我们袭来。
04:35
It's not a matter of if, it's when.
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这不是是否会发生的问题，而是什么时候发生的问题。
04:39
And it will be terrible when they come
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若问题终将来临，
04:42
for everyone,
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对所有人，
04:44
but particularly for people like us plutocrats.
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尤其是对我们富豪，都是很可怕的。
04:49
I know I must sound like some liberal do-gooder.
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我知道我听起来像极了空想的社会改良家。
04:52
I'm not. I'm not making a moral argument
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我不是。我不是从道义上论说
04:54
that economic inequality is wrong.
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经济不平等是错误的。
04:58
What I am arguing is that rising economic inequality
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我所论说的是，日益严重的经济不平等
05:02
is stupid and ultimately self-defeating.
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是愚蠢的，是自掘坟墓。
05:05
Rising inequality doesn't just increase our risks
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日趋严重的不平等
05:09
from pitchforks,
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不只增加我们受干草叉袭击的风险，
05:11
but it's also terrible for business too.
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对商业而言也是可怕的。
05:15
So the model for us rich guys should be Henry Ford.
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我们这些富人的榜样是亨利•福特。
05:19
When Ford famously introduced the $5 day,
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福特引入时薪$5的举措广为人知，
05:23
which was twice the prevailing wage at the time,
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时薪$5是当时通用标准的两倍，
05:26
he didn't just increase the productivity
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这不仅提升了
05:28
of his factories,
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福特工厂的生产力，
05:30
he converted exploited autoworkers who were poor
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他使得被剥削的贫困的汽车工人，
05:33
into a thriving middle class who could now afford
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成为蒸蒸日上的中产阶级，
05:36
to buy the products that they made.
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有能力购买自家产品。
05:39
Ford intuited what we now know is true,
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福特的直觉在今天被证明是正确的，
05:43
that an economy is best understood as an ecosystem
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即把经济理解为生态系统，
05:47
and characterized by the same kinds
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在自然的经济系统中，
05:49
of feedback loops you find
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经济也具有
05:52
in a natural ecosystem,
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反馈回路的特性，
05:54
a feedback loop between customers and businesses.
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一种由消费者和企业形成的反馈回路。
05:58
Raising wages increases demand,
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提高工人薪水将增加社会需求，
06:01
which increases hiring,
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会促进雇佣，
06:03
which in turn increases wages
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进而增加薪水、
06:05
and demand and profits,
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社会需求和企业利润。
06:07
and that virtuous cycle of increasing prosperity
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这种促进繁荣的良性循环
06:12
is precisely what is missing
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正是当今经济复苏
06:14
from today's economic recovery.
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过程中缺乏的。
06:19
And this is why we need to put behind us
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这就是为何我们要摒弃
06:24
the trickle-down policies that so dominate
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两党都全力支持的政策——
06:28
both political parties
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涓流经济政策
06:30
and embrace something I call middle-out economics.
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而要信奉被我称为“中产辐射”的经济。
06:33
Middle-out economics rejects
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中产辐射经济
06:35
the neoclassical economic idea
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颠覆了新古典主义经济学思想
06:38
that economies are efficient, linear, mechanistic,
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后者认为经济是有效率的、线性的、机械的，
06:42
that they tend towards equilibrium and fairness,
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且经济趋向于平衡和平等，
06:45
and instead embraces the 21st-century idea
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而中产辐射经济拥护二十一世纪的观点，
06:49
that economies are complex, adaptive,
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即经济是复杂的，适应性的
06:52
ecosystemic,
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生态的经济系统，
06:54
that they tend away from
equilibrium and toward inequality,
equilibrium and toward inequality,
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它们偏离平衡，趋向不平等，
06:58
that they're not efficient at all
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根本就没有效率，
06:59
but are effective if well managed.
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但如果管控得好，经济是可以有效的。
07:03
This 21st-century perspective
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二十一世纪的观点让你清楚地看到，
07:06
allows you to clearly see that capitalism
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资本主义的运作，
07:09
does not work by [efficiently] allocating
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不是通过有效地分配
07:12
existing resources.
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现有资源。
07:14
It works by [efficiently] creating new solutions
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而是通过有效地为
07:20
to human problems.
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人类面临的问题创造新解决方案。
07:22
The genius of capitalism
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资本主义的智慧在于，
07:24
is that it is an evolutionary solution-finding system.
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它是一个不断发展的“寻求解决方案”的系统。
07:29
It rewards people for solving
other people's problems.
other people's problems.
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它会回报那些解决他人问题的人。
07:35
The difference between a poor society
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落后的社会和
07:38
and a rich society, obviously,
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先进的社会的区别，很明显，
07:40
is the degree to which that society
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在于该社会创造
07:43
has generated solutions in the form
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解决方案的程度有多深，
07:45
of products for its citizens.
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让民众受恩受惠。
07:48
The sum of the solutions
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解决方案汇聚成丰硕果实，
07:49
that we have in our society
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促进社会繁荣，
07:51
really is our prosperity, and this explains
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这也就说明了为何
07:54
why companies like Google and Amazon
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像谷歌、亚马逊、
07:56
and Microsoft and Apple
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微软、苹果
07:58
and the entrepreneurs who created those companies
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以及创立这些公司的企业家们
08:01
have contributed so much
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为我们国家的繁荣昌盛
08:05
to our nation's prosperity.
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做出了巨大的贡献。
08:08
This 21st-century perspective
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二十一世纪的观点
08:10
also makes clear
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也明确表明，
08:13
that what we think of as economic growth
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经济发展速度
08:15
is best understood as
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应理解为
08:17
the rate at which we solve problems.
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解决问题的速度。
08:20
But that rate is totally dependent upon
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但这个速度完全由这两方面决定：
08:23
how many problem solvers —
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其一，我们有多少问题解决者——
08:27
diverse, able problem solvers — we have,
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多样的、有能力的解决者；
08:29
and thus how many of our fellow citizens
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其二，有多少民众
08:32
actively participate,
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积极参与，
08:34
both as entrepreneurs who can offer solutions,
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包括提供解决方案的企业家，
08:38
and as customers who consume them.
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以及购买产品的消费者。
08:42
But this maximizing participation thing
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但参与的最大程度
08:46
doesn't happen by accident.
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不会出于偶然，
08:47
It doesn't happen by itself.
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不会自己增加。
08:49
It requires effort and investment,
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这需要努力与投资，
08:53
which is why all
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这就是为什么
08:56
highly prosperous capitalist democracies
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所有高度繁荣的资本主义民主
08:59
are characterized by massive investments
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都以发展中产阶级为特点，
09:01
in the middle class and the infrastructure
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并给予中产阶级
09:04
that they depend on.
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有依靠的基础设施。
09:07
We plutocrats need to get this
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我们富豪应该
09:09
trickle-down economics thing behind us,
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摒弃涓流经济——
09:12
this idea that the better we do,
189
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我们一小部分人越富有，
09:14
the better everyone else will do.
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其他所有人也都会富有。
09:16
It's not true. How could it be?
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这个观念是不对的。怎么可能是对的呢？
09:20
I earn 1,000 times the median wage,
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我的收入是中产阶级的1000倍，
09:24
but I do not buy 1,000 times as much stuff,
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2925
但我不会比他们多买1000倍的东西，
09:27
do I?
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我会吗？
09:28
I actually bought two pairs of these pants,
195
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3188
事实上我买了两条这样的裤子，
09:32
what my partner Mike calls
196
560176
1934
我的合作伙伴麦克戏称
09:34
my manager pants.
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1515
那是“老板裤”。
09:35
I could have bought 2,000 pairs,
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我可以买2000条，
09:38
but what would I do with them? (Laughter)
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但买来干嘛呢？（笑声）
09:41
How many haircuts can I get?
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我理多少次发？
09:44
How often can I go out to dinner?
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我能下多少次馆子？
09:48
No matter how wealthy a few plutocrats get,
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无论这小部分富豪多么富有，
09:52
we can never drive a great national economy.
203
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我们永远不会大幅度推进全国经济。
09:55
Only a thriving middle class can do that.
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只有不断壮大的中产阶级才能实现这一愿景。
10:01
There's nothing to be done,
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现在什么都做不了，
10:03
my plutocrat friends might say.
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我的富豪伙伴们也许会这么说。
10:07
Henry Ford was in a different time.
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亨利•福特处在不同的时期，
10:10
Maybe we can't do some things.
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也许今天的我们做不了什么。
10:12
Maybe we can do some things.
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也许我们可以做些什么。
10:15
June 19, 2013,
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2013年6月19号，
10:19
Bloomberg published an article I wrote called
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Bloomberg刊登了一篇我写的文章，
10:23
"The Capitalist’s Case for a $15 Minimum Wage."
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《时薪$15的资本实例》
10:28
The good people at Forbes magazine,
213
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福布斯杂志社的一些善良的人，
10:31
among my biggest admirers,
214
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2198
包括我的仰慕者，
10:33
called it "Nick Hanauer's near-insane proposal."
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称之为“尼克•汉诺尔的几近荒唐的提议。”
10:37
And yet, just 350 days
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3229
但是，就在我的文章
10:41
after that article was published,
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发表之后的350天，
10:43
Seattle's Mayor Ed Murray signed into law
218
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2949
西雅图市长艾德•默里签署了一项新法案，
10:46
an ordinance raising the minimum wage in Seattle
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提升西雅图市最低薪资标准，
10:50
to 15 dollars an hour,
220
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至时薪$15，
10:52
more than double
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达到联邦普遍的
10:53
what the prevailing federal $7.25 rate is.
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$7.25两倍以上。
10:58
How did this happen,
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这是如何发生的，
11:00
reasonable people might ask.
224
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正常的人会问。
11:02
It happened because a group of us
225
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原因是我们这一群人，
11:03
reminded the middle class
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1364
给他们提醒了
11:05
that they are the source
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1651
中产阶级才是
11:06
of growth and prosperity in capitalist economies.
228
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3666
资本主义经济繁荣发展的源泉。
11:10
We reminded them that when
workers have more money,
workers have more money,
229
658544
3566
我们提醒他们，当工人们腰包更鼓，
11:14
businesses have more customers,
230
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1712
商家就会有更多的客户，
11:15
and need more employees.
231
663822
1982
就需要雇佣更多的人。
11:17
We reminded them that when businesses
232
665804
2686
我们提醒他们，当雇主
11:20
pay workers a living wage,
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2720
为工人提供的工资足以生活，
11:23
taxpayers are relieved of the burden
234
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1892
纳税人就会卸下资助扶贫项目的重担，
11:25
of funding the poverty programs
235
673102
1710
而这些扶贫项目
11:26
like food stamps and medical assistance
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2902
包括食品救济券、医疗救助和
11:29
and rent assistance
237
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1710
房租津贴。
11:31
that those workers need.
238
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2396
正是那些工人需要的。
11:33
We reminded them that low-wage workers
239
681820
2964
我们提醒他们，工人的薪资过低
11:36
make terrible taxpayers,
240
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2326
会让纳税者难堪，
11:39
and that when you raise the minimum wage
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687110
2018
当你提升
11:41
for all businesses,
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2125
所有行业的最低薪资标准，
11:43
all businesses benefit
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1667
所有行业都会受惠，
11:44
yet all can compete.
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2731
同时保持竞争力。
11:47
Now the orthodox reaction, of course,
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1721
话已至此，通常的回应会是，当然，
11:49
is raising the minimum wage costs jobs. Right?
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3803
提高最低薪资标准会缩减工作岗位数量。对吗？
11:53
Your politician's always echoing
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2588
支持涓流经济思想的政客，
11:55
that trickle-down idea by saying things like,
248
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3092
总是这样回应
11:58
"Well, if you raise the price of employment,
249
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2093
“雇佣成本若升高，
12:00
guess what happens? You get less of it."
250
708948
2792
你猜会怎样？工作岗位会减少。”
12:03
Are you sure?
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2430
你确定吗？
12:06
Because there's some contravening evidence.
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3653
因为这里有截然相反的事实。
12:09
Since 1980, the wages of CEOs in our country
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4759
自1980年以来，我们国家CEO的薪资
12:14
have gone from about 30 times the median wage
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2268
从公司薪资中值的30倍左右
12:16
to 500 times.
255
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2272
上升到500倍。
12:19
That's raising the price of employment.
256
727122
3168
这显然是提升了雇佣成本。
12:22
And yet, to my knowledge,
257
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2972
而且，据我所知，
12:25
I have never seen a company
258
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2172
我从没见过一个公司
12:27
outsource its CEO's job, automate their job,
259
735434
3746
把CEO职位外包出去，或用
机器人取代劳动力，
机器人取代劳动力，
12:31
export the job to China.
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2087
或外包到中国。
12:33
In fact, we appear to be employing
261
741267
2026
事实上，我们前所未有地雇佣
12:35
more CEOs and senior managers than ever before.
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3222
更多的CEO和高管。
12:38
So too for technology workers
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746515
4190
科技工作者和
12:42
and financial services workers,
264
750705
1826
金融服务人员也是如此，
12:44
who earn multiples of the median wage
265
752531
2618
他们的薪资水平是中值的许多倍，
12:47
and yet we employ more and more of them,
266
755149
2005
但我们越来越多地雇佣他们，
12:49
so clearly you can raise the price of employment
267
757154
4896
因此，很显然，提高雇佣成本的同时
12:54
and get more of it.
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762050
2041
增加职位数量是可行的。
12:56
I know that most people
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2584
我知道大多数人认为
12:58
think that the $15 minimum wage
270
766675
1722
$15的最低薪资
13:00
is this insane, risky economic experiment.
271
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3915
是荒唐的，是有风险的经济试验。
13:04
We disagree.
272
772312
1898
我们不同意。
13:06
We believe that the $15 minimum wage
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2474
我们相信
13:08
in Seattle
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776684
1266
西雅图$15的最低薪资
13:09
is actually the continuation
275
777950
1853
实际上是
13:11
of a logical economic policy.
276
779803
2708
合理经济政策的续篇。
13:14
It is allowing our city
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782511
1960
这让我们的城市
13:16
to kick your city's ass.
278
784471
2735
促动你们的城市。
13:19
Because, you see,
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787206
1759
因为，你们也看到了，
13:20
Washington state already has
280
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1712
华盛顿州的
13:22
the highest minimum wage
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1493
最低薪资标准
13:24
of any state in the nation.
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792170
1699
在全美所有州中是最高的。
13:25
We pay all workers $9.32,
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2261
所有工人（平均）时薪是$9.32，
13:28
which is almost 30 percent more
284
796130
1843
几乎比联邦要求的
13:29
than the federal minimum of 7.25,
285
797973
2558
最低薪资$7.25高出30%，
13:32
but crucially, 427 percent more
286
800531
3953
更关键的是，它要比联邦要求的
13:36
than the federal tipped minimum of 2.13.
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804484
3586
服务员$2.13的最低薪资标准高出427%。
13:40
If trickle-down thinkers were right,
288
808070
2616
如果涓流经济的观点是正确的，
13:42
then Washington state should
have massive unemployment.
have massive unemployment.
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810686
3112
华盛顿州会有极高的失业率，
13:45
Seattle should be sliding into the ocean.
290
813798
2680
西雅图应该“跌入海底”了。
13:48
And yet, Seattle
291
816478
3023
但是，西雅图
13:51
is the fastest-growing big city in the country.
292
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3898
是全美发展最快的大城市。
13:55
Washington state is generating small business jobs
293
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4117
华盛顿州创造小型企业就业机会
13:59
at a higher rate than any other major state
294
827516
2621
的速度高于
14:02
in the nation.
295
830137
1856
全美任何州。
14:03
The restaurant business in Seattle? Booming.
296
831993
3904
西雅图餐饮行业？高速发展着。
14:07
Why? Because the fundamental law of capitalism is,
297
835897
4388
为什么？因为资本主义运作最基本的法则是，
14:12
when workers have more money,
298
840285
1615
当工人有更多的钱，
14:13
businesses have more customers
299
841900
1526
商家就会有更多的客户，
14:15
and need more workers.
300
843426
2257
需要更多的工人。
14:17
When restaurants pay restaurant workers enough
301
845683
3151
当餐馆为其员工支付的酬劳足够多，
14:20
so that even they can afford to eat in restaurants,
302
848834
3622
多到甚至他们都可以有钱在餐馆吃饭，
14:24
that's not bad for the restaurant business.
303
852456
2665
这对于餐饮业来说不是坏事，
14:27
That's good for it,
304
855121
1699
是好事，
14:28
despite what some restaurateurs may tell you.
305
856820
4579
即便某些餐馆店主也许不会这么说。
14:33
Is it more complicated than I'm making out?
306
861399
2058
现实是不是要比我描述的复杂得多？
14:35
Of course it is.
307
863457
997
当然是的。
14:36
There are a lot of dynamics at play.
308
864454
1868
现实的不确定性因素太多了。
14:38
But can we please stop insisting
309
866322
2242
但能不能请我们不要再坚持这样的观点——
14:40
that if low-wage workers earn a little bit more,
310
868564
2801
如果低薪工人赚得多一点点，
14:43
unemployment will skyrocket
311
871365
1508
失业率就会井喷，
14:44
and the economy will collapse?
312
872873
1328
经济就会崩盘。
14:46
There is no evidence for it.
313
874201
2609
没有证据支持这个观点。
14:48
The most insidious thing
314
876810
1231
涓流经济
14:50
about trickle-down economics
315
878041
1847
最荒唐的地方，
14:51
is not the claim that if the rich get richer,
316
879888
2302
不在于它声称富人更富，
14:54
everyone is better off.
317
882190
1537
所有人都会更富，
14:55
It is the claim made by those who oppose
318
883727
3061
而在于那些反对
14:58
any increase in the minimum wage
319
886788
1902
提高最低薪资标准的人们的观点——
15:00
that if the poor get richer,
320
888690
1855
穷人有钱了，
15:02
that will be bad for the economy.
321
890545
2217
会对经济发展有负面影响。
15:04
This is nonsense.
322
892762
1980
这根本没有道理。
15:06
So can we please dispense with this rhetoric
323
894742
3865
能不能请我们摒弃这种说辞——
15:10
that says that rich guys like me
324
898607
2343
像我这样富有的家伙
15:12
and my plutocrat friends
325
900950
2854
和我的富豪伙伴们成就了
15:15
made our country?
326
903804
2573
我们国家的繁荣？
15:18
We plutocrats know,
327
906377
2075
我们富豪都知道，
15:20
even if we don't like to admit it in public,
328
908452
1624
即便我们不喜欢在公众面前承认，
15:22
that if we had been born somewhere else,
329
910076
2669
如果我们生在别处，
15:24
not here in the United States,
330
912745
1897
不是在美国，
15:26
we might very well be just some dude standing barefoot
331
914642
2860
我们很有可能是一位光脚站在
15:29
by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
332
917502
3150
肮脏的路边卖水果的家伙。
15:32
It's not that they don't have good
entrepreneurs in other places,
entrepreneurs in other places,
333
920652
2531
其他地方并不是没有优秀的企业家，
15:35
even very, very poor places.
334
923183
2025
即便是极为贫寒的地方，
15:37
It's just that that's all
335
925208
1552
只不过是那里的企业家面临的
15:38
that those entrepreneurs' customers can afford.
336
926760
4536
消费者购买力太过有限。
15:43
So here's an idea for a new kind of economics,
337
931296
4599
因此，我有一个全新的经济学观点，
15:47
a new kind of politics
338
935895
1547
一种全新的政治思想，
15:49
that I call new capitalism.
339
937442
2887
我称之为新资本主义。
15:52
Let's acknowledge that capitalism
340
940329
2472
我们先承认资本主义
15:54
beats the alternatives,
341
942801
1797
要比其他社会制度更为优越，
15:56
but also that the more people we include,
342
944598
3997
而且包括企业家和消费者在内的
16:00
both as entrepreneurs and as customers,
343
948595
3524
越多的人参与到这其中来，
16:04
the better it works.
344
952119
2160
资本主义的运作会更为有效。
16:06
Let's by all means shrink the size of government,
345
954279
3786
让我们尽一切办法缩减政府的规模，
16:10
but not by slashing the poverty programs,
346
958065
2719
不是通过削减扶贫项目，
16:12
but by ensuring that workers are paid enough
347
960784
2017
而是通过确保工人获得足够的薪水，
16:14
so that they actually don't need those programs.
348
962801
3322
让他们无须依赖这些政府项目。
16:18
Let's invest enough in the middle class
349
966123
2917
让我们大力投资中产阶级，
16:21
to make our economy fairer and more inclusive,
350
969040
3193
让经济社会更加公平，更加海纳百川，
16:24
and by fairer, more truly competitive,
351
972233
3934
通过更加平等而真实的竞争，
16:28
and by more truly competitive,
352
976167
1762
通过真正的竞争，
16:29
more able to generate the solutions
353
977929
2816
来更有能力地成形
16:32
to human problems
354
980745
1472
解决社会问题的方案
16:34
that are the true drivers of growth and prosperity.
355
982217
5630
而这些解决方案才是社会繁荣的真正推动者。
16:39
Capitalism is the greatest social technology
356
987847
3273
资本主义是人类社会科学
16:43
ever invented
357
991120
1469
最伟大的发明，
16:44
for creating prosperity in human societies,
358
992589
2862
只要管理得当，
16:47
if it is well managed,
359
995451
1734
它会为人类社会创造繁荣，
16:49
but capitalism, because of the fundamental
360
997185
3171
但资本主义基于
16:52
multiplicative dynamics of complex systems,
361
1000356
2765
制度复杂的多种的运作机制上，
16:55
tends towards, inexorably, inequality,
362
1003121
3528
资本主义势必会趋于不平等，
16:58
concentration and collapse.
363
1006649
4421
财富的过度集中，以及经济崩溃。
17:03
The work of democracies
364
1011070
2448
所谓民主，
17:05
is to maximize the inclusion of the many
365
1013518
4503
是为创造繁荣，需最大限度地海纳百川，
17:10
in order to create prosperity,
366
1018021
2977
而不是让财富聚集在少数人手里。
17:12
not to enable the few to accumulate money.
367
1020998
3922
政府应营造企业家和消费者
共同发展的社会环境，
共同发展的社会环境，
17:16
Government does create prosperity and growth,
368
1024920
3100
来促进繁荣并推动发展。
17:20
by creating the conditions that allow
369
1028020
3226
来创造一种现状能够
17:23
both entrepreneurs and their customers
370
1031246
2891
使我这样的资本家和工人
17:26
to thrive.
371
1034137
1845
都能发迹。
17:27
Balancing the power of capitalists like me
372
1035982
3184
平衡像我这样的资本家
17:31
and workers isn't bad for capitalism.
373
1039166
3172
和工人之间的权力对资本主义来说
并不是坏事。
并不是坏事。
17:34
It's essential to it.
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而是必要的。
17:36
Programs like a reasonable minimum wage,
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如合理的最低薪资标准，
17:38
affordable healthcare,
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2014
担负得起的医疗服务，
17:40
paid sick leave,
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带薪的病假，
17:42
and the progressive taxation necessary
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以及为重要基础设施建设、
中产阶级的教育和研发
中产阶级的教育和研发
17:45
to pay for the important infrastructure
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提供必要支持的累进税制，
17:47
necessary for the middle class like education, R and D,
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这些政府项目都是必不可少的，
而教育R和D项目
而教育R和D项目
17:51
these are indispensable tools
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都是精明的资本家
手里的必不可少的工具，
17:54
shrewd capitalists should embrace
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用来推动利润增长，
17:56
to drive growth, because no one benefits from it
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正是我们从中受惠，而不是其它人。
18:00
like us.
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18:02
Many economists would have you believe
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许多经济学家会说服你，
18:04
that their field is an objective science.
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让你相信经济领域是客观的。
18:07
I disagree, and I think that it is equally
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我不同意，我认为它也是
18:10
a tool that humans use
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人们使用的工具，
18:12
to enforce and encode
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用来施加
18:14
our social and moral preferences and prejudices
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基于地位和权力上的
18:17
about status and power,
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社会和道德的喜好与偏见。
18:21
which is why plutocrats like me
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这就是为什么一些像我这样的富豪
18:23
have always needed to find persuasive stories
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总在编一些故事，
18:27
to tell everyone else
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试图说服所有人，
18:29
about why our relative positions
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为什么我们高高在上的地位不可撼动，
18:33
are morally righteous and good for everyone:
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且所有人都会因之受益：
18:37
like, we are indispensable, the job creators,
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4275
比如，我们这些雇主是不可缺少的，
是创造工作机会的，
是创造工作机会的，
18:42
and you are not;
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而你们，可有可无；
18:44
like, tax cuts for us create growth,
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比如，减免我们的赋税有利于经济增长，
18:47
but investments in you
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而对你们的投资
18:49
will balloon our debt
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会让负债激增，
18:51
and bankrupt our great country;
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会让我们伟大的国家崩盘；
18:54
that we matter;
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比如，我们才是重要的，
18:55
that you don't.
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而你们不是。
18:58
For thousands of years, these stories were called
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几千年来，这些故事被称作
19:00
divine right.
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1448
“神权说”。
19:02
Today, we have trickle-down economics.
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今天，我们将它称作涓流经济。
19:06
How obviously, transparently self-serving
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显而易见，
19:10
all of this is.
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这一切的说辞都是自私自利。
19:12
We plutocrats need to see
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我们富豪应该意识到，
19:14
that the United States of America made us,
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是美国塑造了我们，
19:17
not the other way around;
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而不是我们塑造了美国；
19:18
that a thriving middle class is the source
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富足的中产阶级是
19:21
of prosperity in capitalist economies,
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资本主义经济繁荣的源泉，
19:24
not a consequence of it.
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而不是经济繁荣的结果。
19:26
And we should never forget
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而且，我们永远都不应忘记，
19:29
that even the best of us in
the worst of circumstances
the worst of circumstances
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3695
即便我们再优秀，若经济环境恶劣，
19:33
are barefoot by the side of a dirt road selling fruit.
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我们会光着脚在肮脏的路边卖水果。
19:38
Fellow plutocrats, I think it may be time for us
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富豪伙伴们，我想是我们
19:41
to recommit to our country,
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2203
回馈社会的时候了，
19:43
to commit to a new kind of capitalism
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2562
应致力于新型的资本主义，
19:46
which is both more inclusive and more effective,
422
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4354
这种资本主义海纳百川，且更为有效，
19:50
a capitalism that will ensure
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2058
是一种会保证
19:52
that America's economy remains
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美国经济依旧是
19:55
the most dynamic and prosperous in the world.
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世界上最具活力、最繁荣的经济，
19:59
Let's secure the future for ourselves,
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让我们为我们自己
20:01
our children and their children.
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和子孙后代营造未来。
20:04
Or alternatively, we could do nothing,
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或者，我们也可以无所作为，
20:07
hide in our gated communities
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藏匿于封闭的社区
20:09
and private schools,
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和私立学校，
20:12
enjoy our planes and yachts
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在私人飞机和游艇里寻欢作乐
20:14
— they're fun —
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——是很有趣——
20:16
and wait for the pitchforks.
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并等待干草叉袭来。
20:18
Thank you.
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谢谢。
20:19
(Applause)
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（掌声）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nick Hanauer - Venture capitalist, authorNick Hanauer has become an important voice in the raging debate on inequality — and his provocative argument is aimed at his fellow plutocrats.
Why you should listen
Nick Hanauer has founded, co-founded and funded more than 30 companies across a range of industries, with a pretty notable record of success. As a few highlights, he cofounded a company called aQuantive that sold to Microsoft for $6.4 billion, and was the first non-family investor in Amazon.
Meanwhile Hanauer, a “proud and unapologetic capitalist,” has also been looking closely at society’s growing inequality gap, and the consequences it holds for our shared destiny — and the ultimate fate of our democracies. In 2007, he and civic activist Eric Liu co-wrote the book The True Patriot, an examination of progressive patriotism. This was followed by 2011’s The Gardens of Democracy, also with Liu, a vision for “growing” good citizens.
In 2013, Hanauer published a commentary in Bloomberg BusinessWeek proposing a $15 minimum wage (a suggestion that Seattle acted on this year). Early in 2014, he and Eric Beinhocker published "Capitalism, Redefined." In the summer of 2014, Hanauer published a much-shared essay in Politico that suggests, if societal inequality is allowed to grow unchecked, modern societies could start looking an awful lot like pre-Revolutionary France.
He is working on a new book, due out in 2015.
Nick Hanauer | Speaker | TED.com