TED2006
Nicholas Negroponte: One Laptop per Child
Nikolas Negroponte: Jedan laptop po detetu
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Nikolas Negroponte, osnivač Medijske laboratorije na Institutu za tehnologiju u Masačusetsu (MIT), opisuje kako će tokom projekta "Jedan laptop po detetu" biti napravljeni i podeljeni "laptop računari od 100$"
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
I've been at MIT for 44 years.
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Na MIT-u sam već 44 godine. Bio sam na prvom TED-u.
00:27
I went to TED I.
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Mislim da je ovde samo još jedna osoba koja je to uradila.
00:29
There's only one other person here,
I think, who did that.
I think, who did that.
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Na svim drugim TED-ovima - išao sam na sve, dok je Riki bio glavni -
00:32
All the other TEDs --
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00:33
and I went to them all,
under Ricky's regime --
under Ricky's regime --
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govorio sam o tome čime se bavi Medijska laboratorija
00:36
I talked about
what the Media Lab was doing,
what the Media Lab was doing,
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00:38
which today has almost 500 people in it.
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koja danas ima skoro 500 ljudi.
Ako čitate novine, prošle nedelje je pisalo da sam napustio Medijsku laboratoriju.
00:41
And if you read the press,
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00:43
last week it actually said
I quit the Media Lab.
I quit the Media Lab.
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00:45
I didn't quit the Media Lab,
I stepped down as chairman --
I stepped down as chairman --
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Nisam je napustio, ali nisam više predsedavajući -
što je donekle smešna titula, ali neko drugi ju je preuzeo,
00:50
which was a kind of ridiculous title,
but someone else has taken it on --
but someone else has taken it on --
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00:54
and one of the things
you can do as a professor
you can do as a professor
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a ono što kao profesor možete
jeste da ostanete da predajete.
00:56
is you stay on as a professor.
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00:58
And I will now do for the rest of my life
the One Laptop Per Child,
the One Laptop Per Child,
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Do kraja života ću se baviti projektom "Jedan laptop po detetu"
što već i radim nekih godinu i po dana.
01:03
which I've sort of been doing
for a year and a half, anyway.
for a year and a half, anyway.
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Pričaću vam o tome, iskoristiću
01:06
So I'm going to tell you about this,
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svojih 18 minuta da kažem zašto to radim,
01:07
use my 18 minutes
to tell you why we're doing it,
to tell you why we're doing it,
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kako radimo i šta radimo.
01:12
how we're doing it
and then what we're doing.
and then what we're doing.
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U nekom trenutku ću proslediti da
01:14
And at some point I'll even pass around
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vidite kako bi izgledao laptop za 100 dolara.
01:17
what the $100 laptop might be like.
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Kris me je zamolio da pričam o nekim bitnim stvarima,
01:23
I was asked by Chris
to talk about some of the big issues,
to talk about some of the big issues,
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pa sam mislio da počnem sa tri stvari koje su me navele na ovo.
01:26
and so I figured I'd start with the three
that at least drove me to do this.
that at least drove me to do this.
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01:31
And the first is pretty obvious.
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Prva je prilično očigledna.
Neverovatno je kad upoznate nekog predsednika i pitate
01:34
It's amazing when you meet
a head of state, and you say,
a head of state, and you say,
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"Šta vam je najvredniji prirodni resurs?"
01:37
"What is your most precious
natural resource?"
natural resource?"
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Isprva neće reći deca, ali kad
01:40
They will not say "children" at first,
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01:42
and then when you say, "children,"
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
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vi kažete deca, brzo će se složiti.
To nije veoma teško.
01:47
And so that isn't very hard.
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01:49
(Laughter)
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Kakva god da su rešenja velikih problema, svi se slažu
01:51
Everybody agrees that whatever
the solutions are to the big problems,
the solutions are to the big problems,
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da ona uključuju obrazovanje, nekad samo obrazovanje,
01:56
they include education,
sometimes can be just education
sometimes can be just education
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i to nikada ne može bez nekakvog obrazovanja.
02:01
and can never be without
some element of education.
some element of education.
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To je drugi razlog.
02:04
So that's certainly part of it.
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02:06
And the third
is a little bit less obvious.
is a little bit less obvious.
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Treći je malo manje očigledan.
A to je da smo svi ovde naučili kako da hodamo, govorimo,
02:09
And that is that we all in this room
learned how to walk, how to talk,
learned how to walk, how to talk,
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ne tako što su nas učili kako da govorimo i hodamo,
02:13
not by being taught how to talk,
or taught how to walk,
or taught how to walk,
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nego kroz interakciju sa svetom,
02:18
but by interacting with the world,
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dobijajući rezultate kao posledicu što možemo nešto da pitamo
02:20
by having certain results as a consequence
of being able to ask for something,
of being able to ask for something,
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02:24
or being able to stand up and reach it.
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ili što smo sposobni da ustanemo i dohvatimo.
02:26
Whereas at about the age six,
we were told to stop learning that way,
we were told to stop learning that way,
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Ali oko šeste godine nam je rečeno da prestanemo tako da učimo
02:30
and that all learning from then on
would happen through teaching,
would happen through teaching,
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i da će svo naredno učenje da dolazi kroz podučavanje,
bilo od ljudi koji stoje, kao ja sada, ili iz knjige ili slično.
02:34
whether it's people standing up,
like I'm doing now,
like I'm doing now,
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02:36
or a book, or something.
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Ali uglavnom kroz podučavanje.
02:38
But it was really through teaching.
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Jedna od stvari koju su računari omogućili za učenje
02:40
And one of the things in general
that computers have provided to learning
that computers have provided to learning
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02:45
is that it now includes a kind of learning
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je ta da ono uključuje način učenja koji
02:48
which is a little bit more
like walking and talking,
like walking and talking,
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malo više liči na hodanje i pričanje, u smislu
02:51
in the sense that a lot of it is driven
by the learner himself or herself.
by the learner himself or herself.
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da onaj koji uči sam pokreće mnogo toga.
Dakle sa tim principima -
02:58
So with those as the principles --
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neki od vas možda znaju Sejmura Paperta,
03:01
some of you may know Seymour Papert.
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03:03
This is back in 1982,
when we were working in Senegal.
when we were working in Senegal.
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još 1982. kada smo radili u Senegalu.
03:06
Because some people think that
the $100 laptop just happened a year ago,
the $100 laptop just happened a year ago,
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Jer neki misle da se laptop od 100 dolara desio pre godinu dana
ili dve godine ili nas je pogodio grom.
03:12
or two years ago,
or we were struck by lightning --
or we were struck by lightning --
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Ovo ustvari već dugo traje, zapravo od šezdesetih.
03:15
this actually has gone back a long time,
and in fact, back to the '60s.
and in fact, back to the '60s.
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Ovde smo u osamdesetim.
03:20
Here we're in the '80s.
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Stiv Džobs nam je dao neke laptopove, bili smo u Senegalu.
03:21
Steve Jobs had given us some laptops.
We were in Senegal.
We were in Senegal.
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Nije bilo velikih razmera, ali barem su računari stizali u zemlje u razvoju,
03:26
It didn't scale
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03:27
but it at least was bringing computers
to developing countries
to developing countries
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03:32
and learning pretty quickly
that these kids,
that these kids,
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i brzo smo shvatili da ova deca -
iako im engleski nije maternji jezik
03:35
even though English wasn't their language,
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i latinično pismo jedva da su poznavali,
03:37
the Latin alphabet
barely was their language,
barely was their language,
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ali su se snašli kao ribe u moru;
03:40
but they could just swim like fish.
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svirali su kao na klaviru.
03:42
They could play these like pianos.
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Nedavno sam se uključio i na ličnom nivou.
03:46
A little bit more recently,
I got involved personally.
I got involved personally.
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03:50
And these are two anecdotes --
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Imam dve anegdote - jednu iz Kambodže, u jednom
03:52
one was in Cambodia,
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selu koje nema struje, vode, televizije, telefona,
03:54
in a village that has no electricity,
no water, no television, no telephone,
no water, no television, no telephone,
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ali sada ima širokopojasni internet.
03:59
but has broadband Internet now.
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04:01
And these kids,
their first English word is "Google"
their first English word is "Google"
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Ovoj deci je prva engleska reč "Gugl"
i znaju samo za Skajp. Nisu čuli za telefon.
04:04
and they only know Skype.
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04:07
They've never heard of telephony.
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OK, koriste samo Skajp.
04:08
They just use Skype.
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Noću idu kući; imaju širokopojasni internet
04:11
And they go home at night --
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04:12
they've got a broadband connection
in a hut that doesn't have electricity.
in a hut that doesn't have electricity.
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u straćari koja nema struje.
04:16
The parents love it,
because when they open up the laptops,
because when they open up the laptops,
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Roditelji to obožavaju, jer kad se računari uključe,
to je najsjajniji izvor svetlosti u kući.
04:19
it's the brightest light source
in the house.
in the house.
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04:21
And talk about
where metaphors and reality mix --
where metaphors and reality mix --
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Kad već pričamo o mestu gde se realnost i metafore spajaju -
04:25
this is the actual school.
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ovo je ta škola.
04:28
In parallel with this,
Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine
Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine
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Uz ovo, Sejmur Papert je nagovorio guvernera Mejna
04:33
to legislate one laptop per child
in the year 2002.
in the year 2002.
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da ozakoni jedan laptop po detetu 2002 godine.
U to vreme, fer je reći da je 80% nastavnika bilo -
04:39
Now at the time, I think it's fair to say
that 80 percent of the teachers were --
that 80 percent of the teachers were --
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- reći ću, nesigurno.
04:44
let me say, apprehensive.
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04:45
Really, they were actually against it.
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Zapravo, bili su protiv toga.
04:47
And they really preferred
that the money would be used
that the money would be used
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Više bi voleli da su pare utrošene
na više plate, više škola, štagod.
04:50
for higher salaries,
more schools, whatever.
more schools, whatever.
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04:52
And now, three and a half
years later, guess what?
years later, guess what?
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Sada, tri i po godine kasnije, pogađajte!
04:56
They're reporting five things:
drop of truancy to almost zero,
drop of truancy to almost zero,
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Saopštavaju da se dešava pet stvari.
Izostajanje učenika palo skoro na nulu, roditeljski sastanci -
05:03
attending parent-teacher meetings --
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na koje niko nije išao, a sada idu skoro svi -
05:04
which nobody did
and now almost everybody does --
and now almost everybody does --
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pad disciplinskih problema, povećanje učeničke angažovanosti.
05:07
drop in discipline problems,
increase in student participation.
increase in student participation.
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05:11
Teachers are now saying
it's kind of fun to teach.
it's kind of fun to teach.
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Nastavnici sada kažu da je zabavno predavati;
deca su angažovana. Imaju laptopove.
05:13
Kids are engaged -- they have laptops! --
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A peta stvar, koja me najviše zanima,
05:17
and then the fifth,
which interests me the most,
which interests me the most,
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je ta da ponekad noću serveri moraju da se isključe
05:19
is that the servers have to be turned off
at certain times at night
at certain times at night
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05:22
because the teachers
are getting too much email
are getting too much email
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jer nastavnici dobijaju previše imejlova
od dece koja traže pomoć.
05:25
from the kids asking them for help.
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Kada vidite tako nešto, to nije nešto što je potrebno testirati.
05:27
So when you see that kind of thing --
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05:29
this is not something
that you have to test.
that you have to test.
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Dani pilot projekata su gotovi, kad ljudi kažu
05:31
The days of pilot projects are over,
when people say,
when people say,
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05:33
"We'd like to do three or four thousand
in our country to see how it works."
in our country to see how it works."
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"Voleli bismo da uradimo tri ili četiri hiljade u našoj zemlji da vidimo kako ide".
Nosite se. Stanite na kraj reda i neko drugi će uraditi,
05:37
Screw you. Go to the back of the line
and someone else will do it,
and someone else will do it,
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a kad shvatite da to radi, možete da se priključite.
05:41
and then when you figure out
that this works, you can join as well.
that this works, you can join as well.
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To je ono što mi radimo.
05:45
And this is what we're doing.
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(smeh) (aplauz)
05:48
(Laughter) (Applause)
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Dakle, "Laptop po detetu" smo počeli pre godinu i po dana.
05:50
So, One Laptop Per Child
was formed about a year and a half ago.
was formed about a year and a half ago.
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To je neprofitna organizacija; skupili smo oko 20 miliona dolara
05:55
It's a nonprofit association.
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05:57
It raised about 20 million dollars
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da osmislimo konfiguraciju, a onda naručimo proizvodnju.
05:59
to do the engineering
to just get this built,
to just get this built,
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06:03
and then have it produced afterwards.
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Količina je zaista bitna.
06:05
Scale is truly important.
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Ali nije bitna zato što komponente možete kupiti po nižoj ceni.
06:08
And it's not important because you can
buy components at a lower price, OK?
buy components at a lower price, OK?
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nego zato što možete otići do proizvođača -
06:14
It's because you can go
to a manufacturer --
to a manufacturer --
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izostaviću njegovo ime -
06:17
and I will leave the name out --
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ali želeli smo mali displej, boje ne moraju da budu savršene,
06:18
but we wanted a small display,
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06:22
doesn't have to have
perfect color uniformity.
perfect color uniformity.
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može i da nedostaje po koji piksel, ne mora da bude jako svetao.
06:26
It can even have a pixel or two missing.
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06:28
It doesn't have to be that bright.
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Ovaj proizvođač je rekao, "Pa, znate, mi
06:31
And this particular manufacturer said,
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06:33
"We're not interested in that.
We're interested in the living room.
We're interested in the living room.
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nismo zainteresovani. Zanima nas dnevna soba.
Zanimaju nas savršene boje.
06:36
We're interested
in perfect color uniformity.
in perfect color uniformity.
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Veliki ekrani, svetli ekrani.
06:38
We're interested in big displays,
bright displays.
bright displays.
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Niste deo našeg strateškog plana."
06:41
You're not part of our strategic plan."
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Rekao sam, "Pa, šteta, jer
06:44
And I said, "That's kind of too bad,
because we need 100 million units a year."
because we need 100 million units a year."
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nam je potrebno 100 miliona komada godišnje."
06:47
(Laughter)
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Rekli su, "O, pa možda možete postati deo našeg strateškog plana."
06:49
And they said, "Oh, well, maybe we could
become part of your strategic plan."
become part of your strategic plan."
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06:53
And that's why scale counts.
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Zato je količina važna.
06:55
And that's why we will not launch this
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I zato nećemo početi pre nego što budemo imali 5 do 10 miliona komada u prvoj turi.
06:58
without five to 10 million units
in the first run.
in the first run.
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Ideja je da počnemo sa dovoljno velikim brojem
07:02
And the idea is
to launch with enough scale
to launch with enough scale
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da sama količina pomogne u spuštanju cene
07:05
that the scale itself
helps bring the price down,
helps bring the price down,
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07:07
and that's why I said
seven to 10 million there.
seven to 10 million there.
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i zato sam tamo rekao sedam do deset miliona.
Radimo bez prodajnog i marketinškog tima.
07:11
And we're doing it
without a sales-and-marketing team.
without a sales-and-marketing team.
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Mislim, gledate u prodajni i marketinški tim.
07:14
I mean, you're looking
at the sales-and-marketing team.
at the sales-and-marketing team.
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07:17
We will do it by going
to seven large countries
to seven large countries
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Uradićemo to tako što ćemo otići u 7 velikih zemalja i ubediti ih da počnemo,
07:21
and getting them to agree and launch it,
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a ostale mogu da se priključe.
07:24
and then the others can follow.
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07:26
We have partners.
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Imamo partnere; nije teško pogoditi da će Gugl biti jedan,
07:28
It's not hard to guess
Google would be one.
Google would be one.
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ostali su još na čekanju.
07:30
The others are all playing to pending.
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Ovo je mnogo prisutno u medijima.
07:34
And this has been
in the press a great deal.
in the press a great deal.
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To je tzv Zelena Mašina koju smo sa Kofijem Ananom predstavili
07:36
It's the so-called Green Machine
that we introduced with Kofi Annan
that we introduced with Kofi Annan
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na Svetskom samitu u Tunisu, u novembru.
07:42
in November at the World Summit
that was held in Tunisia.
that was held in Tunisia.
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Kada ljudi obrate pažnju na ovo, kažu, aa, laptop projekat.
07:47
Now once people start looking at this,
they say, "Ah, this is a laptop project."
they say, "Ah, this is a laptop project."
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07:52
Well, no, it's not a laptop project.
It's an education project.
It's an education project.
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E pa, nije laptop projekat. Ovo je obrazovni projekat.
07:56
And the fun part --
and I'm quite focused on it --
and I'm quite focused on it --
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A zabavni deo - vrlo sam usmeren na to -
07:59
I tell people I used to be a light bulb,
but now I'm a laser --
but now I'm a laser --
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govorim ljudima da sam bio sijalica, a sad sam laser.
Samo ću napraviti tu stvar,
08:03
I'm just going to get that thing built,
and it turns out it's not so hard.
and it turns out it's not so hard.
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ispostavlja se da nije tako teško.
Jer ekonomija laptopa je sledeća:
08:10
Because laptop economics
are the following:
are the following:
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ovde kažem 50%; ustvari oko 60 procenata
08:13
I say 50 percent here --
it's more like 60,
it's more like 60,
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08:15
60 percent of the cost of your laptop
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cene laptopa je prodaja, marketing, distribucija i zarada.
08:17
is sales, marketing,
distribution and profit.
distribution and profit.
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08:20
Now we have none of those, OK?
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Mi nemamo ništa od toga.
Ništa od toga nije uračunato u našu cenu.
08:23
None of those figure into our cost,
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Jer prvo, mi ga prodajemo po ceni proizvodnje, a vlade ga distribuiraju.
08:26
because first of all, we sell it at cost,
and the governments distribute it.
and the governments distribute it.
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08:30
It gets distributed
to the school system like a textbook.
to the school system like a textbook.
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Distribuira se u školskom sistemu kao udžbenici.
08:34
So that piece disappears.
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Taj deo nestaje, a onda imate ekran i sve ostalo.
08:36
Then you have display and everything else.
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Ekran na našem laptopu košta, grubo rečeno,
08:39
Now the display on your laptop costs,
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08:42
in rough numbers,
10 dollars a diagonal inch.
10 dollars a diagonal inch.
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deset dolara po inču dijagonale.
08:47
That can drop to eight;
it can drop to seven
it can drop to seven
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To može da se smanji na osam, sedam,
08:49
but it's not going to drop to two,
or to one and a half,
or to one and a half,
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ali neće pasti na dva ili na jedan i po,
08:52
unless we do some pretty clever things.
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ukoliko ne uradimo nešto baš pametno.
Ostalo - ta mala braon kutija - je prilično fascinantno,
08:56
It's the rest -- that little brown box --
that is pretty fascinating,
that is pretty fascinating,
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jer je ostatak laptopa posvećen sam sebi.
09:01
because the rest of your laptop
is devoted to itself.
is devoted to itself.
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Otprilike kao gojazna osoba koja mora da koristi većinu
09:06
It's a little bit like an obese person
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09:09
having to use most of their energy
to move their obesity.
to move their obesity.
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svoje energije da pomera svoju gojaznost. Ok?
09:12
(Laughter)
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09:13
And we have a situation today
which is incredible.
which is incredible.
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Danas imamo izuzetnu situaciju.
Koristim laptopove od njihovog nastanka.
09:19
I've been using laptops
since their inception.
since their inception.
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Moj laptop radi sporije, manje pouzdano i prijatno nego ikad ranije.
09:22
And my laptop runs slower,
less reliably and less pleasantly
less reliably and less pleasantly
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09:27
than it ever has before.
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A ove godine je još gore.
09:30
And this year is worse.
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Ljudi sada aplaudiraju, nekad dobijem ovacije i kažem,
09:32
(Applause)
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09:33
People clap, sometimes
you even get standing ovations,
you even get standing ovations,
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09:36
and I say, "What the hell's wrong
with you? Why are we all sitting there?"
with you? Why are we all sitting there?"
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"Šta je bre s vama? Zašto svi sedimo ovde?"
09:40
And somebody -- to remain nameless --
called our laptop a "gadget" recently.
called our laptop a "gadget" recently.
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Neko, ko će ostati anoniman, nedavno je naš laptop nazvao spravicom.
Rekao sam, Bože, naš laptop će ići k'o alva.
09:46
And I said, "God, our laptop's going to go
like a bat out of hell.
like a bat out of hell.
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Kad ga otvorite, reći će "bing", uključiće se, koristiće se.
09:50
When you open it up,
it's going to go 'bing.'"
it's going to go 'bing.'"
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09:52
It'll be on.
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09:54
It'll be just like it was in 1985,
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Biće kao 1985. kada ste kupili Apple Macintosh 512.
09:57
when you bought an Apple Macintosh 512.
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Radio je veoma dobro.
10:02
It worked really well.
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Ali stalno idemo nizbrdo.
10:04
And we've been going steadily downhill.
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Sada ljudi stalno pitaju šta je to.
10:07
Now, people ask all the time what it is.
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Evo šta je.
10:11
That's what it is.
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Dva verovatno primetna dela su da će biti umreženi,
10:13
The two pieces that are probably notable:
it'll be a mesh network,
it'll be a mesh network,
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10:18
so when the kids open up their laptops,
they all become a network,
they all become a network,
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pa kad deca otvore svoje laptopove, svi će biti umreženi,
i biće im potrebne samo jedna ili dve pristupne tačke.
10:22
and then just need
one or two points of backhaul.
one or two points of backhaul.
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Sa dva megabita možete da opslužite par hiljada dece.
10:25
You can serve a couple of thousand kids
with two megabits.
with two megabits.
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Dakle možete uvesti u selo,
10:28
So you really can bring into a village,
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10:31
and then the villages
can connect themselves,
can connect themselves,
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a onda sela mogu da se povežu
i to se može dobro uraditi.
10:33
and you really can do it quite well.
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Ekran sa dvostrukom funkcijom - ideja je da imamo ekran koji radi i napolju -
10:36
The dual mode display --
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10:38
the idea is to have a display
that both works outdoors --
that both works outdoors --
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nije li zabavno koristiti mobilni telefon napolju na suncu?
10:43
isn't it fun using your cell phone
outdoors in the sunlight?
outdoors in the sunlight?
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Pa, ne možete ga videti.
10:47
Well, you can't see it.
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10:48
And one of the reasons you can't see it
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Jedan od razloga što ne možete da vidite je taj što ima pozadinsko svetlo,
10:50
is because it's backlighting
most of the time, most cell phones.
most of the time, most cell phones.
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većina mobilnih.
Mi pravimo tako da bude osvetljen iz pozadine i od napred.
10:54
Now, what we're doing is, we're doing one
that will be both frontlit and backlit.
that will be both frontlit and backlit.
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Videćemo da li će se to uključivati ručno ili softverski.
10:59
And whether you manually switch it
or you do it in the software
or you do it in the software
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11:03
is to be seen.
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Ali kad ima pozadinsko svetlo, u boji je,
11:04
But when it's backlit, it's color.
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11:06
And when it's frontlit,
it's black and white
it's black and white
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a kad je od napred onda je crno beli i tri puta veće rezolucije.
11:08
at three times the resolution.
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Da li je sve razrađeno? Ne.
11:10
Is it all worked out? No.
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11:13
That's why a lot of our people are
more or less living in Taiwan right now.
more or less living in Taiwan right now.
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Zato mnogo naših ljudi manje više trenutno živi u Tajvanu.
11:18
And in about 30 days,
we'll know for sure whether this works.
we'll know for sure whether this works.
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Za nekih 30 dana znaćemo sa sigurnošću da li to radi.
Verovatno je najvažnije to da
11:22
Probably the most important piece there
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deca stvarno mogu da ga održavaju.
11:27
is that the kids
really can do the maintenance.
really can do the maintenance.
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Ovo je još nešto u šta ljudi ne veruju,
11:30
And this is again something
that people don't believe,
that people don't believe,
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ali mislim da je prilično istinito.
11:33
but I really think it's quite true.
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To je računar koji smo predstavili u Tunisu,
11:36
That's the machine we showed in Tunis.
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a ovo je pravac u kom ćemo se kretati.
11:41
This is more the direction
that we're going to go.
that we're going to go.
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11:44
And it's something
that we didn't think was possible.
that we didn't think was possible.
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Nismo mislili da je to moguće.
11:47
Now, I'm going to pass this around.
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Sada ću poslati da ga vidite.
Ovo nije dizajn, u redu?
11:51
This isn't a design, OK?
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Ovo je samo mehanička sprava, ljuštura, s kojom možete da se igrate.
11:53
So this is just a mechanical
engineering sort of embodiment of it
engineering sort of embodiment of it
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11:58
for you to play with.
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Očigledno je da je samo model.
11:59
And it's clearly just a model.
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Onaj koji radi je na MIT-ju.
12:01
The working one is at MIT.
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Dodaću ga ovom zgodnom gospodinu.
12:04
I'm going to pass it
to this handsome gentleman.
to this handsome gentleman.
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potom možete odlučiti da li će da ide levo ili -
12:07
At least you can decide
whether it goes left or --
whether it goes left or --
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12:09
Chris Anderson: Before you do it,
for the people down in simulcast --
for the people down in simulcast --
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o, direktni prenos. Izvinite, zaboravio sam. Ok, gde god da je kamera -
12:12
Nicholas Negroponte: Sorry! I forgot.
CA: Just show it off a bit.
CA: Just show it off a bit.
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Ok, u pravu si. Hvala, Kris.
12:15
So wherever the camera is --
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris.
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris.
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Ideja je da to neće biti samo laptop,
12:19
The idea was that
it would be not only a laptop,
it would be not only a laptop,
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nego da može da se transformiše u elektronsku knjigu.
12:22
but that it could transform
into an electronic book.
into an electronic book.
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Dakle to je nekakva elektronska knjiga.
12:26
So it's sort of an electronic book.
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Možete izaći napolje, pošto je crno-belo.
12:27
This is where when you go outside,
it's in black and white.
it's in black and white.
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Nedostaju tasteri za igru, ali biće to i konzola za igru, knjiga-konzola.
12:30
The games buttons are missing,
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12:32
but it'll also be a games machine,
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12:34
book machine.
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Namestite ga ovako i postaje tv.
12:36
Set it up this way,
and it's a television set.
and it's a television set.
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I tako dalje - je l' to dosta za prenos? Ok, izvinite.
12:38
Etc., etc. -- is that enough
for simulcast? OK, sorry.
for simulcast? OK, sorry.
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Neka Džim kasnije odluči na koju stranu da ga pošalje.
12:44
I'll let Jim decide
which way to send it afterwards.
which way to send it afterwards.
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Sedam zemalja. (smeh)
12:47
OK. Seven countries.
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12:49
(Laughter)
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Kažem "možda" Masačusets, jer oni moraju da daju ponudu.
12:51
I say "maybe" for Massachusetts,
because they actually have to do a bid.
because they actually have to do a bid.
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Po zakonu, moraju da daju ponudu i tako dalje.
12:56
By law you've got to bid,
and so on and so forth.
and so on and so forth.
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Ne mogu da ih imenujem.
12:58
So I can't quite name them.
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U ostalim slučajevima ne moraju dati ponudu. Mogu da odluče.
13:00
In the other cases,
they don't have to do bids.
they don't have to do bids.
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13:03
They can decide --
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U svakom slučaju zavisi od državne vlade.
13:04
it's the federal government in each case.
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Pomalo je zamorno jer mnogi ljudi kažu
13:06
It's kind of agonizing,
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"Hajde da uradimo na nivou države".
13:08
because a lot of people say,
"Let's do it at the state level,"
"Let's do it at the state level,"
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Jer, naravno, pojedine države su fleksibilnije od federalnog zakona, zbog veličine.
13:10
because states are more nimble
than the feds, just because of size.
than the feds, just because of size.
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A ipak brojimo.
13:15
And yet we count.
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Zapravo imamo posla sa federalnom vladom;
13:17
We're really dealing
with the federal government.
with the federal government.
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imamo posla sa ministarstvima obrazovanja.
13:19
We're really dealing
with ministries of education.
with ministries of education.
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13:21
And if you look at governments
around the world,
around the world,
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Ako pogledate vlade širom sveta,
ministarstva obrazovanja su najkonzervativnija
13:24
ministries of education
tend to be the most conservative,
tend to be the most conservative,
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ali imaju i ogromna sredstva.
13:28
and also the ones that have huge payrolls.
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Svi misle da se oni razumeju u obrazovanje,
13:32
Everybody thinks
they know about education,
they know about education,
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mnogo kulture je tu utkano.
13:34
a lot of culture is built into it as well.
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Zaista je teško. To je baš težak put.
13:37
It's really hard.
And so it's certainly the hard road.
And so it's certainly the hard road.
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Ako pogledate zemlje, prilično su geokulturološki raspoređene.
13:41
If you look at the countries,
they're pretty geoculturally distributed.
they're pretty geoculturally distributed.
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13:45
Have they all agreed? No, not completely.
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Da li su se sve složile? Ne, ne u potpunosti;
verovatno su Tajland, Brazil i Nigerija najaktivnije,
13:48
Probably Thailand, Brazil and Nigeria
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13:50
are the three that are
the most active and most agreed.
the most active and most agreed.
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najsložnije.
Namerno ne potpisujemo ništa ni sa kim
13:53
We're purposely
not signing anything with anybody
not signing anything with anybody
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dok ne budemo imali funkcionalne računare.
13:56
until we actually have the working ones.
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A pošto posećujem svaku od zemalja bar jednom u tri meseca,
13:59
And since I visit
each one of those countries
each one of those countries
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14:01
within at least every three months,
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putujem svetom svake tri nedelje.
14:04
I'm just going around the world
every three weeks.
every three weeks.
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Evo nekog rasporeda,
14:07
Here's sort of the schedule
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14:08
and I put at the bottom we might give some
away free in two years at this meeting.
away free in two years at this meeting.
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a u dnu sam stavio da ćemo možda za dve godine pokloniti ovde nekoliko računara.
Svi kažu to je laptop od 100 dolara, ne možete to izvesti.
14:15
Everybody says it's a $100 laptop --
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14:18
you can't do it.
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Pa, pogađajte, i ne možemo.
14:19
Well, guess what, we're not.
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Izaći će nas na početku verovatno 135. Onda će pasti.
14:20
We're coming in probably at 135,
to start, then drift down.
to start, then drift down.
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To je veoma važno,
14:26
And that's very important,
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14:27
because so many things hit the market
at a price and then drift up.
at a price and then drift up.
271
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jer toliko stvari izađe na tržište i onda cena raste.
Nekakav vođa gubitka i čim izgleda zanimljivo,
14:32
It's kind of the loss leader,
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14:34
and then as soon as it looks interesting,
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ne može da se priušti ili da se poveća.
14:37
it can't be afforded,
or it can't be scaled out.
or it can't be scaled out.
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Cilj nam je 50 dolara 2010. godiine.
14:39
So we're targeting 50 dollars in 2010.
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Veliki problem je sivo tržište. Jedan od načina - samo jedan -
14:43
The gray market's a big issue.
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14:45
And one of the ways -- just one --
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da pomognemo u slučaju sivog tržišta
14:47
but one of the ways to help
in the case of the gray market
in the case of the gray market
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je da napravimo nešto stvarno unikatno.
14:51
is to make something
that is so utterly unique --
that is so utterly unique --
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Pomalo kao činjenica da automobili -
14:54
It's a little bit like the fact
that automobiles --
that automobiles --
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hiljade automobila se dnevno ukrade u Americi;
14:57
thousands of automobiles
are stolen every day in the United States.
are stolen every day in the United States.
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3656
15:01
Not one single
post-office truck is stolen.
post-office truck is stolen.
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2936
nijedan poštanski kamion se ne ukrade. Ok. Zašto?
15:04
(Laughter)
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15:05
And why?
284
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Jer ne postoji tržište za poštanske kamione.
15:06
Because there's no market
for post-office trucks.
for post-office trucks.
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2336
Izgledaju kao poštanski kamioni.
15:09
It looks like a post-office truck.
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Možete ih prefarbati; možete uraditi bilo šta.
15:11
You can spray paint it.
You can do anything you want.
You can do anything you want.
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Nedavno sam saznao: u Južnoj Africi se ne krade beli volvo.
15:13
I just learned recently: in South Africa,
no white Volvos are stolen.
no white Volvos are stolen.
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4195
Tačka. Nijedan. Nula.
15:17
Period. None. Zero.
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Želimo da ga napravimo kao beli volvo.
15:19
So we want to make it
very much like a white Volvo.
very much like a white Volvo.
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4015
Svaka vlada ima svoj tim. Možda je ovo manje interesantno,
15:24
Each government has a task force.
291
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15:26
This perhaps is less interesting,
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ali pokušavamo da navedemo vlade da rade zajedno, a to nije lako.
15:28
but we're trying to get the governments
to all work together
to all work together
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15:30
and it's not easy.
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Ekonomija ovoga je da počnemo sa federalnim vladama,
15:34
The economics of this
is to start with the federal governments
is to start with the federal governments
295
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a kasnije da idemo na ostalo -
15:39
and then later,
to subsequently go to other --
to subsequently go to other --
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6982
bilo da je sponzorisanje među decom,
15:46
whether it's child-to-child funding,
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pa dete u ovoj zemlji kupi laptop za dete u zemljama u razvoju,
15:48
so a child in this country buys one
for a child in the developing world,
for a child in the developing world,
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možda istog pola, možda istih godina.
15:53
maybe of the same gender,
maybe of the same age.
maybe of the same age.
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Ujak pokloni sestričini ili sestriću jedan za rođendan.
15:56
An uncle gives a niece or a nephew that
as a birthday present.
as a birthday present.
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Mislim, svašta će se desiti,
16:00
I mean, there are all sorts of things
that will happen,
that will happen,
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16:02
and they'll be very, very exciting.
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biće veoma, veoma uzbudljivo.
16:04
And everybody says -- I say --
it's an education project.
it's an education project.
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Svi kažu - ja kažem - to je obrazovni projekat;
da li obezbeđujemo softver?
16:09
Are we providing the software?
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Odgovor je da sistem ima softver,
16:11
The answer is:
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16:13
The system certainly has software,
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ali ne, mi ne obezbeđujemo edukativni sadržaj.
16:14
but no, we're not providing
the education content.
the education content.
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To se radi u pojedinim zemljama.
16:18
That is really done in the countries.
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Ali mi ih proizvodimo.
16:22
But we are certainly constructionists.
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I zasigurno verujemo u učenje kroz postupke,
16:24
And we certainly believe
in learning by doing
in learning by doing
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16:26
and everything from Logo,
which was started in 1968,
which was started in 1968,
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i sve, od logoa, koji je nastao 1968.,
16:30
to more modern things, like Scratch,
if you've ever even heard of it,
if you've ever even heard of it,
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do modernijih stvari kao što je "Scratch", ako ste ikad čuli za to,
je deo ovoga.
16:35
are very, very much part of it.
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I to je to.
16:37
And that's the rollout.
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Da li sanjamo? Da li je ovo stvarno? Jeste stvarno.
16:40
Are we dreaming? Is this real?
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16:42
It actually is real.
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Jedina kritika, a ljudi ne žele ovo da kritikuju,
16:45
The only criticism, and people
really don't want to criticize this,
really don't want to criticize this,
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jer je to humanitarna stvar, neprofitna stvar,
16:50
because it is a humanitarian effort,
a nonprofit effort
a nonprofit effort
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i kritikovati je zapravo pomalo glupo. (smeh)
16:54
and to criticize it
is a little bit stupid, actually.
is a little bit stupid, actually.
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16:58
(Laughter)
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Ali jedina stvar koju bi ljudi mogli da navedu kao kritiku
16:59
But the one thing
that people could criticize was,
that people could criticize was,
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je da je ideja sjajna, ali neizvodljiva.
17:05
"Great idea, but these guys can't do it."
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A to može da znači da mi ili profesori ne mogu da je izvedu,
17:09
And that could either mean these guys,
professors and so on couldn't do it,
professors and so on couldn't do it,
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17:13
or that it's not possible.
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ili da nije moguće.
17:15
Well, on December 12, a company
called Quanta agreed to build it,
called Quanta agreed to build it,
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Pa, 12. decembra kompanija po imenu "Quanta" je pristala na proizvodnju
i pošto oni proizvode oko trećine današnjih laptopova na svetu,
17:21
and since they make about one-third
of all the laptops on the planet today,
of all the laptops on the planet today,
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17:26
that question disappeared.
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pitanje je nestalo.
17:28
So it's not a matter
of whether it's going to happen.
of whether it's going to happen.
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Dakle, nije pitanje da li će se desiti. Desiće se.
17:31
It is going to happen.
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17:32
And if it comes out
at 138 dollars, so what?
at 138 dollars, so what?
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I ako bude koštalo 138 dolara, pa šta?
Ako izađe sa 6 meseci kašnjenja, pa šta?
17:37
If it comes out six months late, so what?
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To je prilično udobno prizemljenje. Hvala vam.
17:40
That's a pretty soft landing. Thank you.
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(aplauz)
17:42
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionaryThe founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.
Why you should listen
A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.
But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com