ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Pelling - Biohacker
Andrew Pelling's unconventional and creative scientific process is founded on play.

Why you should listen

Scientist, professor, entrepreneur and TED Fellow Andrew Pelling has built a career on unapologetic curiosity, creativity and serendipity. He is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the University of Ottawa, where he founded and directs a curiosity-driven research lab that brings together artists, scientists, social scientists and engineers. The lab uses low-cost, open source materials and methods to explore speculative living technologies of the future. He has, for instance, created human body parts made from plants and grown living skins on LEGOs -- innovations with the potential to replace prohibitively expensive commercial biomaterials.

Pelling is also the co-founder and CTO of Spiderwort Inc., a mission driven company developing open source platforms to enable the widespread and global adoption of biological research in all environments and economic contexts. Most recently, he founded pHacktory, a street-level research lab in Ottawa that amplifies community ideas through a potent mixture of craft, serendipity and curiosity.

Pelling's work has been in the international media spotlight for many years, with recognition in outlets such as Wired, Huffington Post, NPR, Scientific American, Popular Science, BBC, Der Spiegel, Deutsche Welle and others, as well as numerous highlights in the Canadian media and Scientific media. He was named a TED Fellow in 2016.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Pelling | Speaker | TED.com
TED2016

Andrew Pelling: This scientist makes ears out of apples

Endru Peling (Andrew Pelling): Ovaj ludi naučnik pravi uši od jabuka

Filmed:
1,293,052 views

Učesnik TED Fellows programa, Endru Peling, je biohaker i priroda je njegov hardver. Njegovi omiljeni materijali su oni najprostiji (i često ih pronalazi u smeću). Gradeći od strukture od celuloze koja jabuci daje njen oblik, on "uzgaja" ljudske uši nalik pravim i utvrđuje proces koji će se možda jednog dana koristiti da se bezbedno i jeftino popravljaju delovi tela. A ima i čudnijih ideja... "Zaista me zanima da li bismo jednog dana mogli da popravimo, ponovo izgradimo i poboljšamo sopstvena tela stvarima koje možemo naći u kuhinji", kaže on.
- Biohacker
Andrew Pelling's unconventional and creative scientific process is founded on play. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
I've got a confessionпризнање.
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Imam nešto da priznam.
00:14
I love looking throughкроз people'sљуди garbageсмеће.
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Volim da kopam ljudima po smeću.
00:17
Now, it's not some creepyjezivo thing.
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Nije to ništa jezivo.
00:19
I'm usuallyобично just looking
for oldстари electronicsелектроника,
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Obično tražim staru elektriku,
00:21
stuffствари I can take to my workshopрадионица and hackхацк.
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stvari koje mogu da preradim
u svojoj radionici.
00:24
I do have a fetishfetiš for CD-ROMCD-ROM-A drivesпогони.
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Imam fetiš za čitače CD-ova.
00:28
EachSvaki one'sједан је got threeтри differentразличит motorsмотори,
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Svaki ima tri različita motora,
pa možete napraviti
stvari koje se pokreću.
00:30
so now you can buildизградити things that moveпотез.
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00:32
There's switchesпрекидачи so you can
turnред things on and off.
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Postoje prekidači, pa možete
uključivati i isključivati stvari.
00:35
There's even a freakingфреакинг laserласер,
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Čak postoji i laser
00:37
so you can make a coolхладан robotробот
into an awesomeсупер robotробот.
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pa možete superrobota
pretvoriti u sjajnog robota.
00:42
Now, I've builtизграђен
a lot of stuffствари out of garbageсмеће,
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Mnogo toga sam napravio od smeća
00:45
and some of these things
have even been kindкинд of usefulкорисно.
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i neke od ovih stvari
čak su bile i nekako korisne.
00:48
But here'sево the thing,
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Ali stvar je u ovome,
00:49
for me, garbageсмеће is just a chanceшанса to playигра,
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za mene je smeće
samo prilika za igru,
00:52
to be creativeкреативан and buildизградити things
to amusezabavljam myselfЈа сам.
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da budem kreativan i stvaram stvari
kako bih se zabavio.
00:55
This is what I love doing,
so I just madeмаде it partдео of my day jobпосао.
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Ovo volim da radim, tako da sam od toga
napravio deo svog posla.
00:59
I leadолово a university-basedzasnovane na univerzitetu
biologicalбиолошки researchистраживање labлаб,
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Vodim laboratoriju na univerzitetu
koja se bavi biologijom,
01:01
where we valueвредност curiosityрадозналост
and explorationистраживање aboveгоре all elseдруго.
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gde cenimo radoznalost
i istraživanje, iznad svega.
01:05
We aren'tнису focusedфокусиран
on any particularпосебно problemпроблем,
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Nismo fokusirani
ni na jedan poseban problem
01:08
and we're not tryingпокушавајући to solveреши
any particularпосебно diseaseболест.
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i ne pokušavamo da rešimo
nijednu posebnu bolest.
01:10
This is just a placeместо where people can come
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Ovo je samo mesto gde ljudi mogu da dođu
01:13
and askпитати fascinatingфасцинантан questionsпитања
and find answersодговори.
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i postave fascinantna pitanja
i pronađu odgovore.
01:17
And I realizedреализован a long time agoпре
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Pre mnogo vremena sam shvatio
01:19
that if I challengeизазов people
to buildизградити the equipmentопрема they need
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da ako izazovem ljude
da stvore neophodnu opremu
01:22
out of the garbageсмеће I find,
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od smeća koje pronađem,
01:24
it's a great way to fosterFoster creativityкреативност.
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to je sjajan način
da se neguje kreativnost.
01:27
And what happenedдесило
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Desilo se to
01:28
was that artistsуметници and scientistsнаучници
from around the worldсвет
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da su umetnici i naučnici širom sveta
01:31
startedпочела comingдолазе to my labлаб.
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počeli da dolaze u moju laboratoriju.
01:33
And it's not just because
we valueвредност unconventionalнеконвенционално ideasидеје,
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To nije samo zbog toga
što cenimo netipične ideje,
01:36
it's because we testтест and validateProveri valjanost them
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već zbog toga što ih
testiramo i potvđujemo
01:39
with scientificнаучно rigorригор.
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uz naučnu strogoću.
01:41
So one day I was hackingхаковање something,
I was takingузимајући it apartодвојено,
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Jednog dana sam prepravljao nešto,
rastavljao ga
01:45
and I had this suddenизненадан ideaидеја:
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i dobio sam ovu ideju:
01:47
Could I treatлијечити biologyбиологија like hardwareхардваре?
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mogu li biologiju da gledam kao hardver?
01:50
Could I dismantleda rastavite a biologicalбиолошки systemсистем,
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Da li bih mogao
da rasturim biološki sistem,
01:53
mixмик and matchутакмица the partsделови
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izmešam delove
01:54
and then put it back togetherзаједно
in some newново and creativeкреативан way?
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i onda ih vratim nazad
na neki nov i kreativan način?
01:57
My labлаб startedпочела workingрад on this,
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Moja laboratorija je počela rad na ovome
02:00
and I want to showсхов you the resultрезултат.
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i želim da vam pokažem rezultat.
02:03
Can any of you guys
tell me what fruitвоће this is?
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Može li neko od vas da mi kaže
koje je ovo voće?
02:07
AudiencePubliku: AppleJabuka!
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Publika: Jabuka!
02:08
AndrewAndrew PellingPelling:
That's right -- it's an appleјабука.
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Endru Peling: Tačno - to je jabuka.
02:10
Now, I actuallyзаправо want you to noticeобјава as well
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Takođe želim da primetite
02:12
that this is a lot reddercrvenije
than mostнајвише applesjabuke.
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da je ova jabuka mnogo crvenija
od većine jabuka.
02:16
And that's because
we grewрастао humanљудско cellsћелије into it.
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To je zbog toga što smo u njoj
razvili ljudske ćelije.
02:19
We tookузела a totallyтотално innocentневин
MacintoshMacintosh appleјабука,
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Uzeli smo potpuno nevinu
Mekintošovu jabuku
02:23
removedуклоњен all the appleјабука cellsћелије and DNADNK
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i uklonili sve ćelije i DNK jabuke
02:26
and then implantedимплантиран humanљудско cellsћелије.
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i onda ubacili ljudske ćelije.
02:28
And what we're left with
after removingуклањање all the appleјабука cellsћелије
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Nakon uklanjanja svih ćelija jabuke,
ostala nam je
02:31
is this celluloseCeluloza scaffoldskele.
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skela od celuloze.
02:33
This is the stuffствари that givesдаје plantsбиљке
theirњихова shapeоблик and textureтекстура.
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To je ono što biljkama daje
njihov oblik i teksturu.
02:36
And these little holesрупе that you can see,
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Ove rupice koje možete videti,
02:38
this is where all
the appleјабука cellsћелије used to be.
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tu su bile ćelije jabuke.
02:41
So then we come alongзаједно,
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Onda smo krenuli
02:42
we implantimplant some mammaliansisara cellsћелије
that you can see in blueПлави.
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i ubacili ćelije sisara
koje vidite u plavoj boji.
02:45
What happensсе дешава is,
these guys startпочетак multiplyingмножење
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Dešava se to da one krenu da se množe
02:47
and they fillпопуните up this entireцео scaffoldskele.
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i popune čitavu skelu.
02:50
As weirdчудан as this is,
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Koliko god ovo čudno bilo,
02:52
it's actuallyзаправо really reminiscentpodseća
of how our ownвластити tissuesткива are organizedорганизован.
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zapravo podseća na način
na koji su organizovana naša tkiva.
02:56
And we foundнашао in our pre-clinicalpred-kliničke work
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U svom pretkliničkom radu otkrili smo
02:59
that you can implantimplant
these scaffoldsskela into the bodyтело,
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da možete ove skele da ugradite u telo
03:01
and the bodyтело will sendпошаљи in cellsћелије
and a bloodкрв supplyснабдевање
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i telo će poslati ćelije i zalihe krvi
03:04
and actuallyзаправо keep these things aliveжив.
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i održati ove stvari u životu.
03:07
This is the pointтачка
when people startedпочела askingпитајући me,
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U ovom trenutku ljudi kreću s pitanjem:
03:10
"AndrewAndrew, can you make
bodyтело partsделови out of applesjabuke?"
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"Endru, možeš li da praviš
delove tela od jabuka?"
03:15
And I'm like, "You've come
to the right placeместо."
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A ja kažem: "Na pravom ste mestu."
03:18
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
03:19
I actuallyзаправо broughtдоведен this up with my wifeжена.
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Zapravo sam ovo razvio sa suprugom.
03:21
She's a musicalмузички instrumentинструмент makerпроизвођач,
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Ona pravi muzičke instrumente
03:23
and she does a lot
of woodдрво carvingрезбарење for a livingживи.
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i dosta se bavi deljanjem u poslu.
03:26
So I askedпитао her,
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Pa sam je upitao:
03:28
"Could you, like,
literallyбуквално carveизрезати some earsуши
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"Da li bi bukvalno mogla da izdelješ uši
03:32
out of an appleјабука for us?"
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iz jabuke za nas?"
03:33
And she did.
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I uradila je to.
03:35
So I tookузела her earsуши to the labлаб.
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Odneo sam te uši u laboratoriju.
03:37
We then startedпочела preparingприпрема them.
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Onda smo počeli da ih pripremamo.
03:40
Yeah, I know.
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Da, znam.
03:42
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
03:45
It's a good labлаб, man.
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Dobra je to laboratorija, čoveče.
03:47
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
03:48
And then we grewрастао cellsћелије on them.
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Te smo na njima uzgojili ćelije.
03:51
And this is the resultрезултат.
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Ovo je rezultat.
03:53
Listen, my labлаб is not
in the ear-manufacturinguvo-proizvodnja businessбизнис.
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Slušajte, moja laboratorija
se ne bavi proizvodnjom ušiju.
03:59
People have actuallyзаправо been workingрад
on this for decadesдеценија.
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Ljudi su zapravo
decenijama radili na ovome.
04:03
Here'sEvo the issueпитање:
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Evo problema:
04:04
commercialкомерцијално scaffoldsskela can be
really expensiveскупо and problematicпроблематично,
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komercijalne skele mogu biti
prilično skupe i komplikovane,
04:09
because they're sourcedod Borna
from proprietaryvlasničkog productsпроизводи,
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jer se dobijaju iz namenskih proizvoda,
04:11
animalsЖивотиње or cadaversleševa.
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životinja ili leševa.
04:19
We used an appleјабука and it costтрошак penniespenije.
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Mi smo koristili jabuku
koja je koštala nekoliko centi.
04:22
What's alsoтакође really coolхладан here
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Ovde je zaista kul to
04:24
is it's not that hardтешко
to make these things.
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da nije uopšte teško
da se ove stvari naprave.
04:27
The equipmentопрема you need
can be builtизграђен from garbageсмеће,
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Oprema koja vam je potrebna
može se napraviti iz smeća
04:30
and the keyкључ processingобрада stepкорак
only requiresзахтева soapсапун and waterвода.
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i ključni korak u obradi
zahteva samo sapun i vodu.
04:34
So what we did was put all
the instructionsупутства onlineонлине as openотворен sourceизвор.
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Mi smo sva uputstva za ovo
stavili na internet kao otvorena.
04:39
And then we foundedоснован
a mission-drivenzasnovanih na misiju companyкомпанија,
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Onda smo osnovali
kompaniju sa misijom
04:41
and we're developingразвој kitssetovi
to make it easierлакше
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i razvijamo komplete da olakšamo
04:43
for anyoneбило ко with a sinkлавабо
and a solderinglemljenje ironгвожђе
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svakom sa sudoperom i lemilicom
04:46
to make these things at home.
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da ove stvari napravi kod kuće.
04:48
What I'm really curiousрадознао
about is if one day,
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Zaista me zanima da li će jednog dana
04:52
it will be possibleмогуће to repairпоправка, rebuildобновити
and augmentpojacao our ownвластити bodiesтела
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biti moguće da se poprave, iznova naprave
i poboljšaju naša tela
04:57
with stuffствари we make in the kitchenкухиња.
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uz pomoć stvari koje pravimo u kuhinji.
05:01
SpeakingKad smo kod of kitchenskuhinje,
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Kad smo već kod kuhinja,
05:03
here'sево some asparagusasparagus.
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evo malo špargle.
05:05
They're tastyukusno, and they make
your peeпишкити smellмирис funnyсмешно.
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Ukusna je i od nje vam urin čudno miriše.
05:08
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
05:09
Now, I was in my kitchenкухиња,
and I was noticingпримећујем
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Bio sam u kuhinji i primetio sam
05:12
that when you look down
the stalksstabljike of these asparagusasparagus,
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da kada pogledate na stabljike špargle,
05:14
what you can see
are all these tinyситни little vesselsпосуде.
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možete videti sićušne rupe.
05:17
And when we imageслика them in the labлаб,
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Kada ih prikažemo u laboratoriji,
05:19
you can see how the celluloseCeluloza
formsобразаца these structuresструктуре.
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možete videti kako celuloza
stvara ove strukture.
05:22
This imageслика remindsподсећа me of two things:
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Ova slika podseća me na dve stvari:
05:25
our bloodкрв vesselsпосуде
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naše krvne sudove
05:27
and the structureструктура and organizationорганизација
of our nervesнерви and spinalспинална cordкабл.
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i strukturu i organizaciju
naših nerava i kičmene moždine.
05:31
So here'sево the questionпитање:
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Evo pitanja:
05:33
Can we growрасту axonsaxona and neuronsнеурона
down these channelsканали?
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možemo li uzgajati aksone i neurone
unutar ovih kanala?
05:38
Because if we can,
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Jer ako možemo,
05:39
then maybe we can use asparagusasparagus
to formобразац newново connectionsвезе
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onda možda možemo koristiti šparglu
za stvaranje novih veza
05:44
betweenизмеђу the endsКрајеви of damagedоштећено
and severedotkinuta nervesнерви.
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između krajeva
oštećenih i prekinutih nerava.
05:47
Or maybe even a spinalспинална cordкабл.
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Ili možda čak u kičmenoj moždini.
05:50
Don't get me wrongпогрешно --
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Da ne bude zabune -
05:51
this is exceptionallyizuzetno challengingизазован
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ovo je veoma izazovno
05:53
and really hardтешко work to do,
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i teško za postići,
05:55
and we are not the only onesоне
workingрад on this.
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i mi nismo jedini koji rade na ovome.
05:58
But we are the only onesоне usingКористећи asparagusasparagus.
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Ali jesmo jedini koji koriste šparglu.
06:01
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
06:04
Right now, we'veми смо got
really promisingобећавајуће pilotпилот dataподаци.
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Trenutno imamo
obećavajuću ideju za početak.
06:07
And we're workingрад with tissueткиво engineersинжењери
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I radimo sa inženjerima za tkivo
06:09
and neurosurgeonsneurohirurzi
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i neurohirurzima
06:10
to find out what's actuallyзаправо possibleмогуће.
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da bismo otkrili šta je zaista moguće.
06:12
So listen, all of the work I've shownпоказано you,
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Slušajte, sve što sam vam pokazao,
06:15
the stuffствари that I've builtизграђен
that's all around me on this stageфаза
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stvari koje sam napravio
oko sebe na ovoj sceni
06:18
and the other projectsпројеката
my labлаб is involvedукључени in
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i svi drugi projekti u koje sam uključen,
06:21
are all a directдиректан resultрезултат
of me playingиграње with your garbageсмеће.
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sve je direktan rezultat
mog igranja vašim smećem.
06:25
PlayIgra -- playигра is a keyкључ partдео
of my scientificнаучно practiceпракса.
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Igranje - igranje je ključna reč
u mom bavljenju naukom.
06:31
It's how I trainвоз my mindум
to be unconventionalнеконвенционално and to be creativeкреативан
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Tako treniram svoj um
da bude netipičan i kreativan
06:35
and to decideодлучити to make humanљудско appleјабука earsуши.
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i da odluči da pravi
ljudske uši od jabuka.
06:38
So, the nextследећи time any of you
are looking at some oldстари,
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Tako da narednog puta kada neko od vas
06:43
broken-downslomljeni, malfunctioningu kvaru,
piece-of-crapusrani komad technologyтехнологија,
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gleda neki komad stare, polomljene,
pokvarene tehnologije,
06:47
I want you to think of me.
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setite se mene.
06:50
Because I want it.
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Jer ga želim.
06:51
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
06:52
SeriouslyOzbiljno, please find any way
to get in touchдодирни with me,
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Ozbiljno, pronađite bilo koji način
da stupite u kontakt sa mnom
06:56
and let's see what we can buildизградити.
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i videćemo šta možemo da napravimo.
06:58
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
06:59
(ApplauseAplauz)
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(Aplauz)
Translated by Mile Živković
Reviewed by Milenka Okuka

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Pelling - Biohacker
Andrew Pelling's unconventional and creative scientific process is founded on play.

Why you should listen

Scientist, professor, entrepreneur and TED Fellow Andrew Pelling has built a career on unapologetic curiosity, creativity and serendipity. He is a professor and Canada Research Chair at the University of Ottawa, where he founded and directs a curiosity-driven research lab that brings together artists, scientists, social scientists and engineers. The lab uses low-cost, open source materials and methods to explore speculative living technologies of the future. He has, for instance, created human body parts made from plants and grown living skins on LEGOs -- innovations with the potential to replace prohibitively expensive commercial biomaterials.

Pelling is also the co-founder and CTO of Spiderwort Inc., a mission driven company developing open source platforms to enable the widespread and global adoption of biological research in all environments and economic contexts. Most recently, he founded pHacktory, a street-level research lab in Ottawa that amplifies community ideas through a potent mixture of craft, serendipity and curiosity.

Pelling's work has been in the international media spotlight for many years, with recognition in outlets such as Wired, Huffington Post, NPR, Scientific American, Popular Science, BBC, Der Spiegel, Deutsche Welle and others, as well as numerous highlights in the Canadian media and Scientific media. He was named a TED Fellow in 2016.

More profile about the speaker
Andrew Pelling | Speaker | TED.com

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