TEDxRiodelaPlata
Romina Libster: The power of herd immunity
Romina Libster: Moć kolektivnog imuniteta
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Kako nam pomažu vakcine u sprečavanju bolesti, uključujući i one koji se još uvek nisu vakcinisali? To je koncept koji se zove "kolektivni imunitet", to jest masovna vakcinacija unutar jedne zajednice, zahvaljujući kojoj se prekida lanac zaraze. Specijalista medicine, Romina Libster, nam pokazuje kako je kolektivni imunitet sprečio epidemiju smrti od virusa H1N1 u njenom rodnom gradu.
Romina Libster - Medical researcher
Dr. Romina Libster investigates influenza and other respiratory viruses, searching for ways to most effectively keep viruses from spreading. Full bio
Dr. Romina Libster investigates influenza and other respiratory viruses, searching for ways to most effectively keep viruses from spreading. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
One of the first patients
I had to see as a pediatrician was Sol,
I had to see as a pediatrician was Sol,
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Jedan od prvih pacijenata
koje sam imala kao pedijatar bila je Sol,
koje sam imala kao pedijatar bila je Sol,
prelepa beba od mesec dana,
00:17
a beautiful month-old baby
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00:20
who was admitted with signs
of a severe respiratory infection.
of a severe respiratory infection.
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koja je došla u ordinaciju sa simptomima
ozbiljne respiratorne infekcije.
ozbiljne respiratorne infekcije.
Nikada do tad nisam videla pacijenta
00:23
Until then, I had never seen
a patient worsen so fast.
a patient worsen so fast.
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čije se stanje tako brzo pogoršava.
Za samo dva dana
priključili smo je na respirator,
priključili smo je na respirator,
00:28
In just two days
she was connected to a respirator
she was connected to a respirator
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a trećega dana je preminula.
00:31
and on the third day she died.
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Sol je imala veliki kašalj.
00:34
Sol had whooping cough.
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Nakon diskusije o slučaju, u ordinaciji
00:37
After discussing the case in the room
and after a quite distressing catharsis,
and after a quite distressing catharsis,
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i nakon izuzetno tegobne katarze,
sećam se da mi je šef sale rekao:
00:42
I remember my chief resident said to me,
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"U redu, diši duboko, umij se
00:44
"Okay, take a deep breath. Wash your face.
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jer sad nam sledi najteži deo,
00:48
And now comes the hardest part:
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moramo da razgovaramo s roditeljima."
00:51
We have to go talk to her parents."
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U tom momentu na hiljade pitanja
vam prođe kroz glavu.
vam prođe kroz glavu.
00:54
At that time, a thousand questions
came to mind,
came to mind,
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Od pitanja: zašto je jednomesečna beba
00:58
from, "How could a one-month-old
baby be so unfortunate?"
baby be so unfortunate?"
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bila tako loše sreće,
do pitanja: da li smo mogli
nekako da to izbegnemo.
nekako da to izbegnemo.
01:03
to, "Could we have done
something about it?"
something about it?"
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Pre vakcina,
01:07
Before vaccines existed,
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razne zarazne bolesti
01:09
many infectious diseases
killed millions of people per year.
killed millions of people per year.
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su ubijale milione ljudi godišnje.
01:15
During the 1918 flu pandemic
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Tokom pandemije gripa 1918. godine
umrlo je 50 miliona ljudi.
01:18
50 million people died.
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To je više ljudi
nego što ih ima današnja Argentina.
nego što ih ima današnja Argentina.
01:21
That's greater than Argentina's
current population.
current population.
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Možda se malo stariji među vama
01:25
Perhaps, the older ones among you
remember the polio epidemic
remember the polio epidemic
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sećaju epidemije dečje paralize
koja je izbila u Argentini 1956. godine.
01:29
that occurred in Argentina in 1956.
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01:32
At that time, there was no vaccine
available against polio.
available against polio.
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Tada nije bilo dostupnih vakcina
za dečju paralizu.
za dečju paralizu.
Ljudi nisu znali šta da rade.
01:35
People didn't know what to do.
They were going crazy.
They were going crazy.
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Bili su kao ludi.
Izlazili su na ulice i krečili drveće.
01:38
They would go painting trees
with caustic lime.
with caustic lime.
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Stavljali su deci u odeću
vrećice s kamforom
vrećice s kamforom
01:40
They'd put little bags of camphor
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01:41
in their children's underwear,
as if that could do something.
as if that could do something.
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kao da od toga ima neke koristi.
Tokom epidemije dečje paralize
umrlo je na hiljade ljudi.
umrlo je na hiljade ljudi.
01:46
During the polio epidemic,
thousands of people died.
thousands of people died.
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I hiljadama ljudi su ostale
ozbiljne neurološke posledice.
ozbiljne neurološke posledice.
01:50
And thousands of people were left
with very significant neurological damage.
with very significant neurological damage.
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Ja to znam jer sam čitala o tome,
01:56
I know this because I read about it,
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jer zahvaljujući vakcinama
01:59
because thanks to vaccines,
my generation was lucky
my generation was lucky
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moja generacija je imala sreće
da ne mora da proživljava
tako strašnu epidemiju.
tako strašnu epidemiju.
02:03
to not live through an epidemic
as terrible as this.
as terrible as this.
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Vakcine su jedno od najvećih dostignuća
02:05
Vaccines are one of the great successes
of the 20th century's public health.
of the 20th century's public health.
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javnog zdravlja u XX veku.
02:11
After potable water,
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Odmah nakon pijaće vode,
to je intervencija koja je najviše
doprinela smanjenju smrtnosti,
doprinela smanjenju smrtnosti,
02:13
they are the interventions
that have most reduced mortality,
that have most reduced mortality,
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02:16
even more than antibiotics.
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čak i više od antibiotika.
Vakcine su uspešno iskorenile s planete
02:19
Vaccines eradicated terrible diseases
such as smallpox from the planet
such as smallpox from the planet
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bolest tako strašnu
kao što su velike boginje
kao što su velike boginje
i uspele su da značajno umanje smrtnost
02:24
and succeeded in significantly
reducing mortality
reducing mortality
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02:28
due to other diseases such as measles,
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od drugih bolesti, poput malih boginja,
velikog kašlja, dečje paralize
i mnogih drugih.
i mnogih drugih.
02:30
whooping cough, polio and many more.
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Sve ove bolesti spadaju u grupu bolesti
02:34
All these diseases are considered
vaccine-preventable diseases.
vaccine-preventable diseases.
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koje se zovu bolestima
koje se mogu sprečiti vakcinama.
koje se mogu sprečiti vakcinama.
Šta to znači?
02:41
What does this mean?
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02:43
That they are potentially preventable,
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Da se potencijalno mogu sprečiti,
ali da bismo u tome uspeli,
nešto moramo da preduzmemo.
nešto moramo da preduzmemo.
02:46
but in order to be so,
something must be done.
something must be done.
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Moramo da se vakcinišemo.
02:49
You need to get vaccinated.
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Pretpostavljam da je velika većina,
ako ne i svi mi ovde,
ako ne i svi mi ovde,
02:52
I imagine that most,
if not all of us here today,
if not all of us here today,
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primila bar jednom u životu neku vakcinu.
02:55
received a vaccine
at some point in our life.
at some point in our life.
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E sad, ne bih bila tako ubeđena
03:00
Now, I'm not so sure that many of us know
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da mnogi među nama znaju
koje su to vakcine, iliti imunizatori
koje su to vakcine, iliti imunizatori
03:04
which vaccines or boosters
we should receive after adolescence.
we should receive after adolescence.
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koje moramo da primimo
nakon adolescencije.
nakon adolescencije.
03:10
Have you ever wondered
who we are protecting
who we are protecting
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Jeste li se nekada zapitali koga štitimo
kada se vakcinišemo?
03:14
when we vaccinate?
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Šta hoću da kažem?
03:17
What do I mean by that?
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Da li su efekti vakcinacije veći
03:18
Is there any other effect
beyond protecting ourselves?
beyond protecting ourselves?
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od zaštite nas samih?
Dozvolite da vam nešto pokažem.
03:25
Let me show you something.
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Zamislite na trenutak
03:27
Imagine for a moment
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da se nalazimo u gradu
03:30
that we are in a city
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koji nikada nije imao iskustva
s određenom bolešću,
s određenom bolešću,
03:32
that has never had a case
of a particular disease,
of a particular disease,
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poput, na primer, malih boginja.
03:35
such as the measles.
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Šta želim da kažem?
03:37
This would mean that no one in the city
has ever had contact with the disease.
has ever had contact with the disease.
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U tom gradu niko nikada
nije dolazio u dodir s tom bolešću,
nije dolazio u dodir s tom bolešću,
to jest ne postoji prirodni imunitet,
03:42
No one has natural defenses against,
nor been vaccinated against measles.
nor been vaccinated against measles.
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niti je iko vakcinisan
protiv malih boginja.
protiv malih boginja.
Ako bi se jednoga dana,
u tom gradu pojavila osoba
u tom gradu pojavila osoba
03:47
If one day, a person sick with the measles
appears in this city
appears in this city
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koja boluje od malih boginja,
03:53
the disease won't find much resistance
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bolest ne bi naišla na dovoljan otpor
i počela bi da se prenosi
sa osobe na osobu,
sa osobe na osobu,
03:56
and will begin spreading
from person to person,
from person to person,
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i za kratko vreme zarazila bi
celokupnu zajednicu.
celokupnu zajednicu.
03:59
and in no time it will disseminate
throughout the community.
throughout the community.
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Za određeno vreme
04:03
After a certain time
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velika većina stanovništva
bila bi bolesna.
bila bi bolesna.
04:05
a big part of the population will be ill.
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To se dešavalo kada nije bilo vakcina.
04:09
This happened when there were no vaccines.
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04:14
Now, imagine the complete opposite case.
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A sada, zamislite potpuno suprotan slučaj.
04:19
We are in a city
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Nalazimo se u gradu
gde više od 90% stanovništva
04:21
where more than 90 percent
of the population
of the population
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ima izgrađen imunitet
protiv malih boginja.
protiv malih boginja.
04:24
has defenses against
the measles, which means
the measles, which means
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Što će reći da su preležali tu bolest
04:27
that they either had the disease,
survived, and developed natural defenses;
survived, and developed natural defenses;
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i da su stekli prirodni imunitet.
Preživeli su.
04:30
or that they had been
immunized against measles.
immunized against measles.
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Ili su primili vakcinu
protiv malih boginja.
protiv malih boginja.
I jednoga dana, u tom gradu se pojavi
04:35
If one day,
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04:36
a person sick with the measles
appears in this city,
appears in this city,
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osoba bolesna od malih boginja.
04:41
the disease will find much more resistance
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Bolest će da naiđe na mnogo veći otpor
i neće moći toliko
da se prenosi sa osobe na osobu.
da se prenosi sa osobe na osobu.
04:44
and won't be transmitted
that much from person to person.
that much from person to person.
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Širenje će, najverovatnije,
da bude obuzdano
da bude obuzdano
04:48
The spread will probably remain contained
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i neće doći do epidemije malih boginja.
04:52
and a measles outbreak won't happen.
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Želim da vam skrenem pažnju na nešto.
04:57
I would like you
to pay attention to something.
to pay attention to something.
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Vakcinisane osobe,
05:00
People who are vaccinated
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ne samo da štite same sebe,
05:03
are not only protecting themselves,
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već i sprečavaju širenje bolesti
05:06
but by blocking the dissemination
of the disease
of the disease
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unutar zajednice,
05:09
within the community,
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oni, indirektno, štite osobe iz zajednice
05:11
they are indirectly protecting
the people in this community
the people in this community
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koje nisu vakcinisane.
05:16
who are not vaccinated.
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Oni formiraju svojevrstan štit
05:18
They create a kind of protective shield
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koji nevakcinisane čuva
od kontakta s bolešću,
od kontakta s bolešću,
05:21
which prevents them from
coming in contact with the disease,
coming in contact with the disease,
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te oni ostaju zaštićeni.
05:24
so that these people are protected.
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05:28
This indirect protection
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Taj efekat indirektne zaštite
nevakcinisanih osoba unutar zajednice,
05:31
that the unvaccinated people
within a community receive
within a community receive
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samo zbog toga što su okruženi
vakcinisanim pojedincima,
vakcinisanim pojedincima,
05:35
simply by being surrounded
by vaccinated people,
by vaccinated people,
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se zove kolektivni imunitet.
05:39
is called herd immunity.
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Mnogi unutar zajednice
05:45
Many people in the community
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zavise, gotovo isključivo,
od kolektivnog imuniteta
od kolektivnog imuniteta
05:47
depend almost exclusively
on this herd immunity
on this herd immunity
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da bi se zaštitili od bolesti.
05:51
to be protected against disease.
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Ti ljudi nisu prosto hipoteze
u nekoj animaciji.
u nekoj animaciji.
05:54
The unvaccinated people you see
in infographics are not just hypothetical.
in infographics are not just hypothetical.
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Ti ljudi su naša rodbina,
05:59
Those people are our nieces
and nephews, our children,
and nephews, our children,
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naša deca,
koja su možda isuviše mala
da bi primila svoje prve vakcine.
da bi primila svoje prve vakcine.
06:02
who may be too young
to receive their first shots.
to receive their first shots.
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To su naši roditelji, naši bližnji,
06:07
They are our parents, our siblings,
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naši poznanici,
06:09
our acquaintances,
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koji možda imaju neku bolest
06:10
who may have a disease,
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ili primaju neki lek
koji im narušava imunitet.
koji im narušava imunitet.
06:12
or take medication
that lowers their defenses.
that lowers their defenses.
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Takođe postoje ljudi koji su alergični
06:18
There are also people who are
allergic to a particular vaccine.
allergic to a particular vaccine.
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na određenu vakcinu.
Takođe, među nama se nađu i oni
06:23
They could even be among us,
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koji se vakcinišu,
06:25
any of us who got vaccinated,
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ali kod kojih vakcina
06:27
but the vaccine didn't produce
the expected effect,
the expected effect,
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ne postigne željeni efekat.
Jer nisu sve vakcine uvek 100% efikasne.
06:31
because not all vaccines
are always 100 percent effective.
are always 100 percent effective.
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Svi ti ljudi zavise, gotovo isključivo,
06:35
All these people depend
almost exclusively on herd immunity
almost exclusively on herd immunity
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od kolektivnog imuniteta
06:40
to be protected against diseases.
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da bi se zaštitili od boesti.
Da bi se postigao
efekat kolektivnog imuniteta
efekat kolektivnog imuniteta
06:44
To achieve this effect of herd immunity,
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potrebno je da značajan procenat
stanovništva bude vakcinisan.
stanovništva bude vakcinisan.
06:49
it is necessary that a large percentage
of the population be vaccinated.
of the population be vaccinated.
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Taj procenat se zove prag.
06:54
This percentage is called the threshold.
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Prag zavisi od mnogo varijabli.
06:57
The threshold depends on many variables:
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Zavisi od karakteristika klice,
07:01
It depends on the germ's characteristics,
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od karakteristika imunološke reakcije
07:03
and those of the immune response
that the vaccine generates.
that the vaccine generates.
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koju prouzrokuje vakcina.
Ali svi imaju nešto zajednčko:
07:08
But they all have something in common.
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ako je procenat vakcinisanog stanovništva
u jednoj zajednici
u jednoj zajednici
07:10
If the percentage of the population
in a vaccinated community
in a vaccinated community
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ispod vrednosti praga,
07:15
is below this threshold number,
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bolest počinje da se širi slobodnije
07:19
the disease will begin
to spread more freely
to spread more freely
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07:23
and may generate an outbreak
of this disease within the community.
of this disease within the community.
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i može da pređe u epidemiju
u toj zajednici.
u toj zajednici.
07:27
Even diseases which were
at some point controlled may reappear.
at some point controlled may reappear.
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Takođe i bolesti koje su
u ovom trenutku pod kontrolom
u ovom trenutku pod kontrolom
mogu ponovo da se vrate.
Ovo nije puka teorija.
07:36
This is not just a theory.
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Ovo se dešavalo i dešava se i dalje.
07:38
This has happened,
and is still happening.
and is still happening.
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Godine 1998, jedan britanski istraživač
07:43
In 1998, a British researcher
published an article
published an article
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je objavio članak u jednom
od najuticajnijih časopisa iz medicine
od najuticajnijih časopisa iz medicine
07:47
in one of the most important
medical journals,
medical journals,
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u kome je tvrdio da MMR vakcina,
07:50
saying that the MMR vaccine,
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koja se daje protiv
malih boginja, zauški i rubeole,
malih boginja, zauški i rubeole,
07:53
which is given for measles,
mumps and rubella,
mumps and rubella,
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uzrokuje autizam.
07:55
was associated with autism.
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Ovo je imalo trenutni učinak.
07:57
This generated an immediate impact.
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Ljudi su odustajali od vakcinacije,
08:01
People began to stop getting vaccinated,
and stopped vaccinating their children.
and stopped vaccinating their children.
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prestali su da vakcinišu svoju decu.
I šta se desilo?
08:05
And what happened?
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Broj vakcinisanih
08:07
The number of people vaccinated,
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u mnogim zajednicama u svetu
08:09
in many communities around the world,
fell below this threshold.
fell below this threshold.
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je pao ispod vrednosti praga.
Imali smo epidemiju malih boginja
08:13
And there were outbreaks of measles
in many cities in the world --
in many cities in the world --
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u mnogim gradovima u svetu.
U SAD-u, u Evropi.
08:17
in the U.S., in Europe.
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Mnogi ljudi su oboleli,
08:19
Many people got sick.
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a neki su i umrli od malih boginja.
08:22
People died of measles.
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Šta se desilo?
08:25
What happened?
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08:27
This article also generated a huge stir
within the medical community.
within the medical community.
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Ovaj članak je izazvao ogromnu pometnju
unutar zdravstva.
Desetine naučnika odlučili su da provere
08:32
Dozens of researchers began to assess
if this was actually true.
if this was actually true.
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da li je ovo uistinu tačno.
Ne samo da niko nije mogao da pronađe
08:37
Not only could no one find
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uzročno-posledičnu vezu između MMR vakcine
08:40
a causal association between MMR
and autism at the population level,
and autism at the population level,
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i autizma na nivou populacije,
već su i otkrili da sam članak
08:45
but it was also found that this article
had incorrect claims.
had incorrect claims.
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sadrži brojne neistine.
I ne samo to, već i da je
u pitanju obmanjivanje.
u pitanju obmanjivanje.
08:50
Even more, it was fraudulent.
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Obmanjivao je javnost.
08:54
It was fraudulent.
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Kao posledica toga,
časopis se javno ogradio
časopis se javno ogradio
08:57
In fact, the journal publicly retracted
the article in 2010.
the article in 2010.
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od tog članka 2010. godine.
Jedan od glavnih razloga
i izgovora za nevakcinisanje,
i izgovora za nevakcinisanje,
09:04
One of the main concerns and excuses
for not getting vaccinated
for not getting vaccinated
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u ovom trenutku su negativna dejstva.
09:08
are the adverse effects.
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Vakcine, kao i lekovi,
09:11
Vaccines, like other drugs,
can have potential adverse effects.
can have potential adverse effects.
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mogu da imaju negativna dejstva.
Većinom se radi
o blagim i privremenim dejstvima.
o blagim i privremenim dejstvima.
09:17
Most are mild and temporary.
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Ali korist je uvek veća
09:20
But the benefits are always greater
than possible complications.
than possible complications.
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od potencijalnih komplikacija.
Kada smo bolesni,
09:27
When we are ill,
we want to heal fast.
we want to heal fast.
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želimo što pre da se izlečimo.
Većina nas ovde,
09:32
Many of us who are here
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09:34
take antibiotics
when we have an infection,
when we have an infection,
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kada imamo neku infekciju,
uzmemo antibiotike.
Ako imamo povišen pritisak,
uzimamo antihipertenzive.
uzimamo antihipertenzive.
09:38
we take anti-hypertensives
when we have high blood pressure,
when we have high blood pressure,
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Uzimamo lekove za srce.
09:41
we take cardiac medications.
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Zašto? Zato što smo bolesni
09:43
Why? Because we are sick
and we want to heal fast.
and we want to heal fast.
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i želimo da brzo ozdravimo.
09:46
And we don't question it much.
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I ne razmišljamo previše.
Zašto nam je toliko teško
09:48
Why is it so difficult
to think of preventing diseases,
to think of preventing diseases,
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da suzbijamo bolesti,
tako što ćemo da brinemo
o sebi dok smo zdravi?
o sebi dok smo zdravi?
09:53
by taking care of ourselves
when we are healthy?
when we are healthy?
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Brinemo se o sebi mnogo kada smo bolesni
09:57
We take care of ourselves a lot
when affected by an illness,
when affected by an illness,
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ili se pazimo neposredno pred
trenutnom opasnošću.
trenutnom opasnošću.
10:00
or in situations of imminent danger.
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Pretpostvaljam da se većina vas ovde
10:04
I imagine most of us here,
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seća pandemije gripa
10:06
remember the influenza-A pandemic
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koja se desila ovde u Argentini,
i u celom svetu, 2009. godine.
i u celom svetu, 2009. godine.
10:10
which broke out in 2009
in Argentina and worldwide.
in Argentina and worldwide.
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Kada su prvi slučajevi obelodanjeni,
10:14
When the first cases
began to come to light,
began to come to light,
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kod nas u Argentini je počinjala zima.
10:17
we, here in Argentina,
were entering the winter season.
were entering the winter season.
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Ništa se nije znalo.
10:21
We knew absolutely nothing.
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Sve je bilo haotično.
10:24
Everything was a mess.
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Ljudi su s maskama izlazili na ulice,
10:25
People wore masks on the street,
ran into pharmacies to buy alcohol gel.
ran into pharmacies to buy alcohol gel.
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hrlili smo u apoteke
da bismo kupili alkohol u gelu.
Ljudi su formirali redove u apotekama
da bi primili vakcinu,
da bi primili vakcinu,
10:30
People would line up
in pharmacies to get a vaccine,
in pharmacies to get a vaccine,
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a da nisu ni znali da li ih ta vakcina
štiti od ovog novog virusa.
štiti od ovog novog virusa.
10:34
without even knowing
if it was the right vaccine
if it was the right vaccine
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10:36
that would protect them
against this new virus.
against this new virus.
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Apsolutno ništa se nije znalo.
10:39
We knew absolutely nothing.
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Ja sam tada, pored toga što sam stažirala
na Institutu za novorođenčad,
na Institutu za novorođenčad,
10:41
At that time, in addition to doing
my fellowship at the Infant Foundation,
my fellowship at the Infant Foundation,
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radila kao kućni pedijatar
10:46
I worked as a home pediatrician
for a prepaid medicine company.
for a prepaid medicine company.
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za jednu privatnu medicinsku kompaniju.
Sećam se da bih
započela dežurstvo u osam ujutru
započela dežurstvo u osam ujutru
10:51
I remember that I started
my shift at 8 a.m.,
my shift at 8 a.m.,
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10:54
and by 8, I already had a list
of 50 scheduled visits.
of 50 scheduled visits.
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i već u osam sati sam dobijala listu
od pedeset zakazanih poseta.
od pedeset zakazanih poseta.
Bilo je haotično,
ljudi nisu znali šta da rade.
ljudi nisu znali šta da rade.
10:59
It was chaos;
people didn't know what to do.
people didn't know what to do.
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Sećam se da su mi privukle pažnju
11:02
I remember the types of patients
that I was examining.
that I was examining.
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odlike pacijenata koje sam gledala.
To su bili pacijenti nešto stariji
11:07
The patients were a little older than
what we were used to seeing in winter,
what we were used to seeing in winter,
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od onih koje smo navikli
da gledamo tokom zime,
da gledamo tokom zime,
s groznicom koja je duže trajala.
11:12
with longer fevers.
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I sećam se da sam
to pomenula mom mentoru
to pomenula mom mentoru
11:14
And I mentioned that
to my fellowship mentor,
to my fellowship mentor,
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kod kog sam stažirala,
a on je čuo, od jednog kolege,
11:18
and he, for his part, had heard
the same from a colleague,
the same from a colleague,
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da je veliki broj trudnica
11:21
about the large number
of pregnant women
of pregnant women
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i mladih ljudi
11:24
and young adults
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poslato na intenzivnu negu
11:26
being hospitalized in intensive care,
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11:28
with hard-to-manage clinical profiles.
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s ne baš tako dobrim izgledima.
Tada smo odlučili da pokušamo da dokučimo
11:32
At that time, we set out to understand
what was happening.
what was happening.
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šta se to dešava.
U ponedeljak, čim je svanulo,
ušli smo u auto
ušli smo u auto
11:39
First thing Monday morning,
we took the car
we took the car
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i odvezli se do bolnice
u predgrađu Buenos Ajresa
u predgrađu Buenos Ajresa
11:42
and went to a hospital
in Buenos Aires Province,
in Buenos Aires Province,
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u koju su upućivani
11:45
that served as a referral hospital
for cases of the new influenza virus.
for cases of the new influenza virus.
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slučajevi novog virusa gripa.
Stigli smo u bolnicu,
koja je vrvela od ljudi.
koja je vrvela od ljudi.
11:51
We arrived at the hospital;
it was crowded.
it was crowded.
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Svi medicinski radnici su bili obučeni
u zaštitna odela, poput NASA-inih.
u zaštitna odela, poput NASA-inih.
11:53
All health staff were dressed
in NASA-like bio-safety suits.
in NASA-like bio-safety suits.
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A mi smo imali po maskicu u džepu.
11:57
We all had face masks in our pockets.
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Ja, hipohondar, nisam disala dva sata.
11:59
I, being a hypochondriac,
didn't breathe for two hours.
didn't breathe for two hours.
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Ali bilo nam je jasno šta se dešavalo.
12:02
But we could see what was happening.
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Istog trena smo stupili u kontakt
12:05
Immediately, we started
reaching out to pediatricians
reaching out to pediatricians
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s pedijatrima iz šest bolnica
u Buenos Ajresu i iz predgrađa.
u Buenos Ajresu i iz predgrađa.
12:09
from six hospitals in the city
and in Buenos Aires Province.
and in Buenos Aires Province.
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I predložili smo da, u najkraćem roku,
12:13
Our main goal was to find out
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otkrijemo kako se manifestuje
ovaj novi virus kod naše dece.
ovaj novi virus kod naše dece.
12:16
how this new virus behaved
in contact with our children,
in contact with our children,
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12:20
in the shortest time possible.
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U jednom maratonskom poduhvatu,
12:23
A marathon work.
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za manje od tri meseca,
12:26
In less than three months,
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12:29
we could see what effect
this new H1N1 virus had
this new H1N1 virus had
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mogli smo da vidimo kakve su odlike
ovog novog virusa H1N1
ovog novog virusa H1N1
12:35
on the 251 children
hospitalized by this virus.
hospitalized by this virus.
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kod 251 deteta, hospitalizovanog
zbog ovog virusa.
zbog ovog virusa.
12:41
We could see which children
got more seriously ill:
got more seriously ill:
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Mogli smo da vidimo koja deca
su najozbiljnije obolela,
su najozbiljnije obolela,
12:45
children under four, especially those
less than one year old;
less than one year old;
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a to su bili mlađi od četiri godine,
naročito oni mlađi od godinu dana,
pacijenti s neurološkim oboljenjima,
12:49
patients with neurological diseases;
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mališani s hroničnim plućnim bolestima.
12:51
and young children
with chronic pulmonary diseases.
with chronic pulmonary diseases.
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12:55
Identifying these at-risk groups
was important
was important
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Identifikovati te rizične grupe,
bilo je izuzetno važno
bilo je izuzetno važno
13:00
to include them as priority groups
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kako bismo mogli da ih obeležimo
kao prioritetne grupe
kao prioritetne grupe
za primanje vakcine protiv gripa,
13:02
in the recommendations
for getting the influenza vaccine,
for getting the influenza vaccine,
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ne samo ovde u Argentini,
13:05
not only here in Argentina,
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već i drugde gde još uvek
nije stigla pandemija.
nije stigla pandemija.
13:07
but also in other countries
which the pandemic not yet reached.
which the pandemic not yet reached.
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Godinu dana kasnije,
13:12
A year later,
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13:14
when a vaccine against the pandemic
H1N1 virus became available,
H1N1 virus became available,
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kada je vakcina protiv gripa H1N1
već bila dostupna,
već bila dostupna,
želeli smo da vidimo šta se dešava.
13:19
we wanted to see what happened.
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Nakon obuhvatne kampanje
za vakcinaciju,
za vakcinaciju,
13:22
After a huge vaccination campaign
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13:25
aimed at protecting at-risk groups,
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usmerene na zaštitu rizičnih grupa,
u ovim bolnicama,
13:30
these hospitals, with 93 percent
of the at-risk groups vaccinated,
of the at-risk groups vaccinated,
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gde je 93% vakcinisanih iz rizičnih grupa,
13:37
had not hospitalized a single patient
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nismo imali ni jedan
slučaj hospitalizacije
slučaj hospitalizacije
13:40
for the pandemic H1N1 virus.
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zbog pandemije virusa H1N1.
(Aplauz)
13:43
(Applause)
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13:47
In 2009: 251.
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Godine 2009: 251 slučaj.
Godine 2010: nula.
13:53
In 2010: zero.
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13:56
Vaccination is an act
of individual responsibility,
of individual responsibility,
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Vakcinacija je čin lične odgovornosti,
14:01
but it has a huge collective impact.
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koji ima ogroman uticaj na društvo.
Ako se vakcinišem, ne štitim samo sebe,
14:06
If I get vaccinated,
not only am I protecting myself,
not only am I protecting myself,
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14:11
but I am also protecting others.
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takođe štitim druge.
Sol je imala veliki kašalj.
14:15
Sol had whooping cough.
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14:19
Sol was very young,
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Sol je bila isuviše mala
i još uvek nije bila primila
i još uvek nije bila primila
14:21
and she hadn't yet received
her first vaccine against whooping cough.
her first vaccine against whooping cough.
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svoju prvu vakcinu protiv velikog kašlja.
14:27
I still wonder what would have happened
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Ja se i danas pitam, šta bi se desilo
14:30
if everyone around Sol
had been vaccinated.
had been vaccinated.
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da su sve osobe u Solinom okruženju
bile vakcinisane.
14:37
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Romina Libster - Medical researcherDr. Romina Libster investigates influenza and other respiratory viruses, searching for ways to most effectively keep viruses from spreading.
Why you should listen
Dr. Romina Libster is a staff scientist and assistant investigator at the National Scientific and Technical Research Council, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. She received her Doctor of Medicine, with High Honors from the University Of Buenos Aires School Of Medicine in 2004. She then completed her pediatric internship and residency at the “Pedro de Elizalde” Children’s Hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 2004-2008. Upon completion of this training she began her Post-Doctoral Research Fellowship at the Fundación INFANT in Buenos Aires under the tutelage of a renowned investigator, Dr. Fernando P. Polack. Shortly after assuming her fellowship position, she began the Master in Clinical Effectiveness Program in Buenos Aires. She conducted a series of complex and innovative studies on respiratory viruses, with a special focus on influenza. Romina was invited by Dr. Kathryn M. Edwards to join the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program team at Vanderbilt University in 2009 where she is leading a large clinical trial to determine the safety and immunogenicity of sequential rotavirus vaccine schedules. In 2013, Dr. Libster returned to her home country through a repatriation program from Fundación INFANT where she joined the faculty at the institution.
Romina Libster | Speaker | TED.com