TED2006
Nicholas Negroponte: One Laptop per Child
尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝谈每个儿童一台笔记本电脑
Filmed:
Readability: 3.2
469,675 views
麻省理工学院媒体实验室创立人尼古拉斯·尼葛洛庞帝描述了将如何制造以及发行“100美元笔记本电脑”。
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionary
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
The founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
I've been at MIT for 44 years.
0
0
2896
我在麻省理工工作了44年。我还参加过第一届TED大会。
00:27
I went to TED I.
1
2920
1936
我想在座的各位中只有一个人有过这样的经历。
00:29
There's only one other person here,
I think, who did that.
I think, who did that.
2
4880
2856
在所有其他的TED大会上——我参加了所有的TED，都是在Ricky的领导下——
00:32
All the other TEDs --
3
7760
1216
00:33
and I went to them all,
under Ricky's regime --
under Ricky's regime --
4
9000
2256
我讲的都是媒体实验室做了什么，
00:36
I talked about
what the Media Lab was doing,
what the Media Lab was doing,
5
11280
2536
00:38
which today has almost 500 people in it.
6
13840
3016
现在这所实验室已经有了将近500个人。
大家要是读了报纸，会发现上星期报纸上说我退出了媒体实验室。
00:41
And if you read the press,
7
16880
1416
00:43
last week it actually said
I quit the Media Lab.
I quit the Media Lab.
8
18320
2656
00:45
I didn't quit the Media Lab,
I stepped down as chairman --
I stepped down as chairman --
9
21000
4176
我没有退出实验室，我只是不再做“主席”了——
这个头衔有点滑稽，不过现在由另外的人担任了，
00:50
which was a kind of ridiculous title,
but someone else has taken it on --
but someone else has taken it on --
10
25200
4696
00:54
and one of the things
you can do as a professor
you can do as a professor
11
29920
2191
当教授就是有这么个好处，
那就是你一旦当上，就一直是教授。
00:56
is you stay on as a professor.
12
32135
1841
00:58
And I will now do for the rest of my life
the One Laptop Per Child,
the One Laptop Per Child,
13
34000
4256
而从现在开始，我这一辈子要投身于每个儿童一台笔记本电脑项目，
这件事我已经做了一年半了。
01:03
which I've sort of been doing
for a year and a half, anyway.
for a year and a half, anyway.
14
38280
3016
所以，这次我就来说说这件事，
01:06
So I'm going to tell you about this,
15
41320
1736
在给我的18分钟时间里说说我为什么要做这件事，
01:07
use my 18 minutes
to tell you why we're doing it,
to tell you why we're doing it,
16
43080
4096
如何做，以及我们正在做什么。
01:12
how we're doing it
and then what we're doing.
and then what we're doing.
17
47200
2176
讲话中间，我还会给大家
01:14
And at some point I'll even pass around
18
49400
3296
看一看100美元笔记本电脑是什么样的。
01:17
what the $100 laptop might be like.
19
52720
3920
Chris让我说说一些重大的事。
01:23
I was asked by Chris
to talk about some of the big issues,
to talk about some of the big issues,
20
58800
2856
因此我想，我应该从促使我做这件事的三点认识开始。
01:26
and so I figured I'd start with the three
that at least drove me to do this.
that at least drove me to do this.
21
61680
5256
01:31
And the first is pretty obvious.
22
66960
2816
第一条非常明显。
有一件事很让人惊讶。当你会见某个国家元首，问
01:34
It's amazing when you meet
a head of state, and you say,
a head of state, and you say,
23
69800
2656
“贵国最宝贵的自然资源是什么？”
01:37
"What is your most precious
natural resource?"
natural resource?"
24
72480
2736
他们最初不会说是儿童，
01:40
They will not say "children" at first,
25
75240
2696
01:42
and then when you say, "children,"
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
26
77960
4255
不过当你说是儿童后，他们很快会同意你的说法。
因此，这一条不很难理解。
01:47
And so that isn't very hard.
27
82239
2017
01:49
(Laughter)
28
84280
2696
每个人都同意，一些重大问题的解决方案不论是什么，
01:51
Everybody agrees that whatever
the solutions are to the big problems,
the solutions are to the big problems,
29
87000
5056
都会包括教育，有时只能靠教育，
01:56
they include education,
sometimes can be just education
sometimes can be just education
30
92080
4736
而且无论如何都不能少了教育。
02:01
and can never be without
some element of education.
some element of education.
31
96840
3296
因此教育肯定是不可或缺的。
02:04
So that's certainly part of it.
32
100160
1816
02:06
And the third
is a little bit less obvious.
is a little bit less obvious.
33
102000
2376
第三条就不那么明显了。
这间屋子里的诸位，在学习走路、说话的时候，
02:09
And that is that we all in this room
learned how to walk, how to talk,
learned how to walk, how to talk,
34
104400
4736
不是靠别人教给我们如何说话，或如何走路，
02:13
not by being taught how to talk,
or taught how to walk,
or taught how to walk,
35
109160
4496
而是通过和周围的世界互动，
02:18
but by interacting with the world,
36
113680
1696
是因为我们能够去要东西，或是能够站起来，够到东西了，
02:20
by having certain results as a consequence
of being able to ask for something,
of being able to ask for something,
37
115400
4136
02:24
or being able to stand up and reach it.
38
119560
2136
通过这些行为导致某种特定的结果.
02:26
Whereas at about the age six,
we were told to stop learning that way,
we were told to stop learning that way,
39
121720
4256
可是在大约6岁的时候，我们被告知，不能这样学习了，
02:30
and that all learning from then on
would happen through teaching,
would happen through teaching,
40
126000
3336
从那时开始要靠学校教育学习，
这可能是有个人站在我们面前，就像我现在做的那样，或是通过书本，以及其他什么东西。
02:34
whether it's people standing up,
like I'm doing now,
like I'm doing now,
41
129360
2429
02:36
or a book, or something.
42
131813
1723
但确确实实是通过教而学。
02:38
But it was really through teaching.
43
133560
1936
通常说来，电脑能够为学习带来的一件事，
02:40
And one of the things in general
that computers have provided to learning
that computers have provided to learning
44
135520
5176
02:45
is that it now includes a kind of learning
45
140720
3136
就是它能够提供一种特别的学习经历
02:48
which is a little bit more
like walking and talking,
like walking and talking,
46
143880
3096
这种学习有点像学习走路和说话，
02:51
in the sense that a lot of it is driven
by the learner himself or herself.
by the learner himself or herself.
47
147000
6616
从某种意义上讲，主要是靠学习者自身的激励进行的。
因此，基于这些原则——
02:58
So with those as the principles --
48
153640
2736
诸位中可能有人想到Seymour Papert,
03:01
some of you may know Seymour Papert.
49
156400
2016
03:03
This is back in 1982,
when we were working in Senegal.
when we were working in Senegal.
50
158440
3536
那是在1982年，我们当时在塞内加尔。
03:06
Because some people think that
the $100 laptop just happened a year ago,
the $100 laptop just happened a year ago,
51
162000
5245
有人可能以为100美元电脑只是一年前开始的，
或是2年前开始的，或是我们突发奇想开始做的。
03:12
or two years ago,
or we were struck by lightning --
or we were struck by lightning --
52
167269
3187
其实这件事已经做了很长时间，实际上可以上溯到1960年代。
03:15
this actually has gone back a long time,
and in fact, back to the '60s.
and in fact, back to the '60s.
53
170480
5056
这张照片是1980年代拍的。
03:20
Here we're in the '80s.
54
175560
1536
史蒂夫·乔布斯捐给我们一些笔记本电脑，我们是在塞内加尔。
03:21
Steve Jobs had given us some laptops.
We were in Senegal.
We were in Senegal.
55
177120
4256
这件事的规模没能扩大，但至少，它把电脑带到了第三世界国家，
03:26
It didn't scale
56
181400
1256
03:27
but it at least was bringing computers
to developing countries
to developing countries
57
182680
5096
03:32
and learning pretty quickly
that these kids,
that these kids,
58
187800
2456
而且这些孩子学得很快——
虽然他们的语言不是英语，
03:35
even though English wasn't their language,
59
190280
2000
甚至他们连拉丁字母都不大认识，
03:37
the Latin alphabet
barely was their language,
barely was their language,
60
192304
3232
可是他们就像鱼儿入了水，
03:40
but they could just swim like fish.
61
195560
2336
他们就像弹钢琴一样玩这些电脑。
03:42
They could play these like pianos.
62
197920
1760
更近一些时候，我亲自参加了这样的项目。
03:46
A little bit more recently,
I got involved personally.
I got involved personally.
63
201360
4216
03:50
And these are two anecdotes --
64
205600
1736
这里有两段故事——其中的一段是在柬埔寨。
03:52
one was in Cambodia,
65
207360
2616
我们选择的村庄没有电，没有自来水，没有电视，也没有电话，
03:54
in a village that has no electricity,
no water, no television, no telephone,
no water, no television, no telephone,
66
210000
4416
但是现在却有了宽带互联网。
03:59
but has broadband Internet now.
67
214440
2136
04:01
And these kids,
their first English word is "Google"
their first English word is "Google"
68
216600
3496
这些孩子会说的第一个英语词是“Google”，
他们只知道Skype。他们从来没有听说过普通的电话。
04:04
and they only know Skype.
69
220120
2336
04:07
They've never heard of telephony.
70
222480
1616
他们只用Skype。
04:08
They just use Skype.
71
224120
2136
晚上回到家，他们可以通过宽带上网
04:11
And they go home at night --
72
226280
1856
04:12
they've got a broadband connection
in a hut that doesn't have electricity.
in a hut that doesn't have electricity.
73
228160
3816
虽然茅屋里并没有电。
04:16
The parents love it,
because when they open up the laptops,
because when they open up the laptops,
74
232000
2762
家长们都很喜欢这东西，因为孩子们一打开电脑，
电脑就成了屋子里最亮的光源。
04:19
it's the brightest light source
in the house.
in the house.
75
234786
2190
04:21
And talk about
where metaphors and reality mix --
where metaphors and reality mix --
76
237000
3376
现在我来讲一讲想象和现实是如何交汇的——
04:25
this is the actual school.
77
240400
2600
这就是那所学校。
04:28
In parallel with this,
Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine
Seymour Papert got the governor of Maine
78
243560
5096
与此同时，Seymour Papert还说服缅因州州长
04:33
to legislate one laptop per child
in the year 2002.
in the year 2002.
79
248680
5496
通过了一项法案，从2002年起为每个儿童提供一台电脑。
当时，我觉得可以说百分之八十的教师都——
04:39
Now at the time, I think it's fair to say
that 80 percent of the teachers were --
that 80 percent of the teachers were --
80
254200
5096
——可以说是忧心忡忡。
04:44
let me say, apprehensive.
81
259320
1576
04:45
Really, they were actually against it.
82
260920
1816
真的，他们当时确实是反对这件事。
04:47
And they really preferred
that the money would be used
that the money would be used
83
262760
2524
他们更希望这笔钱能用来
给他们涨工资，建几所新学校，等等。
04:50
for higher salaries,
more schools, whatever.
more schools, whatever.
84
265308
2388
04:52
And now, three and a half
years later, guess what?
years later, guess what?
85
267720
4256
现在，三年半过去了，猜猜发生了什么？
04:56
They're reporting five things:
drop of truancy to almost zero,
drop of truancy to almost zero,
86
272000
6216
他们报告说有五大变化。
逃课现象几乎消失了，家长会到会的人多了——
05:03
attending parent-teacher meetings --
87
278240
1925
过去没有人来，现在几乎所有的家长都来——
05:04
which nobody did
and now almost everybody does --
and now almost everybody does --
88
280189
2507
违反纪律的现象少了，学生的参与度提高了。
05:07
drop in discipline problems,
increase in student participation.
increase in student participation.
89
282720
3896
05:11
Teachers are now saying
it's kind of fun to teach.
it's kind of fun to teach.
90
286640
2416
老师们现在说教学很有乐趣；
孩子们积极参与。他们都有笔记本电脑。
05:13
Kids are engaged -- they have laptops! --
91
289080
3136
第五点我觉得最有趣，
05:17
and then the fifth,
which interests me the most,
which interests me the most,
92
292240
2456
那就是到了晚上某个时间，他们必须把服务器关上。
05:19
is that the servers have to be turned off
at certain times at night
at certain times at night
93
294720
3216
05:22
because the teachers
are getting too much email
are getting too much email
94
297960
2416
因为老师们收到的电子邮件太多了
许许多多的孩子请求帮助。
05:25
from the kids asking them for help.
95
300400
1976
因此，当大家看到这些实例的时候，就知道这件事已经无需再做试验。
05:27
So when you see that kind of thing --
96
302400
1776
05:29
this is not something
that you have to test.
that you have to test.
97
304200
2048
项目的试验阶段已经过去了，所以当有人说，
05:31
The days of pilot projects are over,
when people say,
when people say,
98
306272
2704
05:33
"We'd like to do three or four thousand
in our country to see how it works."
in our country to see how it works."
99
309000
4056
“嗯，我们想先在我们国家做三四千人的试验，看看效果如何。”
去你的吧。一边儿去。自然有别的愿意参与的来做。
05:37
Screw you. Go to the back of the line
and someone else will do it,
and someone else will do it,
100
313080
3096
当你想明白了，这事儿行得通的时候，再来加入吧。
05:41
and then when you figure out
that this works, you can join as well.
that this works, you can join as well.
101
316200
4536
我们现在就是这么做的。
05:45
And this is what we're doing.
102
320760
2576
（笑声）（掌声）
05:48
(Laughter) (Applause)
103
323360
2136
因此，每个儿童一台笔记本电脑计划形成于大约一年半以前。
05:50
So, One Laptop Per Child
was formed about a year and a half ago.
was formed about a year and a half ago.
104
325520
4976
这是一个非盈利组织。它筹集了两千万美元
05:55
It's a nonprofit association.
105
330520
1896
05:57
It raised about 20 million dollars
106
332440
1936
进行工程开发，然后进行生产。
05:59
to do the engineering
to just get this built,
to just get this built,
107
334400
3816
06:03
and then have it produced afterwards.
108
338240
2656
规模非常的重要。
06:05
Scale is truly important.
109
340920
2256
规模之所以重要，并不是因为这样可以以更低的价格购买零部件，明白吗？
06:08
And it's not important because you can
buy components at a lower price, OK?
buy components at a lower price, OK?
110
343200
6296
而是因为这样的话你就可以跟生产商谈——
06:14
It's because you can go
to a manufacturer --
to a manufacturer --
111
349520
2876
这里我就不说那家生产商的名字了——
06:17
and I will leave the name out --
112
352420
1642
我当时说我们想要比较小的显示屏，色彩还原不必完美，
06:18
but we wanted a small display,
113
354086
3530
06:22
doesn't have to have
perfect color uniformity.
perfect color uniformity.
114
357640
3776
甚至可以有一两个坏点，也无需那么亮。
06:26
It can even have a pixel or two missing.
115
361440
2362
06:28
It doesn't have to be that bright.
116
363826
2550
结果这家生产商说：
06:31
And this particular manufacturer said,
117
366400
2296
06:33
"We're not interested in that.
We're interested in the living room.
We're interested in the living room.
118
368720
3143
“哦，可是我们对此不感兴趣。我们感兴趣的是客厅电脑。
我们希望有完美的色彩还原。
06:36
We're interested
in perfect color uniformity.
in perfect color uniformity.
119
371887
2169
我们想造的是大显示屏，亮显示屏。
06:38
We're interested in big displays,
bright displays.
bright displays.
120
374080
2336
你不在我们的战略规划里。”
06:41
You're not part of our strategic plan."
121
376440
2776
于是我说：“哦，那真是可惜。
06:44
And I said, "That's kind of too bad,
because we need 100 million units a year."
because we need 100 million units a year."
122
379240
3715
因为我们一年就需要一亿部。”
06:47
(Laughter)
123
382979
1571
结果他们说：“哦，也许我们可以成为你们的战略规划的一部分。”
06:49
And they said, "Oh, well, maybe we could
become part of your strategic plan."
become part of your strategic plan."
124
384574
3962
06:53
And that's why scale counts.
125
388560
2416
这就是规模的重要性之所在。
06:55
And that's why we will not launch this
126
391000
2256
因此，首批达不到500到1000万部，我们是不会发布这种电脑的。
06:58
without five to 10 million units
in the first run.
in the first run.
127
393280
3896
我们的理念是，通过足够大的规模
07:02
And the idea is
to launch with enough scale
to launch with enough scale
128
397200
2976
让规模自身把价格压下来，
07:05
that the scale itself
helps bring the price down,
helps bring the price down,
129
400200
2576
07:07
and that's why I said
seven to 10 million there.
seven to 10 million there.
130
402800
3896
因此这里我说到是700到1000万部。
而且我们做这件事不需要市场销售队伍。
07:11
And we're doing it
without a sales-and-marketing team.
without a sales-and-marketing team.
131
406720
3416
我的意思是，大家可能会问我们的销售队伍在哪儿。
07:14
I mean, you're looking
at the sales-and-marketing team.
at the sales-and-marketing team.
132
410160
2576
07:17
We will do it by going
to seven large countries
to seven large countries
133
412760
4016
我们是和7个国家讨论这件事，希望他们能够同意发布
07:21
and getting them to agree and launch it,
134
416800
2524
其他的国家可以效仿。
07:24
and then the others can follow.
135
419348
2308
07:26
We have partners.
136
421680
1856
我们也有合作伙伴。大家不难猜到谷歌是其中一家，
07:28
It's not hard to guess
Google would be one.
Google would be one.
137
423560
2000
其他的还都没确定。
07:30
The others are all playing to pending.
138
425584
3632
这件事媒体业报道很多次了。
07:34
And this has been
in the press a great deal.
in the press a great deal.
139
429240
2856
这就是所谓的绿色电脑，我们是和安南一起发布的
07:36
It's the so-called Green Machine
that we introduced with Kofi Annan
that we introduced with Kofi Annan
140
432120
5896
那是在突尼斯，在11月举行的世界首脑峰会上。
07:42
in November at the World Summit
that was held in Tunisia.
that was held in Tunisia.
141
438040
4296
有的人一看到这个电脑，会说，啊，这是个笔记本电脑项目。
07:47
Now once people start looking at this,
they say, "Ah, this is a laptop project."
they say, "Ah, this is a laptop project."
142
442360
5616
07:52
Well, no, it's not a laptop project.
It's an education project.
It's an education project.
143
448000
3296
不对，这不是一个笔记本电脑项目。这是一个教育项目。
07:56
And the fun part --
and I'm quite focused on it --
and I'm quite focused on it --
144
451320
3656
最有趣的一点——我对此很关注——
07:59
I tell people I used to be a light bulb,
but now I'm a laser --
but now I'm a laser --
145
455000
4096
我跟人们说，我过去像灯泡一样有很多新点子照亮别人，现在我是激光。
我一定要造出这种电脑，
08:03
I'm just going to get that thing built,
and it turns out it's not so hard.
and it turns out it's not so hard.
146
459120
6096
而且事实证明这不是那么难。
因为笔记本电脑业的经营奥秘是这样的：
08:10
Because laptop economics
are the following:
are the following:
147
465240
3216
这里我指出是百分之五十，其实更像是百分之六十。
08:13
I say 50 percent here --
it's more like 60,
it's more like 60,
148
468480
2496
08:15
60 percent of the cost of your laptop
149
471000
2056
大家购买笔记本电脑所花的钱，有百分之六十是付给了销售、市场营销、渠道以及利润等。
08:17
is sales, marketing,
distribution and profit.
distribution and profit.
150
473080
2856
08:20
Now we have none of those, OK?
151
475960
2336
现在我们把这些都拿掉。
所有这些数字都不在我们的成本里。
08:23
None of those figure into our cost,
152
478320
2936
因为，首先，我们以成本价销售，并且通过政府来发行。
08:26
because first of all, we sell it at cost,
and the governments distribute it.
and the governments distribute it.
153
481280
4216
08:30
It gets distributed
to the school system like a textbook.
to the school system like a textbook.
154
485520
4256
就像课本一样，发行到学校。
08:34
So that piece disappears.
155
489800
2136
因此这一块就没有了，现在剩下的只是显示器以及其他的部件。
08:36
Then you have display and everything else.
156
491960
2816
笔记本电脑上的显示器的成本，粗略算来，
08:39
Now the display on your laptop costs,
157
494800
2856
08:42
in rough numbers,
10 dollars a diagonal inch.
10 dollars a diagonal inch.
158
497680
5136
大约是每英寸（对角线长度）10美元。
08:47
That can drop to eight;
it can drop to seven
it can drop to seven
159
502840
2136
这个价格有可能降到8美元或7美元。
08:49
but it's not going to drop to two,
or to one and a half,
or to one and a half,
160
505000
2976
但是却不会一下子降到2美元或1.5美元，
08:52
unless we do some pretty clever things.
161
508000
2760
除非我们能有什么重大突破。
让我们感兴趣的是剩下的部分——那块棕色的部分，
08:56
It's the rest -- that little brown box --
that is pretty fascinating,
that is pretty fascinating,
162
512080
4176
因为笔记本电脑其余的部分都是为自己而存在的。
09:01
because the rest of your laptop
is devoted to itself.
is devoted to itself.
163
516280
5416
这有点像一个胖人，必须把大部分
09:06
It's a little bit like an obese person
164
521720
2616
09:09
having to use most of their energy
to move their obesity.
to move their obesity.
165
524360
3136
大部分的体能用于移动自己肥胖的身子。明白吗？
09:12
(Laughter)
166
527520
1456
09:13
And we have a situation today
which is incredible.
which is incredible.
167
529000
5776
我们现在的处境就有点匪夷所思。
自从笔记本电脑问世，我就开始用这种东西。
09:19
I've been using laptops
since their inception.
since their inception.
168
534800
2976
可是一直以来，我的笔记本电脑越来越慢，越来越不稳定，越来越不让我满意。
09:22
And my laptop runs slower,
less reliably and less pleasantly
less reliably and less pleasantly
169
537800
5336
09:27
than it ever has before.
170
543160
2536
今年情况就更糟了。
09:30
And this year is worse.
171
545720
1496
听了这话，有人鼓掌，有时还有人站起来喝彩，我要说，
09:32
(Applause)
172
547240
1376
09:33
People clap, sometimes
you even get standing ovations,
you even get standing ovations,
173
548640
3296
09:36
and I say, "What the hell's wrong
with you? Why are we all sitting there?"
with you? Why are we all sitting there?"
174
551960
3696
“大家都怎么了？我们为什么坐在这里坐视这一切？”
09:40
And somebody -- to remain nameless --
called our laptop a "gadget" recently.
called our laptop a "gadget" recently.
175
555680
6336
而且有个我不愿指名道姓的人最近还把我们的笔记本电脑叫做“电玩”。
我听了之后说，老天，我们的笔记本电脑可是运行飞快的。
09:46
And I said, "God, our laptop's going to go
like a bat out of hell.
like a bat out of hell.
176
562040
3616
当你打开它，它会嘭的一下子亮起来，就开了，就能用了。
09:50
When you open it up,
it's going to go 'bing.'"
it's going to go 'bing.'"
177
565680
2196
09:52
It'll be on.
178
567900
1276
09:54
It'll be just like it was in 1985,
179
569200
3776
就像在1985年，大家刚买回来的苹果的Mac512一样。
09:57
when you bought an Apple Macintosh 512.
180
573000
4696
它非常好用。
10:02
It worked really well.
181
577720
1736
我们一直以来都是在走下坡路。
10:04
And we've been going steadily downhill.
182
579480
3096
大家一直在问，我们的电脑配置是什么样的。
10:07
Now, people ask all the time what it is.
183
582600
3936
就是这个样子的。
10:11
That's what it is.
184
586560
2056
值得关注的两点，是它会使用网状网络，
10:13
The two pieces that are probably notable:
it'll be a mesh network,
it'll be a mesh network,
185
588640
5296
10:18
so when the kids open up their laptops,
they all become a network,
they all become a network,
186
593960
3616
所以当孩子们一开机，他们就都连成一个网络，
然后就只需要1到2点的空载传输。
10:22
and then just need
one or two points of backhaul.
one or two points of backhaul.
187
597600
2816
有两兆的带宽，就足够几千个孩子用的。
10:25
You can serve a couple of thousand kids
with two megabits.
with two megabits.
188
600440
3176
因此很容易把它部署到村庄，
10:28
So you really can bring into a village,
189
603640
3056
10:31
and then the villages
can connect themselves,
can connect themselves,
190
606720
2296
整个村庄就能联网，
这样就能用得很好。
10:33
and you really can do it quite well.
191
609040
3056
另外一点是双模式显示屏——这样设计是为了让它既能在室外使用——
10:36
The dual mode display --
192
612120
1976
10:38
the idea is to have a display
that both works outdoors --
that both works outdoors --
193
614120
4696
大家在室外使用手机的时候有没有遇到问题？
10:43
isn't it fun using your cell phone
outdoors in the sunlight?
outdoors in the sunlight?
194
618840
3416
对了，屏幕看不清。
10:47
Well, you can't see it.
195
622280
1536
10:48
And one of the reasons you can't see it
196
623840
2176
之所以看不清，其中一个原因在于手机是背光照明的，
10:50
is because it's backlighting
most of the time, most cell phones.
most of the time, most cell phones.
197
626040
4056
绝大部分手机都是。
因此，我们要做的是，我们要设计一种既使用背光，又使用反射光的屏幕。
10:54
Now, what we're doing is, we're doing one
that will be both frontlit and backlit.
that will be both frontlit and backlit.
198
630120
4656
置于到底是手动切换还是通过软件切换还没最后决定。
10:59
And whether you manually switch it
or you do it in the software
or you do it in the software
199
634800
3776
11:03
is to be seen.
200
638600
1496
不过在使用背光的时候，它是彩色的，
11:04
But when it's backlit, it's color.
201
640120
1856
11:06
And when it's frontlit,
it's black and white
it's black and white
202
642000
2056
使用反射光的时候，就是黑白的了，分辨率高了三倍。
11:08
at three times the resolution.
203
644080
1976
这样的显示模式是否已经设计完成了？还没。
11:10
Is it all worked out? No.
204
646080
2456
11:13
That's why a lot of our people are
more or less living in Taiwan right now.
more or less living in Taiwan right now.
205
648560
5256
所以现在我们还有很多人住在台湾。
11:18
And in about 30 days,
we'll know for sure whether this works.
we'll know for sure whether this works.
206
653840
4216
再过一个月我们就能知道这是否行得通了。
也许最重要的一点，
11:22
Probably the most important piece there
207
658080
4216
是孩子们自己就能进行维护。
11:27
is that the kids
really can do the maintenance.
really can do the maintenance.
208
662320
3136
许多人对此也是将信将疑，
11:30
And this is again something
that people don't believe,
that people don't believe,
209
665480
3136
但我很确定，这一点没有问题。
11:33
but I really think it's quite true.
210
668640
1667
这就是我们在突尼斯展示的电脑，
11:36
That's the machine we showed in Tunis.
211
671880
4896
而这是我们要设计的更多的使用方式。
11:41
This is more the direction
that we're going to go.
that we're going to go.
212
676800
2776
11:44
And it's something
that we didn't think was possible.
that we didn't think was possible.
213
679600
3336
原来我们也曾以为这些都不可能呢。
11:47
Now, I'm going to pass this around.
214
682960
3336
现在我把这个机器往下传一下。
这不是设计图。
11:51
This isn't a design, OK?
215
686320
2176
这只是一个工程模型，供大家把玩一下。
11:53
So this is just a mechanical
engineering sort of embodiment of it
engineering sort of embodiment of it
216
688520
4696
11:58
for you to play with.
217
693240
1536
这显然只是个模型。
11:59
And it's clearly just a model.
218
694800
1856
能够真正使用的原型在MIT呢。
12:01
The working one is at MIT.
219
696680
2696
我把这个先交给这位帅哥，请他往下传。
12:04
I'm going to pass it
to this handsome gentleman.
to this handsome gentleman.
220
699400
2856
然后你再决定往哪儿传——
12:07
At least you can decide
whether it goes left or --
whether it goes left or --
221
702280
2456
12:09
Chris Anderson: Before you do it,
for the people down in simulcast --
for the people down in simulcast --
222
704760
3300
哦，同时联播。抱歉，我忘了。好的，摄像机在哪儿呢？
12:12
Nicholas Negroponte: Sorry! I forgot.
CA: Just show it off a bit.
CA: Just show it off a bit.
223
708084
3062
对，好主意。谢谢你，Chris。
12:15
So wherever the camera is --
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris.
OK, good point. Thank you, Chris.
224
711170
3006
我们的想法是，这个机器并不仅仅是台笔记本电脑，
12:19
The idea was that
it would be not only a laptop,
it would be not only a laptop,
225
714200
3576
而是可以变化一下，变成一部电子书。
12:22
but that it could transform
into an electronic book.
into an electronic book.
226
717800
3576
这样就像电子书了。
12:26
So it's sort of an electronic book.
227
721400
1667
这样可以在户外，以黑白模式显示。
12:27
This is where when you go outside,
it's in black and white.
it's in black and white.
228
723091
2762
游戏按钮在这里，没做上。但是它也可以当游戏机用，当电子书读。
12:30
The games buttons are missing,
229
725877
1779
12:32
but it'll also be a games machine,
230
727680
2295
12:34
book machine.
231
729999
1337
这样放置，它就成了一台电视机。
12:36
Set it up this way,
and it's a television set.
and it's a television set.
232
731360
2496
等等等等——这些演示够了吗？好的，抱歉。
12:38
Etc., etc. -- is that enough
for simulcast? OK, sorry.
for simulcast? OK, sorry.
233
733880
4120
我把它交给Jim吧，请他决定往下怎么传。好的。
12:44
I'll let Jim decide
which way to send it afterwards.
which way to send it afterwards.
234
740160
2856
七个国家。（笑声）
12:47
OK. Seven countries.
235
743040
1696
12:49
(Laughter)
236
744760
1576
我说马萨诸塞州有可能，是因为他们得进行招标。
12:51
I say "maybe" for Massachusetts,
because they actually have to do a bid.
because they actually have to do a bid.
237
746360
5056
法律要求他们必须招标等等。
12:56
By law you've got to bid,
and so on and so forth.
and so on and so forth.
238
751440
2656
因此还不能说他们肯定能。
12:58
So I can't quite name them.
239
754120
1416
其他的个例中，他们就无需招标。他们可以做出决定。
13:00
In the other cases,
they don't have to do bids.
they don't have to do bids.
240
755560
2656
13:03
They can decide --
241
758240
1612
每个案例所涉及的都是中央政府。
13:04
it's the federal government in each case.
242
759876
2060
这有点困难，因为好多人说：
13:06
It's kind of agonizing,
243
761960
1216
“要不我们在州一级做这件事吧。”
13:08
because a lot of people say,
"Let's do it at the state level,"
"Let's do it at the state level,"
244
763200
2905
当然，这是因为州比中央政府灵活，因为其规模较小。
13:10
because states are more nimble
than the feds, just because of size.
than the feds, just because of size.
245
766129
4847
可是我们考虑过。
13:15
And yet we count.
246
771000
1176
我们就是在跟中央政府谈。
13:17
We're really dealing
with the federal government.
with the federal government.
247
772200
2376
在和各国的教育部门谈。
13:19
We're really dealing
with ministries of education.
with ministries of education.
248
774600
2336
13:21
And if you look at governments
around the world,
around the world,
249
776960
2696
大家要是看一看世界各国的政府，
就会发现教育部往往是最保守的，
13:24
ministries of education
tend to be the most conservative,
tend to be the most conservative,
250
779680
3736
也是冗员最多的。
13:28
and also the ones that have huge payrolls.
251
783440
4176
里面所有的人都自以为自己懂教育，
13:32
Everybody thinks
they know about education,
they know about education,
252
787640
2376
其官场文化积淀甚深。
13:34
a lot of culture is built into it as well.
253
790040
2456
这非常难。因此这条路充满艰难险阻。
13:37
It's really hard.
And so it's certainly the hard road.
And so it's certainly the hard road.
254
792520
3656
大家再看看这些国家，会发现他们地理位置分布在世界各地。
13:41
If you look at the countries,
they're pretty geoculturally distributed.
they're pretty geoculturally distributed.
255
796200
4776
13:45
Have they all agreed? No, not completely.
256
801000
2496
他们都同意了吗？不，还没有完全同意；
可能泰国、巴西和尼日利亚是其中最积极的三个国家，
13:48
Probably Thailand, Brazil and Nigeria
257
803520
2376
13:50
are the three that are
the most active and most agreed.
the most active and most agreed.
258
805920
3096
也最同意这项计划。
我们刻意暂时不跟任何人签署任何协议
13:53
We're purposely
not signing anything with anybody
not signing anything with anybody
259
809040
3096
我们要等到能工作的样机出来之后再签。
13:56
until we actually have the working ones.
260
812160
2296
我几乎每隔三个月就要访问这些国家一次，
13:59
And since I visit
each one of those countries
each one of those countries
261
814480
2656
14:01
within at least every three months,
262
817160
2016
这样每三个星期我就要环游世界一圈。
14:04
I'm just going around the world
every three weeks.
every three weeks.
263
819200
3136
这里是我们的大体计划，
14:07
Here's sort of the schedule
264
822360
1536
14:08
and I put at the bottom we might give some
away free in two years at this meeting.
away free in two years at this meeting.
265
823920
6200
在最下面我说两年后在TED大会上我可能发放一些免费的电脑。
大家都说，这个100美元电脑你做不成的。
14:15
Everybody says it's a $100 laptop --
266
830422
3113
14:18
you can't do it.
267
833559
1151
知道吗？我们确实做不到。
14:19
Well, guess what, we're not.
268
834734
1402
我们现在的价格大约在135美元，然后再逐渐降低。
14:20
We're coming in probably at 135,
to start, then drift down.
to start, then drift down.
269
836160
5056
这一点很重要，
14:26
And that's very important,
270
841240
1456
14:27
because so many things hit the market
at a price and then drift up.
at a price and then drift up.
271
842720
5296
因为市场上有很多因素影响价格，使价格升高。
要是亏本经营，那么顾客一旦对此感兴趣，
14:32
It's kind of the loss leader,
272
848040
1496
14:34
and then as soon as it looks interesting,
273
849560
2856
销售者又承受不了了，那样就无法形成规模了。
14:37
it can't be afforded,
or it can't be scaled out.
or it can't be scaled out.
274
852440
2656
我们的目标是到2010年使价格降到50美元。
14:39
So we're targeting 50 dollars in 2010.
275
855120
3416
灰市是一个大问题。其中一个办法——只说一种——
14:43
The gray market's a big issue.
276
858560
1776
14:45
And one of the ways -- just one --
277
860360
2376
一种对付灰市的办法
14:47
but one of the ways to help
in the case of the gray market
in the case of the gray market
278
862760
4056
是把商品做得非常特殊。
14:51
is to make something
that is so utterly unique --
that is so utterly unique --
279
866840
2536
这有点像汽车——
14:54
It's a little bit like the fact
that automobiles --
that automobiles --
280
869400
3616
在美国，每天都有数千辆汽车被盗，
14:57
thousands of automobiles
are stolen every day in the United States.
are stolen every day in the United States.
281
873040
3656
15:01
Not one single
post-office truck is stolen.
post-office truck is stolen.
282
876720
2936
但是没有一辆邮车被盗。为什么？
15:04
(Laughter)
283
879680
1216
15:05
And why?
284
880920
1176
因为没有邮车销赃的市场。
15:06
Because there's no market
for post-office trucks.
for post-office trucks.
285
882120
2336
它看起来就像邮车。
15:09
It looks like a post-office truck.
286
884480
1736
你可以重新喷漆，可以想尽办法改装，但它就是像邮车。
15:11
You can spray paint it.
You can do anything you want.
You can do anything you want.
287
886240
2477
最近我刚了解到：在南非，从没有人偷白色沃尔沃。
15:13
I just learned recently: in South Africa,
no white Volvos are stolen.
no white Volvos are stolen.
288
888741
4195
一个也没有。零记录。
15:17
Period. None. Zero.
289
892960
1576
因此我们想把我们的笔记本电脑做得像白色沃尔沃。
15:19
So we want to make it
very much like a white Volvo.
very much like a white Volvo.
290
894560
4015
每个政府都个行动小组。这一点可能让人不那么感兴趣，
15:24
Each government has a task force.
291
899360
2216
15:26
This perhaps is less interesting,
292
901600
1616
但是我们力图让所有的政府都协同工作，这一点很难。
15:28
but we're trying to get the governments
to all work together
to all work together
293
903240
2905
15:30
and it's not easy.
294
906169
2435
我们项目的经营目标是从中央政府开始，
15:34
The economics of this
is to start with the federal governments
is to start with the federal governments
295
909880
5047
然后再推进到其他领域——
15:39
and then later,
to subsequently go to other --
to subsequently go to other --
296
914951
6982
——比如儿童之间结对子互帮互助，
15:46
whether it's child-to-child funding,
297
921957
1896
这个国家的某个儿童可以购买了捐给第三世界国家的一个儿童，
15:48
so a child in this country buys one
for a child in the developing world,
for a child in the developing world,
298
923877
4459
结对子可以是同性别的，也可以是同龄的。
15:53
maybe of the same gender,
maybe of the same age.
maybe of the same age.
299
928360
3096
也可以是叔叔给侄子侄女买个生日礼物。
15:56
An uncle gives a niece or a nephew that
as a birthday present.
as a birthday present.
300
931480
3696
有各种各样的形式。
16:00
I mean, there are all sorts of things
that will happen,
that will happen,
301
935200
2696
16:02
and they'll be very, very exciting.
302
937920
1896
这些形式都会很吸引人。
16:04
And everybody says -- I say --
it's an education project.
it's an education project.
303
939840
4995
每个人都说——是我说——这是一个教育项目。
我们是否提供软件？
16:09
Are we providing the software?
304
944859
1997
回答是，系统本身带有软件，
16:11
The answer is:
305
946880
1485
16:13
The system certainly has software,
306
948389
1627
但是我们不会提供教育内容。
16:14
but no, we're not providing
the education content.
the education content.
307
950040
3136
这个由各个国家来做。
16:18
That is really done in the countries.
308
953200
4096
但我们显然是建设者。
16:22
But we are certainly constructionists.
309
957320
2076
我们相信通过做可以学，
16:24
And we certainly believe
in learning by doing
in learning by doing
310
959420
2156
16:26
and everything from Logo,
which was started in 1968,
which was started in 1968,
311
961600
4136
比如1968年开始的Logo，
16:30
to more modern things, like Scratch,
if you've ever even heard of it,
if you've ever even heard of it,
312
965760
4976
一直到更现代的Scratch之类的东西，要是大家听说过的话，
也是这其中的一部分。
16:35
are very, very much part of it.
313
970760
2056
这是首次展示。
16:37
And that's the rollout.
314
972840
1843
我们在做梦吗？这是真的吗？这确实是真的。
16:40
Are we dreaming? Is this real?
315
975880
2239
16:42
It actually is real.
316
978143
1665
惟一的批评，而且人们真的不想批评这件事，
16:45
The only criticism, and people
really don't want to criticize this,
really don't want to criticize this,
317
980760
4736
因为这是一项人道主义项目，是一个非赢利工作，
16:50
because it is a humanitarian effort,
a nonprofit effort
a nonprofit effort
318
985520
3856
批评这件事显得不够明智。
16:54
and to criticize it
is a little bit stupid, actually.
is a little bit stupid, actually.
319
989400
3816
16:58
(Laughter)
320
993240
1216
但是有一件事人们确实会批评，
16:59
But the one thing
that people could criticize was,
that people could criticize was,
321
994480
6136
那就是，想法不错，但这些人做不成。
17:05
"Great idea, but these guys can't do it."
322
1000640
3564
这里的意思可以是这些人，这些秀才教授们成不了事，
17:09
And that could either mean these guys,
professors and so on couldn't do it,
professors and so on couldn't do it,
323
1004800
4176
17:13
or that it's not possible.
324
1009000
1976
或者是这件事本身不可能做到。
17:15
Well, on December 12, a company
called Quanta agreed to build it,
called Quanta agreed to build it,
325
1011000
5696
12月12号，广达电脑公司同意制造这款电脑，
全球三分之一的笔记本电脑都是这家公司生产的，
17:21
and since they make about one-third
of all the laptops on the planet today,
of all the laptops on the planet today,
326
1016720
4936
17:26
that question disappeared.
327
1021680
1576
因此上面的问题也就不存在了。
17:28
So it's not a matter
of whether it's going to happen.
of whether it's going to happen.
328
1023280
3216
因此这不再是它能否做成的问题。它马上就能做成。
17:31
It is going to happen.
329
1026520
1216
17:32
And if it comes out
at 138 dollars, so what?
at 138 dollars, so what?
330
1027760
4420
假如它的价格在138美元，那又怎样？
假如它晚了半年才发布，那又怎样？
17:37
If it comes out six months late, so what?
331
1032204
2972
这是一个漂亮的软着陆。谢谢各位。
17:40
That's a pretty soft landing. Thank you.
332
1035200
2656
（掌声）
17:42
(Applause)
333
1037880
2199
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nicholas Negroponte - Tech visionaryThe founder of the MIT Media Lab, Nicholas Negroponte pushed the edge of the information revolution as an inventor, thinker and angel investor. He's the driving force behind One Laptop per Child, building computers for children in the developing world.
Why you should listen
A pioneer in the field of computer-aided design, Negroponte founded (and was the first director of) MIT's Media Lab, which helped drive the multimedia revolution and now houses more than 500 researchers and staff across a broad range of disciplines. An original investor in Wired (and the magazine's "patron saint"), for five years he penned a column exploring the frontiers of technology -- ideas that he expanded into his 1995 best-selling book Being Digital. An angel investor extraordinaire, he's funded more than 40 startups, and served on the boards of companies such as Motorola and Ambient Devices.
But his latest effort, the One Laptop per Child project, may prove his most ambitious. The organization is designing, manufacturing and distributing low-cost, wireless Internet-enabled computers costing roughly $100 and aimed at children. Negroponte hopes to put millions of these devices in the hands of children in the developing world.
Nicholas Negroponte | Speaker | TED.com