TEDGlobal 2014
Alison Killing: There’s a better way to die, and architecture can help
Alison Kiling (Alison Killing): Postoji bolji način da se umre, i arhitektura može da pomogne
Filmed:
Readability: 3.9
1,316,847 views
U ovom kratkom, provokativnom govoru, arhitekta Alison Kiling posmatra zgrade gde se događa smrt i umiranje - groblja, bolnice, domove. Način na koji umiremo se menja, a način na koji gradimo za umiranje... možda bi i to trebalo da se menja. Ovo je iznenađujuće fascinantan osvrt na skrivene aspekte naši gradova i života.
Alison Killing - Architect
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment. Full bio
An architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like to tell you a story
about death and architecture.
about death and architecture.
0
810
4031
Želela bih da vam ispričam priču
o smrti i arhitekturi.
o smrti i arhitekturi.
00:16
A hundred years ago, we tended to die
of infectious diseases like pneumonia,
of infectious diseases like pneumonia,
1
4841
4630
Pre sto godina, umirali smo
od zaraznih bolesti, poput upale pluća,
od zaraznih bolesti, poput upale pluća,
00:21
that, if they took hold,
would take us away quite quickly.
would take us away quite quickly.
2
9471
3297
koje su veoma brzo postajale fatalne,
ukoliko bismo ih dobili.
ukoliko bismo ih dobili.
00:24
We tended to die at home,
in our own beds, looked after by family,
in our own beds, looked after by family,
3
12768
3734
Umirali smo kod kuće, u svojim krevetima,
dok je na nas pazila porodica,
dok je na nas pazila porodica,
00:28
although that was the default option
4
16502
1792
mada to je bila ustaljena praksa,
00:30
because a lot of people
lacked access to medical care.
lacked access to medical care.
5
18294
2590
pošto dosta ljudi nije imalo
pristup medicinskoj nezi.
pristup medicinskoj nezi.
00:33
And then in the 20th century
a lot of things changed.
a lot of things changed.
6
21614
2779
Onda se dosta toga promenilo u 20. veku.
00:36
We developed new medicines like penicillin
7
24393
2097
Razvili smo nove lekove, poput penicilina
00:38
so we could treat
those infectious diseases.
those infectious diseases.
8
26490
2485
kako bismo lečili te zarazne bolesti.
00:40
New medical technologies
like x-ray machines were invented.
like x-ray machines were invented.
9
28975
3274
Izmišljene su nove medicinske tehnologije,
poput rendgenskih zraka.
poput rendgenskih zraka.
00:44
And because they were
so big and expensive,
so big and expensive,
10
32249
2252
A pošto su bile tako velike i skupe,
00:46
we needed large, centralized
buildings to keep them in,
buildings to keep them in,
11
34501
3018
za njih su nam bile potrebne
velike, centralizovane zgrade
velike, centralizovane zgrade
00:49
and they became our modern hospitals.
12
37519
2299
koje su postale moderne bolnice.
00:51
After the Second World War,
13
39818
1423
Nakon Drugog svetskog rata,
mnoge zemlje su uspostavile
jedinstvene sisteme zdravstvene nege
jedinstvene sisteme zdravstvene nege
00:53
a lot of countries set up
universal healthcare systems
universal healthcare systems
14
41241
2640
00:55
so that everyone who needed
treatment could get it.
treatment could get it.
15
43881
2647
tako da bi negu mogao da dobije
svako kome je potrebna.
svako kome je potrebna.
00:58
The result was that lifespans extended
from about 45 at the start of the century
from about 45 at the start of the century
16
46528
4249
Kao posledica toga, životni vek
je porastao sa oko 45 na početku veka
je porastao sa oko 45 na početku veka
01:02
to almost double that today.
17
50777
2183
do skoro duplo više danas.
01:04
The 20th century was this time of huge
optimism about what science could offer,
optimism about what science could offer,
18
52960
4098
20. vek je bio vreme ogromnog optimizma
u vezi sa tim šta nauka ima da ponudi,
u vezi sa tim šta nauka ima da ponudi,
01:09
but with all of the focus on life,
death was forgotten,
death was forgotten,
19
57058
3727
ali potpunim usredsređivanjem na život,
zaboravili smo smrt,
zaboravili smo smrt,
01:12
even as our approach to death
changed dramatically.
changed dramatically.
20
60785
2405
iako se naš pristup smrti
promenio drastično.
promenio drastično.
01:15
Now, I'm an architect,
21
63580
1203
Ja sam arhitekta
01:16
and for the past year and a half
I've been looking at these changes
I've been looking at these changes
22
64783
3242
i proteklih godinu i po
posmatrala sam ove promene
posmatrala sam ove promene
01:20
and at what they mean for architecture
related to death and dying.
related to death and dying.
23
68025
3154
i šta one znače za arhitekturu
vezanu za smrt i umiranje.
vezanu za smrt i umiranje.
01:23
We now tend to die
of cancer and heart disease,
of cancer and heart disease,
24
71179
3233
Sada umiremo od raka i bolesti srca
01:26
and what that means is that many of us
will have a long period of chronic illness
will have a long period of chronic illness
25
74412
3996
i to znači da će mnogi od nas proći
kroz dug period hronične bolesti
kroz dug period hronične bolesti
01:30
at the end of our lives.
26
78408
1974
pred kraj naših života.
01:32
During that period,
27
80382
1113
Tokom tog perioda,
01:33
we'll likely spend a lot of time
in hospitals and hospices and care homes.
in hospitals and hospices and care homes.
28
81495
5063
verovatno ćemo provesti dosta vremena
u bolnicama i domovima za negu.
u bolnicama i domovima za negu.
01:38
Now, we've all been in a modern hospital.
29
86558
2206
Svi smo bili u modernoj bolnici.
01:40
You know those fluorescent lights
and the endless corridors
and the endless corridors
30
88764
3390
Znate ta fluorescentna svetla
i beskrajne hodnike
i beskrajne hodnike
01:44
and those rows of uncomfortable chairs.
31
92154
3018
i redove neudobnih stolica.
01:47
Hospital architecture
has earned its bad reputation.
has earned its bad reputation.
32
95172
3762
Arhitektura bolnica zaslužila je
svoju lošu reputaciju.
svoju lošu reputaciju.
01:50
But the surprising thing is,
it wasn't always like this.
it wasn't always like this.
33
98934
3157
Ali iznenađujuće je to
da nije bilo oduvek ovako.
da nije bilo oduvek ovako.
01:54
This is L'Ospedale degli Innocenti,
built in 1419 by Brunelleschi,
built in 1419 by Brunelleschi,
34
102091
4334
Ovo je "L'Ospedale degli Innocenti",
koju je 1419. sagradio Bruneleski,
koju je 1419. sagradio Bruneleski,
01:58
who was one of the most famous
and influential architects of his time.
and influential architects of his time.
35
106425
3747
koji je bio jedan od najpoznatijih
i najuticajnijih arhitekata svog vremena.
i najuticajnijih arhitekata svog vremena.
02:02
And when I look at this building
and then think about hospitals today,
and then think about hospitals today,
36
110172
3343
Kada pogledam ovu zgradu
i razmislim o bolnicama danas,
i razmislim o bolnicama danas,
02:05
what amazes me is
this building's ambition.
this building's ambition.
37
113515
3088
zapanjuje me ambicija ove zgrade.
02:08
It's just a really great building.
38
116603
1649
To je prosto sjajna zgrada.
02:10
It has these courtyards in the middle
39
118252
1834
U sredini ima dvorišta
02:12
so that all of the rooms
have daylight and fresh air,
have daylight and fresh air,
40
120086
2533
tako da sve sobe imaju
dnevnu svetlost i svež vazduh,
dnevnu svetlost i svež vazduh,
02:14
and the rooms are big
and they have high ceilings,
and they have high ceilings,
41
122619
2413
a sobe su prostrane i imaju visoke plafone
02:17
so they just feel
more comfortable to be in.
more comfortable to be in.
42
125032
2484
tako da je prosto udobnije
boraviti u njima.
boraviti u njima.
02:19
And it's also beautiful.
43
127516
1765
Takođe je prelepa.
02:21
Somehow, we've forgotten
that that's even possible for a hospital.
that that's even possible for a hospital.
44
129281
3831
Nekako smo zaboravili da to i može
da bude slučaj sa bolnicom.
da bude slučaj sa bolnicom.
02:25
Now, if we want better buildings
for dying, then we have to talk about it,
for dying, then we have to talk about it,
45
133112
4023
Ako želimo bolje zgrade u kojima se umire,
onda moramo da pričamo o tome,
onda moramo da pričamo o tome,
02:29
but because we find the subject
of death uncomfortable,
of death uncomfortable,
46
137135
2571
ali pošto nam je tema smrti neprijatna,
02:31
we don't talk about it,
47
139706
1440
ne pričamo o tome
02:33
and we don't question how we
as a society approach death.
as a society approach death.
48
141146
3312
i ne preispitujemo to kako mi
kao društvo pristupamo smrti.
kao društvo pristupamo smrti.
Ipak, jedna od stvari koja me je najviše
iznenadila u mom istraživanju
iznenadila u mom istraživanju
02:36
One of the things that surprised me
most in my research, though,
most in my research, though,
49
144458
3174
02:39
is how changeable attitudes actually are.
50
147632
2685
je koliko su stavovi promenljivi.
02:42
This is the first crematorium in the U.K.,
51
150317
2392
Ovo je prvi krematorijum
u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu,
u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu,
02:44
which was built in Woking in the 1870s.
52
152709
2809
koji je sagrađen u Voukingu 1870-tih.
02:47
And when this was first built,
there were protests in the local village.
there were protests in the local village.
53
155518
3407
Kada je sagrađen, u lokalnom selu
odvijali su se protesti.
odvijali su se protesti.
Kremiranje nije bilo
društveno prihvatljivo
društveno prihvatljivo
02:50
Cremation wasn't socially acceptable,
and 99.8 percent of people got buried.
and 99.8 percent of people got buried.
54
158925
4883
i 99,8% ljudi je sahranjivano.
02:55
And yet, only a hundred years later,
three quarters of us get cremated.
three quarters of us get cremated.
55
163808
3776
Ipak, samo sto godina kasnije,
tri četvrtine nas se kremira.
tri četvrtine nas se kremira.
02:59
People are actually really open
to changing things
to changing things
56
167584
2527
Ljudi su zapravo
prilično otvoreni za promene,
prilično otvoreni za promene,
03:02
if they're given the chance
to talk about them.
to talk about them.
57
170111
2401
ukoliko imaju prilike da o njima pričaju.
03:04
So this conversation
about death and architecture
about death and architecture
58
172512
3323
Želela sam da započnem ovaj razgovor
o smrti i arhitekturi kada sam uradila
svoju prvu izložbu na tu temu
svoju prvu izložbu na tu temu
03:07
was what I wanted to start
when I did my first exhibition on it
when I did my first exhibition on it
59
175835
3159
03:10
in Venice in June,
which was called "Death in Venice."
which was called "Death in Venice."
60
178994
3226
u Veneciji u junu, koja se zvala
"Smrt u Veneciji".
"Smrt u Veneciji".
03:14
It was designed to be quite playful
61
182220
3274
Smišljena je da bude veoma razigrana
03:17
so that people would
literally engage with it.
literally engage with it.
62
185494
2198
kako bi ljudi bukvalno učestvovali u njoj.
03:19
This is one of our exhibits,
which is an interactive map of London
which is an interactive map of London
63
187692
3255
Ovo je jedna od naših izložbi
koja je interaktivna mapa Londona
koja je interaktivna mapa Londona
03:22
that shows just how much
of the real estate in the city
of the real estate in the city
64
190947
2675
gde se vidi koliko je zapravo
nekretnina u gradu
nekretnina u gradu
03:25
is given over to death and dying,
65
193622
1879
namenjeno smrti i umiranju,
03:27
and as you wave your hand across the map,
66
195501
2369
i kako prolazite rukom preko mape,
03:29
the name of that piece of real estate,
the building or cemetery, is revealed.
the building or cemetery, is revealed.
67
197870
4829
otkriva se ime te nekretnine,
zgrade ili groblja.
zgrade ili groblja.
03:34
Another of our exhibits
was a series of postcards
was a series of postcards
68
202699
2508
Naša druga izložba
predstavljala je niz razglednica
predstavljala je niz razglednica
03:37
that people could take away with them.
69
205207
1997
koje su ljudi mogli da uzmu.
03:39
And they showed people's homes
and hospitals
and hospitals
70
207204
2461
Prikazivale su domove ljudi i bolnice
03:41
and cemeteries and mortuaries,
71
209665
2415
i groblja i mrtvačnice
03:44
and they tell the story
of the different spaces
of the different spaces
72
212080
2461
i pričaju priču o različitim mestima
03:46
that we pass through
on either side of death.
on either side of death.
73
214541
2833
kroz koja prolazimo sa obe strane smrti.
03:49
We wanted to show
that where we die
that where we die
74
217374
2345
Hteli smo da pokažemo da je to gde umiremo
03:51
is a key part of how we die.
75
219719
3251
ključni deo toga kako umiremo.
03:54
Now, the strangest thing was the way
that visitors reacted to the exhibition,
that visitors reacted to the exhibition,
76
222970
4783
Najčudnije je bilo to kako su posetioci
reagovali na izložbu,
reagovali na izložbu,
03:59
especially the audio-visual works.
77
227753
2368
naročito na audio-vizuelna dela.
04:02
We had people dancing
and running and jumping
and running and jumping
78
230121
3692
Ljudi su plesali i trčali i skakali okolo
04:05
as they tried to activate
the exhibits in different ways,
the exhibits in different ways,
79
233813
2995
u pokušaju da aktiviraju izložbu
na različite načine
na različite načine
04:08
and at a certain point
they would kind of stop
they would kind of stop
80
236808
2444
i u nekom trenutku bi zastali
04:11
and remember that they were in
an exhibition about death,
an exhibition about death,
81
239252
2734
i setili se da su na izložbi o smrti,
04:13
and that maybe that's not
how you're supposed to act.
how you're supposed to act.
82
241986
2624
i da možda ne bi trebalo
tako da se ponašaju.
tako da se ponašaju.
Ali ja bih se zapravo pitala
da li postoji samo jedan način
da li postoji samo jedan način
04:16
But actually, I would question
whether there is one way
whether there is one way
83
244610
2647
04:19
that you're supposed to act around death,
84
247257
2275
na koji treba da se ponašate kod smrti,
04:21
and if there's not, I'd ask you to think
about what you think a good death is,
about what you think a good death is,
85
249532
4551
a ako ne postoji, pitala bih vas
da razmislite o tome šta je dobra smrt
da razmislite o tome šta je dobra smrt
04:26
and what you think that architecture
that supports a good death might be like,
that supports a good death might be like,
86
254083
3669
i kako mislite da treba da izgleda
arhitektura koja podržava dobru smrt
arhitektura koja podržava dobru smrt
04:29
and mightn't it be a little less like this
and a little more like this?
and a little more like this?
87
257752
4728
i zar ne bi bila malo manje nalik na ovo,
a malo više nalik na ovo?
a malo više nalik na ovo?
04:34
Thank you.
88
262480
2214
Hvala vam.
04:36
(Applause)
89
264694
2020
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alison Killing - ArchitectAn architect and urban designer, Alison Killing uses journalism, filmmaking and exhibitions to help people better understand the built environment.
Why you should listen
Alison Killing is an architect and urban designer working to engage people with their built environment, via design of buildings and urban strategies, film making, exhibitions and events. She explores the relationship between death and modern architecture, looking at how cities are rebuilt after disaster.
Recent projects include Death in the City (and its first iteration, Death in Venice, which was shown as an independent event during the opening week of the Venice Architecture Biennale), a touring exhibition about death and modern architecture; work with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies on better rebuilding after disaster and how to integrate relevant urban design tools into humanitarian response; and a study of financial models for arts and community projects temporarily using vacant buildings to help these projects become self-sustaining.
Alison Killing | Speaker | TED.com