TED2004
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi: Flow, the secret to happiness
Mihalj Čiksentmihalji o flow-u (očaravajuća obuzetost)
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Mihalj Čiksentmihalji (Mihaly Czikszentmihalyi) postavlja pitanje ''Šta čini život vrednim življenja?'', ističući da nas novac ne može usrećiti, u prvi plan ističe one koji su pronašli sreću i trajno zadovoljstvo u aktivnostima koje ih dovode u stanja ekstaze, stanja flow-a.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - Positive psychologist
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has contributed pioneering work to our understanding of happiness, creativity, human fulfillment and the notion of "flow" -- a state of heightened focus and immersion in activities such as art, play and work. Full bio
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi has contributed pioneering work to our understanding of happiness, creativity, human fulfillment and the notion of "flow" -- a state of heightened focus and immersion in activities such as art, play and work. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I grew up in Europe, and World War II caught me
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Odrastao sam u Evropi i u vreme Drugog svetskog rata
00:17
when I was between seven and 10 years old.
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imao sam izmedju 7 i 10 godina.
00:21
And I realized how few of the grown-ups that I knew
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Primetio sam kako je veoma mali broj odraslih oko mene
00:28
were able to withstand the tragedies that the war visited on them --
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uspeo da izdrži tragedije koje im je rat doneo,
00:38
how few of them could even resemble a normal, contented,
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kako je veoma mali broj njih uspeo da održi koliko toliko normalan, ispunjavajući,
00:46
satisfied, happy life once their job, their home, their security
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srećan život, nakon što su im domovi, posao i sigurnost
00:55
was destroyed by the war.
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uništeni ratom.
00:57
So I became interested in understanding
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Tako sam počeo da tragam
01:00
what contributed to a life that was worth living.
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za onim što čini život vrednim življenja.
01:05
And I tried, as a child, as a teenager, to read philosophy
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Još kao dete, kao tinejdžer, čitao sam filozofiju,
01:11
and to get involved in art and religion and many other ways
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isprobao se u umetnosti, religiji i mnoštvu drugih stvari,
01:19
that I could see as a possible answer to that question.
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za koje sam mislio da mogu odgovoriti na to pitanje.
01:23
And finally I ended up encountering psychology by chance.
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Na kraju sam, sasvim slučajno, otkrio psihologiju.
01:32
I was at a ski resort in Switzerland without any money
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Zapravo, u to vreme sam bio u ski centru, u Švajcarskoj, i nisam imao dovoljno novca
01:37
to actually enjoy myself, because the snow had melted and
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da priuštim sebi malo zabave, jer sneg se otopio i...
01:45
I didn't have money to go to a movie. But I found that on the --
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... nisam imao dovoljno novca da odem u bioskop, ali sam čuo...
01:50
I read in the newspapers that there was to be a presentation
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... pročitao sam u novinama da će neki čovek održati predavanje
01:55
by someone in a place that I'd seen in the center of Zurich,
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u jednoj sali, u centru Ciriha,
02:01
and it was about flying saucers [that] he was going to talk.
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na kojem će se govoriti o letećim tanjirima.
02:07
And I thought, well, since I can't go to the movies,
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I pomislio sam, kad već ne mogu da odem u bioskop,
02:09
at least I will go for free to listen to flying saucers.
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barem mogu da odem da, za džabe, slušam o letećim tanjirima.
02:15
And the man who talked at that evening lecture was very interesting.
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Čovek koji je držao predavanje te večeri je bio veoma zanimljiv.
02:24
Instead of talking about little green men,
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I... u stvari, umesto da priča o ''malim zelenim'',
02:27
he talked about how the psyche of the Europeans
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pričao je o tome kako su Evropljani
02:32
had been traumatized by the war, and now they're projecting
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u stvari traumirani ratom i kako, pod uticajem tih trauma, projektuju
02:36
flying saucers into the sky.
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i tako viđaju leteće tanjire, nešto kao...
02:40
He talked about how the mandalas of ancient Hindu religion
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... govorio je o tome kako ljudi, u stvari, projektuju hinduističke mandale
02:45
were kind of projected into the sky as an attempt to regain
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na nebo, kako bi uspeli da barem nekako
02:52
some sense of order after the chaos of war.
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unesu malo smisla i reda u život, nakon haosa koji su pretrpeli za vreme rata.
02:56
And this seemed very interesting to me.
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I bilo mi je veoma zanimljivo to što je govorio,
02:59
And I started reading his books after that lecture.
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pa sam počeo da čitam njegove knjige nakon tog predavanja.
03:02
And that was Carl Jung, whose name or work I had no idea about.
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Taj čovek, o čijem radu i idejama tada nisam imao pojma, bio je, zapravo, Karl Jung.
03:10
Then I came to this country to study psychology
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Nakon toga sam se doselio u Ameriku, počeo da studiram psihologiju
03:13
and I started trying to understand the roots of happiness.
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i nastavio sa pokušajima da razumem odakle sreća potiče.
03:20
This is a typical result that many people have presented,
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Ovo su rezultati ispitivanja, naravno ono što je većina ljudi odgovorila
03:25
and there are many variations on it.
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i postoji više ovakvih primera sa raznim varijacijama.
03:28
But this, for instance, shows that about 30 percent of the people
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Ali ovo, na primer, pokazuje da otprilike 30 procenata od ljudi
03:32
surveyed in the United States since 1956
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ispitivanih u SAD, od 1956.
03:36
say that their life is very happy.
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tvrdi da vodi srećan život.
03:40
And that hasn't changed at all.
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I taj podatak se nije menjao.
03:42
Whereas the personal income,
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Iako su se od tada lična primanja,
03:44
on a scale that has been held constant to accommodate for inflation,
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koja su uzeta u obzir kao konstantna skala, sa uračunatim dejstvom inflacije,
03:50
has more than doubled, almost tripled, in that period.
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udvostručila, čak i utrostručila.
03:54
But you find essentially the same results,
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Još uvek, dakle, nailazimo na iste rezultate,
03:58
namely, that after a certain basic point -- which corresponds more or less
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naime, da nakon prelaska određene tačke, koja odgovara više - manje zaradi
04:03
to just a few 1,000 dollars above the minimum poverty level --
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od samo par hiljada dolara iznad granice siromaštva,
04:07
increases in material well-being don't seem to affect how happy people are.
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povećanje materijalnog blagostanja ne utiče značajno na to koliko su ljudi srećni.
04:14
In fact, you can find that the lack of basic resources,
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U stvari, uvek ćemo uočiti da nedostatak osnovnih, materijalnih resursa,
04:21
material resources, contributes to unhappiness,
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utiče na osećaj nezadovoljstva,
04:24
but the increase in material resources does not increase happiness.
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ali sa druge strane, povećanje materijalnih resursa ne utiče na veći osećaj zadovoljstva.
04:30
So my research has been focused more on --
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S toga je moje istraživanje više skoncentrisano na...
04:35
after finding out these things that actually corresponded
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... nakon što sam otkrio stvari koje su se stvarno poklopile sa
04:42
to my own experience, I tried to understand:
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mojim iskustvom, pokušao sam da shvatim šta u stvari doprinosi tome da se,
04:45
where -- in everyday life, in our normal experience --
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tokom svakodnevnog, normalnog života,
04:51
do we feel really happy?
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osećamo stvarno zadovoljnim, stvarno srećnim.
04:54
And to start
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I kako bih konačno odgovorio na to pitanje...
04:58
those studies about 40 years ago, I began to look at creative people --
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u tim studijama, od pre 40 godina, tražio sam kreativne ljude,
05:03
first artists and scientists, and so forth -- trying to understand
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umetnike, naučnike i druge... trudeći se da razumem
05:09
what made them feel that it was worth essentially spending their life
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šta ih je to tačno ubedilo da je baš to čime se bave vredno ulaganja,
05:19
doing things for which many of them didn't expect either fame or fortune,
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zašto se bave nečim od čega, u većini slučajeva, ne očekuju slavu ili bogatstvo,
05:25
but which made their life meaningful and worth doing.
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a opet imaju osećaj da rade nešto značajno, i u tome vide smisao svog života.
05:30
This was one of the leading composers of American music back in the '70s.
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Ovaj čovek je bio jedan od vodećih kompozitora, u davnim 70 - im,
05:36
And the interview was 40 pages long.
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i intervju sa njim je stao na 40 strana.
05:39
But this little excerpt is a very good summary
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Ovo ovde je samo mali siže koji, opet, veoma lepo prikazuje suštinu
05:43
of what he was saying during the interview.
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onoga što je rekao tokom tog intervjua,
05:47
And it describes how he feels when composing is going well.
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gde je opisano tačno kako se oseća kada komponovanje ide kako treba.
05:52
And he says by describing it as an ecstatic state.
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Ovo stanje on opisuje kao stanje ekstaze.
05:56
Now, "ecstasy" in Greek meant
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U antičkoj Grčkoj ovaj izraz je označavao
05:58
simply to stand to the side of something.
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čistu posvećenost nečemu, opredeljenje za nešto,
06:01
And then it became essentially an analogy for a mental state
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dok se danas koristi da opiše mentalno stanje
06:08
where you feel that you are not doing your ordinary everyday routines.
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u kojem se čovek oseća oslobođenim svakodnevne rutine.
06:14
So ecstasy is essentially a stepping into an alternative reality.
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Ekstaza zapravo predstavlja doživljaj drugačije, nove realnosti.
06:20
And it's interesting, if you think about it, how, when we think about
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Veoma je zanimljivo, ako se osvrnemo
06:25
the civilizations that we look up to as having been pinnacles of human achievement --
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na civilizacije koje doživljavamo kao odgovorne za razvoj čovečanstva i na koje se ugledamo,
06:31
whether it's China, Greece, the Hindu civilization,
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bilo da je to Kina, Grčka, Indija,
06:36
or the Mayas, or Egyptians -- what we know about them
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Maje ili Egipćani.... videćemo da ono što znamo o njima
06:41
is really about their ecstasies, not about their everyday life.
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jesu zapravo njihova stanja ekstaze, pre nego svakodnevni život.
06:46
We know the temples they built, where people could come
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Znamo puno o njihovim hramovima, gde ljudi i danas mogu otići
06:49
to experience a different reality.
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kako bi osetili trunku te drugačije realnosti.
06:51
We know about the circuses,
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Upoznati smo sa cirkusima,
06:54
the arenas, the theaters.
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arenama, pozorištima...
06:57
These are the remains of civilizations and they are the places that people went
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sa svim onim mestima na koje su ljudi odlazili
07:05
to experience life in a more concentrated, more ordered form.
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kako bi osetili život u smislenijoj, sređenijoj formi.
07:14
Now, this man doesn't need to go to a place like this,
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Ovaj kompozitor o kome sam pričao malo pre, nema potrebu za odlaskom na ovakva mesta...
07:18
which is also -- this place, this arena, which is built
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... i ovo mesto, ova sala u kojoj smo sada, koja je napravljena
07:22
like a Greek amphitheatre, is a place for ecstasy also.
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po ugledu na grčke amfiteatre, takođe je mesto na kom se može osetiti ekstaza.
07:26
We are participating in a reality that is different
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Trenutno učestvujemo u realnosti koja odskače
07:30
from that of the everyday life that we're used to.
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od one na koju smo navikli u svakodnevnom životu.
07:33
But this man doesn't need to go there.
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Ali ovom čoveku to nije potrebno.
07:36
He needs just a piece of paper where he can put down little marks,
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Sve što mu treba jeste parče papira, na koji može upisati male oznake
07:42
and as he does that, he can imagine sounds
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i dok to radi, on zamišlja zvukove
07:48
that had not existed before in that particular combination.
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koji do tada nisu ni postojali.
07:52
So once he gets to that point of beginning to create,
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Taj momenat u kome on počinje da stvara tu novu realnost,
07:58
like Jennifer did in her improvisation,
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kao što je Dženifer uradila u svojoj improvizaciji,
08:01
a new reality -- that is, a moment of ecstasy --
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to je momenat ekstaze.
08:06
he enters that different reality.
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On se upušta u tu novu realnost
08:09
Now he says also that this is so intense an experience
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i taj osećaj opisuje kao toliko intenzivan
08:13
that it feels almost as if he didn't exist.
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da skoro kao da ima osećaj da ne postoji.
08:16
And that sounds like a kind of a romantic exaggeration.
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To mi zvuči malčice kao romantično preterivanje,
08:22
But actually, our nervous system is incapable of processing
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ali zapravo, naš nervni sistem nije u stanju da obradi
08:26
more than about 110 bits of information per second.
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više od 110 delića informacija u sekundi.
08:31
And in order to hear me and understand what I'm saying,
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Trenutno vam je potrebno da obradite otprilike 60 delića u sekundi
08:35
you need to process about 60 bits per second.
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kako bi ste razumeli ovo što govorim.
08:39
That's why you can't hear more than two people.
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Zato, recimo, ne možete slušati više od dvoje ljudi u isto vreme,
08:42
You can't understand more than two people talking to you.
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ne možete razumeti šta više od dvoje ljudi u isto vreme govori.
08:45
Well, when you are really involved in this completely engaging process
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S obzirom na to, kada se nalazite u ovakvom stanju apsolutne posvećenosti
08:56
of creating something new, as this man is,
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stvaranju nečega novog, kao ovaj čovek,
08:59
he doesn't have enough attention left over to monitor
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ne ostaje vam dovoljno pažnje da pratite
09:05
how his body feels, or his problems at home.
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osećaje u sopstvenom telu ili da razmišljate o problemima kod kuće.
09:09
He can't feel even that he's hungry or tired.
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U ovom stanju on neće osetiti ni da je gladan ili umoran,
09:12
His body disappears,
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njegovo telo nestaje,
09:15
his identity disappears from his consciousness,
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njegov identitet se povlači iz svesti,
09:20
because he doesn't have enough attention, like none of us do,
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jer u tom momentu on, kao i bilo ko od nas, nema dovoljno kapaciteta da
09:24
to really do well something that requires a lot of concentration,
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radi nešto toliko zahtevno, kao što je komponovanje
09:30
and at the same time to feel that he exists.
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i da u isto vreme oseća da postoji.
09:32
So existence is temporarily suspended.
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U tom momentu, postojanje je privremeno skrajnuto.
09:37
And he says that his hand seems to be moving by itself.
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On tvrdi i da ima osećaj kao da mu se ruka kreće sama.
09:43
Now, I could look at my hand for two weeks, and I wouldn't feel
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Sad, ja bih mogao da posmatram svoju ruku nedeljama i ne bih doživeo nikakvo
09:51
any awe or wonder, because I can't compose. (Laughter)
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slično čudo, jer ja ne umem da komponujem.
09:55
So what it's telling you here
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Dakle, šta nam to u stvari govori,
09:57
is that obviously this automatic,
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u ostatku intervjua vidimo da je ovo što on opisuje očito automatski,
10:04
spontaneous process that he's describing can only happen to someone
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spontani proces, koji se može dogoditi samo osobi
10:09
who is very well trained and who has developed technique.
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koja je dobro uvežbana i koja je razvila određene tehnike.
10:13
And it has become a kind of a truism in the study of creativity
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Čak su i studije kreativnosti usvojile mišljenje da
10:20
that you can't be creating anything with less than 10 years
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ne možete stvoriti ništa bez najmanje 10 godina
10:25
of technical-knowledge immersion in a particular field.
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vežbanja i sticanja tehničkog znanja iz te oblasti.
10:31
Whether it's mathematics or music, it takes that long
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Bilo da je u pitanju matematika ili muzika - potebno je toliko vremena
10:36
to be able to begin to change something in a way that it's better
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da bi ste bili sposobni da promenite nešto u toj oblasti, tako da bude bolje
10:44
than what was there before.
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nego što je bilo pre.
10:47
Now, when that happens,
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Ovaj kompozitor kaže da, kada zapadne u ovo stanje,
10:49
he says the music just flows out.
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kaže da muzika samo ističe iz njega.
10:51
And because all of these people I started interviewing --
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Svi ljudi koje sam intervjuisao-
10:55
this was an interview which is over 30 years old --
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- ovo je intervju star preko 30 godina -
11:01
so many of the people described this as a spontaneous flow
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su opisali ova stanja kao spontano proticanje
11:05
that I called this type of experience the "flow experience."
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i zato ovu vrstu iskustva nazivam ''iskustvom proticanja''.
11:10
And it happens in different realms.
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Ono se odvija na različitim nivoima.
11:13
For instance, a poet describes it in this form.
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Na primer, pesnik to opisuje ovako...
11:17
This is by a student of mine who interviewed
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Ovo su intervjui koje je radio jedan moj student
11:20
some of the leading writers and poets in the United States.
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sa vodećim piscima i pesnicima u SAD-u.
11:23
And it describes the same effortless, spontaneous feeling
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U njima su opisana ta spontana osećanja
11:29
that you get when you enter into this ecstatic state.
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koja se javljaju u stanjima ekstaze.
11:32
This poet describes it as opening a door that floats in the sky --
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Jedan od pesnika opisuje to kao otvaranje vrata koja lebde u vazduhu -
11:37
a very similar description to what Albert Einstein gave
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- opis sličan onome koji je dao Albert Ajnštajn
11:40
as to how he imagined the forces of relativity,
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kada je opisivao kako je zamišljao sile relativiteta,
11:46
when he was struggling with trying to understand how it worked.
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dok se borio da shvati kako funkcionišu.
11:50
But it happens in other activities.
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Slično se dešava i u drugim aktivnostima.
11:55
For instance, this is another student of mine,
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Ovo je primer rada jednog mog drugog studenta,
11:57
Susan Jackson from Australia, who did work
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Suzane Džekson, iz Australije, koja je radila
12:01
with some of the leading athletes in the world.
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sa vodećim svetskim sportistima.
12:05
And you see here in this description of an Olympic skater,
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Možete videti da opis koji je dao klizač Olimpijskog ranga
12:09
the same essential description of the phenomenology
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sadrži iste elemente ovog fenomena
12:12
of the inner state of the person.
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koji se odigrava unutar svih ovih osoba.
12:14
You don't think; it goes automatically,
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U tom momentu ne mislite o tome da li se to dešava automatski
12:17
if you merge yourself with the music, and so forth.
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već se stopite sa muzikom... i tako dalje.
12:21
It happens also, actually, in the most recent book I wrote,
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To se takođe dešava i u situacijama koje sam opisao u svojoj poslednjoj knjizi,
12:25
called "Good Business," where I interviewed some of the CEOs
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''Dobar Posao'', u kojoj se nalaze intervjui sa nekim od korporativnih direktora
12:28
who had been nominated by their peers as being both very successful
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koji su bili nagrađeni u isto vreme za uspeh u poslu
12:33
and very ethical, very socially responsible.
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i etičnost i socijalnu odgovornost.
12:36
You see that these people define success
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Ovde vidite da ljudi definišu uspeh kao nešto
12:40
as something that helps others and at the same time
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što može pomoći drugima i u isto vreme
12:45
makes you feel happy as you are working at it.
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usrećiti i vas.
12:48
And like all of these successful and responsible CEOs say,
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I kao što kažu svi gore navedeni direktori
12:55
you can't have just one of these things be successful
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ne možete biti zadovoljni i uspešni ako imate samo jedan od ovih kvaliteta.
13:02
if you want a meaningful and successful job.
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Ako želite uspešan i smislen posao...
13:05
Anita Roddick is another one of these CEOs we interviewed.
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Anita Rodik je jedna od direktora koje sam intervjuisao.
13:10
She is the founder of Body Shop,
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Ona je osnivač Bodi Šopa, prodavnice kozmetike,
13:14
the natural cosmetics king.
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koja dominira u toj sferi.
13:16
It's kind of a passion that comes
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Ovo je vrsta strasti koja proizlazi iz toga
13:18
from doing the best and having flow while you're working.
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da dajete sve od sebe u poslu i pri tom doživljavate očaravajuću obuzetost.
13:22
This is an interesting little quote from Masaru Ibuka,
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Ovo je zanimljiv citat Masaru Ibukua,
13:26
who was at that time starting out Sony without any money,
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koji je u to vreme osnivao Sony, počevši od nule,
13:31
without a product -- they didn't have a product,
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tada još nisu imali nikakav proizvod,
13:33
they didn't have anything, but they had an idea.
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nisu imali ništa, osim ideje.
13:36
And the idea he had was to establish a place of work where engineers
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Ta njegova ideja je bila da osnuje mesto na kome će inženjeri
13:41
can feel the joy of technological innovation,
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moći da uživaju u tehnološkim novinama,
13:45
be aware of their mission to society and work to their heart's content.
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da imaju misiju ka društvu i da u isto vreme rade posao koji vole.
13:50
I couldn't improve on this as a good example
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Ne mogu navesti bolji primer toga
13:54
of how flow enters the workplace.
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kako se "flow" javlja u radnom okruženju.
13:57
Now, when we do studies --
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Kada izvodimo studije,
14:00
we have, with other colleagues around the world,
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a do sada smo, sa kolegama širom sveta,
14:04
done over 8,000 interviews of people -- from Dominican monks,
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sproveli preko 8,000 intervjua - počev od dominikanskih sveštenika,
14:09
to blind nuns, to Himalayan climbers, to Navajo shepherds --
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preko slepih monahinja, himalajanskih planinara, do Navaho pastira -
14:16
who enjoy their work.
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sve sa ljudima koji uživaju u svom poslu.
14:18
And regardless of the culture,
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Bez obzira na kulturu,
14:20
regardless of education or whatever, there are these seven conditions
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na obrazovanje ili bilo koji drugi faktor, postoji sedam faza
14:27
that seem to be there when a person is in flow.
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koje se uvek javljaju dok je osoba u stanju "flow-a."
14:31
There's this focus that, once it becomes intense,
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Prvi je osećaj fokusa, koji postaje intenzivniji
14:35
leads to a sense of ecstasy, a sense of clarity:
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i vodi ka osećaju ekstaze, osećaju jasnoće -
14:39
you know exactly what you want to do from one moment to the other;
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u tom momentu osoba tačno zna šta treba da radi
14:42
you get immediate feedback.
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i odmah dobija povratnu informaciju.
14:44
You know that what you need to do
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Osoba tada tačno zna da je to što treba da uradi
14:46
is possible to do, even though difficult,
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i moguće uraditi, iako se čini teško,
14:49
and sense of time disappears, you forget yourself,
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i osećaj za vreme nestaje, zaboravljate na sebe
14:52
you feel part of something larger.
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i osećate se delom nečega mnogo većeg.
14:55
And once the conditions are present,
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U takvom stanju, postaje jasno
14:58
what you are doing becomes worth doing for its own sake.
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da je to što radite samo po sebi vredno truda.
15:03
In our studies, we represent the everyday life of people in this simple scheme.
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U našim studijama prikazujemo svakodnevni život ljudi ovakvim šemama.
15:09
And we can measure this very precisely, actually,
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I ova merenja su veoma precizna,
15:13
because we give people electronic pagers that go off 10 times a day,
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jer svim tim ljudima dajemo pejdžere koji se aktiviraju 10 puta na dan,
15:17
and whenever they go off you say what you're doing, how you feel,
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i svaki taj put, osoba treba da nas izvesti o tome šta radi, kako se oseća u tom trenutku,
15:22
where you are, what you're thinking about.
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gde se nalazi, o čemu razmišlja.
15:24
And two things that we measure is the amount of challenge
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Tada obraćamo pažnju na dve stvari - na količinu izazova
15:27
people experience at that moment and the amount of skill
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koje doživljavaju u tim momentima i na količinu sposobnosti
15:31
that they feel they have at that moment.
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koju u tom trenutku osećaju da imaju.
15:34
So for each person we can establish an average,
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Tako za svaku osobu možemo izvući lični prosek,
15:37
which is the center of the diagram.
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koji se nalazi u centru dijagrama.
15:40
That would be your mean level of challenge and skill,
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I predstavlja, dakle, prosečan nivo izazova i sposobnosti
15:43
which will be different from that of anybody else.
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koji je svojstven samo toj osobi.
15:46
But you have a kind of a set point there, which would be in the middle.
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Takođe, svaka osoba ima određenu središnju tačku,
15:51
If we know what that set point is,
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i ako tu središnju tačku možemo pronaći,
15:53
we can predict fairly accurately when you will be in flow,
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možemo tačno predvideti kada će osoba biti u stanju "flow-a",
15:58
and it will be when your challenges are higher than average
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a to će se uvek desiti kada su njene sposobnosti i izazovi
16:01
and skills are higher than average.
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viši od prosečnih.
16:03
And you may be doing things very differently from other people,
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Čak iako određena osoba radi stvari mnogo drugačije od drugih,
16:07
but for everyone that flow channel, that area there,
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kod nje, kao kod svih ostalih, "flow" će se javiti
16:11
will be when you are doing what you really like to do --
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onda kada rade nešto što stvarno vole-
16:15
play the piano, be with your best friend, perhaps work,
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sviranje klavira, provođenje vremena sa prijateljem, ponekad čak i posao,
16:21
if work is what provides flow for you.
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ako je to ono što kod osobe pobuđuje "flow".
16:25
And then the other areas become less and less positive.
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Tada ostale stvari postaju sve manje bitne.
16:29
Arousal is still good because you are over-challenged there.
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Stanje uzbuđenja je intenzivno, zato što je izazov velik.
16:34
Your skills are not quite as high as they should be,
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Veštine ovde nisu na nivou na kom bi trebale biti,
16:36
but you can move into flow fairly easily
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ali možete postići "flow" veoma lako,
16:39
by just developing a little more skill.
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unapređivanjem tih veština.
16:42
So, arousal is the area where most people learn from,
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Polje uzbuđenja je ono u kome većina ljudi stiče znanje,
16:46
because that's where they're pushed beyond their comfort zone
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jer u tom polju bivaju gurnuti van granica komfora
16:52
and to enter that -- going back to flow --
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i tako, vraćajući se u stanja "flow-a",
16:55
then they develop higher skills.
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razvijaju svoje veštine.
16:57
Control is also a good place to be,
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Stanje kontrole je isto tako dobro,
17:01
because there you feel comfortable, but not very excited.
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jer se tu osećate komotno, bez preteranih uzbuđenja.
17:05
It's not very challenging any more.
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Tu nema izazova.
17:08
And if you want to enter flow from control,
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I ako hoćete da postignete "flow" iz stanja kontrole
17:10
you have to increase the challenges.
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samo treba da povećate izazove.
17:13
So those two are ideal and complementary areas
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Dakle, ova dva polja su idealna
17:17
from which flow is easy to go into.
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za lako postizanje "flow-a".
17:21
The other combinations of challenge and skill
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Ostale kombinacije izazova i veština
17:24
become progressively less optimal.
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gube na optimalnosti vremenom.
17:27
Relaxation is fine -- you still feel OK.
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Odmaranje je dobro - tada se osećate prijatno.
17:29
Boredom begins to be very aversive
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Dosada brzo budi averziju,
17:34
and apathy becomes very negative:
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a apatija ima veoma negativno dejstvo -
17:38
you don't feel that you're doing anything,
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tada nemate osećaj da radite bilo šta,
17:42
you don't use your skills, there's no challenge.
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ne koristite svoje sposobnosti i nemate nikakvih izazova.
17:44
Unfortunately, a lot of people's experience is in apathy.
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Na žalost, dosta ljudskog iskustva se vezuje za apatiju.
17:49
The largest single contributor to that experience
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Najčešće takvo iskustvo je
17:56
is watching television; the next one is being in the bathroom, sitting.
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gledanje televizije, ili čak boravak u kupatilu.
18:02
Even though sometimes watching television
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Iako 7 - 8 posto vremena provedenog u gledanju televizije
18:08
about seven to eight percent of the time is in flow,
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jeste zapravo stanje "flow-a",
18:12
but that's when you choose a program you really want to watch
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on se neće desiti ako ne gledate kanal koji stvarno želite
18:15
and you get feedback from it.
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i od koga dobijate ono što vam treba.
18:18
So the question we are trying to address -- and I'm way over time --
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Dakle, pitanje koje pokušavam da postavim - a već sam prekoračio vreme-
18:24
is how to put more and more of everyday life in that flow channel.
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jeste kako da sve više i više svakodnevnih stvari postavimo tako da vode u "flow".
18:30
And that is the kind of challenge that we're trying to understand.
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Pronaći odgovor na to predstavlja veliki izazov za nas.
18:35
And some of you obviously know how to do that spontaneously
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Neki od vas verovatno znaju kako da to spontano postignu,
18:38
without any advice, but unfortunately a lot of people don't.
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bez ikakvog saveta, ali na žalost dosta ljudi to ne ume.
18:42
And that's what our mandate is, in a way, to do.
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Naš zadatak je, stoga da pomognemo tim ljudima. Ok.
18:48
Thank you.
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Hvala na pažnji.
18:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi - Positive psychologistMihaly Csikszentmihalyi has contributed pioneering work to our understanding of happiness, creativity, human fulfillment and the notion of "flow" -- a state of heightened focus and immersion in activities such as art, play and work.
Why you should listen
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi says creativity is a central source of meaning in our lives. A leading researcher in positive psychology, he has devoted his life to studying what makes people truly happy: "When we are involved in [creativity], we feel that we are living more fully than during the rest of life." He is the architect of the notion of "flow" -- the creative moment when a person is completely involved in an activity for its own sake.
Csikszentmihalyi teaches psychology and management at Claremont Graduate University, focusing on human strengths such as optimism, motivation and responsibility. He's the director the Quality of Life Research Center there. He has written numerous books and papers about the search for joy and fulfillment.
Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi | Speaker | TED.com